人教版（2023） 選擇性必修第三冊 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage單元訓(xùn)練（含答案）

第第頁人教版（2023）選擇性必修第三冊Unit4AdversityandCourage單元訓(xùn)練（含答案）Unit4AdversityandCourage

【基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練】

Ⅰ.單句語法填空

1．Shewassitting________(cosy)onalittlebenchbehindtheschoolhouselookingatapicturebook.

2．Thoseregisteredareabletoenjoyfreeservicessuchas________(guide)onemploymentpoliciesandlaws.

3．Thoughtheyfailedtimeandtimeagain,they________(persevere)intheirattemptstoflyaroundtheworldinaballoon.

4．Everytimehe________(resolve)atroublesomeproblem,hefeelsheisgettingclosertohisfinalgoal.

5．Whenitstartsboiling,turn________thestovejusttokeepthesoupboiling.

6．StephenWilliamHawking,afamousphysicist,wasborninBritainonJanuary8th,1942.Asachild,hewasenthusiastic________designingcomplicatedtoys.

7．Thejobapplicantmusthavegoodcommunicationskills,abusiness________(qualify)andfirstofallpreviousworkingexperience.

8．ImakealistofbooksIwillreadandthe________(assign)Iwilldo.

9．Withthedevelopmentofnetworktechnology,itistimeforus________(understand)theimportanceof5Gtechnology.

10．Hewasallowed________(go)out,buthisparentsmadeitaconditionthatheshouldgethomebefore10p．m..

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．鳥兒受到了驚嚇，向四面八方飛去。(direction)

Frightened，____________________________________________.

2．你只要按時歸還，就可以把這本書拿走。(aslongas)

Youmaytakethisbookaway_____________________________________

________________．

3．不管這個問題有多難，他都決心要把它解決。(nomatter＋疑問詞)

Hewasdeterminedtoworktheproblemout__________________________________

________________．

4．你可不要一聽到批評就生氣。(祈使句)

________________themomentyouhearcriticism.

5．多謝了！要是沒有你及時的指導(dǎo)，我不可能在這么短的時間里完成這個艱巨的工作。(虛擬語氣)

Thanksalot!Withoutyourtimelyguidance,___________________________．

6．我們能夠改變這個結(jié)果的可能性很小。但是我們至少要試一試。(同位語從句)

________________________________________________________________________.

Butatleast,weshouldhaveatry.

Ⅲ.用現(xiàn)在完成時翻譯句子

1．我已經(jīng)修好了自行車，這周末我們可以去騎車了。

________________________________________________________________________

2．最近我一直在思考未來，我在想怎樣才能實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。

________________________________________________________________________

3．今天上午我一直給他打電話，打了好多次，但都沒有人接。

________________________________________________________________________

4．這場森林大火到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)燒了數(shù)十天。

________________________________________________________________________

【能力提升】

Ⅰ.閱讀

Forpeoplewhoareinterestedinsound,thefieldofsoundtechnologyisdefinitelymakingnoise.Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.

Soundcanbeusedasaweapon.Imaginethatapoliceofficerischasingathief.Thethieftriestoescape.Andtheofficercan'tlethimgetaway.Hepullsoutaspecialdevice,pointsitatthesuspect,andswitchesiton.Thethiefdropstotheground.ThisnewweaponiscalledaLongRangeAcousticDevice(LRAD,遠(yuǎn)程定向聲波發(fā)射器).Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.

Forthosewhohungerforsomepeaceandquiet,soundcannowcreatesilence.Let'ssayyouareattheairport,andthelittleboyontheseatnexttoyouishumming(哼唱)ashortcommercialsong.Hehumsitoverandoveragain,andyouareabouttogocrazy.ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesoundwithoutupsettingtheboyorhisparents.OnemaywonderhowtheSilenceMachineworks.Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon,pointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.

Directedsoundisanewtechnologythatallowscompaniestousesoundinmuchthesamewayspotlights(聚光燈)areusedinthetheater.Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.Directedsoundisalsobeginningtoappearinshoppingcentersandevenathomes.

1．WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph2abouttheeffectoftheLRAD

A．Itcausestemporaryhearingloss.

B．Itslowsdownarunningman.

C．Itmakesiteasytoidentifyasuspect.

D．Itkeepsthesuspectfromhurtingothers.

2．TheSilenceMachineisadevicespeciallydesignedto________.

A．silencethepeoplearoundyou

B．removethesoundofcommercials

C．blocktheincomingsoundwaves

D．stopunwantedsoundfromaffectingyou

3．Whatfeaturedospotsoundsandspotlightsshare

A．Theytravelincircles.

B．Theycleartheatmosphere.

C．Theycanbetransformedintoenergy.

D．Theycanbedirectedontoaspecificarea.

4．Directedsoundcanbeusedfor________．

A．creativedesignsofrestaurantmenus

B．idealsoundeffectsonthetheaterstage

C．differentchoicesofmusicforbusinesses

D．strictcontroloveranysuspiciouscustomer

5．Whatdoesthepassagefocuson

A．Howprofessionalsinventedsoundproducts.

B．Inventionsinthefieldofsoundtechnology.

C．Thegrowinginterestinthestudyofsound.

D．Howsoundengineersworkintheirstudios.

Ⅱ.七選五

Tobecomeaflexiblereader,youneedtoknowhowtoselectanduseareadingstylethatisconsistent(一致的)withyourpurposeofreading.__1__Eachhasitsownpurpose.Readtolearnaboutthethreereadingstylesusedbyflexiblereaders.

__2__Thepurposeofthisreadingstyleistoreaddifficultmaterialatahighlevelofcomprehension.Whenusingthestudyreadingstyle,youshouldreadataratethatisslowerthanyournormalreadingrate.Sometimes,readingmaterialaloudwillalsohelpyouimproveyourcomprehension.

Thesecondreadingstyleisskimming.Thepurposeofthisreadingstyleistoquicklyobtainageneralideaaboutreadingmaterial.__3__Whenusingtheskimmingstyle,youshouldidentifythemainideasineachparagraphandignorethedetailsinsupportivesentences.

Thethirdreadingstyleisscanning.Thepurposeofthisreadingstyleistoquicklylocateaspecificpieceofinformationwithinreadingmaterial.__4__Sinceyouknowexactlywhatyouarelookingfor,moveyoureyesquicklyoverreadingmaterialuntilyoulocatethespecificpieceofinformationyouneedtofind.

Beforeyoubeginyournextreadingassignment,identifyyourpurposeofreading.Decideifyouarereadingforahighlevelofcomprehension,tryingtogetageneralideaaboutwhatyouarereading,orlookingforspecificinformation.__5__

A．Yourreadingpurposeplaysanimportantroleinyourreading.

B．Studyreadingisthereadingstyleusedbyflexiblereaders.

C．Therearethreeimportantreadingstylesyoushouldlearntouse.

D．Thenusethereadingstylethatisappropriateforyourreadingpurpose.

E．Theskimmingstyleismostusefulwhenyouhavetoreadalotofmaterialquickly.

F．Theinformationtobelocatedmaybecontainedinanyplaceofreadingmaterial.

G．Ifyouwanttofindthetopicsentenceinapassage,theskimmingstyleisyourchoice.

Ⅲ.完形填空

It's27yearssincemylastconversationwithMother,whodidn'tfinishschoollikemanyofhercontemporary(同時代的)girls.Sheoftentoldme，“Inevergotmy__1__butonedayyouwill.”

Pointingtoatreeoracow,sheaskedmetorepeattheirEnglishnamesafterher.Feeling__2__，Iasked,“Mama,whydoIhavetolearnthese__3__words？”Sheheldherpenrightbeforemyeyes.“Holditfirmly，”she__4__me,“forthispenandthenewlanguagewillbeyourcompass(指南針)tosailaroundtheworld.”Sadly,mymotherdiedofbreastcancerwhenIwassix.

Turningseven,Itraveled30milestoliveclosertomyschool.__5__“closer”isarelativeterminUganda,which__6__Ihadtogetupastheearlysunroseandthenran8.8milesbarefoottoschool.Also,Ineededtocarryastickin__7__ofsnakesanddogs.Duringtherainyseason,thepathtoschoolwas__8__dailyandI'dswimwithonehand,usingtheotherhandto__9__thebookbagonmyhead.

Researchshows70percentofpoorchildrendon't__10__primaryschoolinUganda.Reasonsforthis__11__dropoutrateincludethelong__12__somechildrenmust__13__amongmanyotherreasons.

Fortunately,I'vemadeit.WheneverIseethesunrise,Iam__14__ofthewisdomofmymother.WhatshetaughtmewhenIwasakidtookrootinmyheart,__15__metoperseverewithenthusiasmeveninthemiserableperiodoflife.,

1．A.degreeB．scholarship

C．recommendationD．a(chǎn)dmission

2．A.anxiousB．hopeless

C．disappointedD．a(chǎn)nnoyed

3．A.toughB．new

C．foreignD．old

4．A.encouragedB．consulted

C．blamedD．frightened

5．A.ButB．So

C．WhenD．If

6．A.showsB．means

C．provesD．states

7．A.searchB．possession

C．spiteD．case

8．A.damagedB．repaired

C．blockedD．flooded

9．A.dragB．hold

C．hideD．seize

10．A.attendB．enter

C．completeD．continue

11．A.constantB．steady

C．lowD．high

12．A.distancesB．periods

C．listsD．stories

13．A.coverB．consider

C．judgeD．measure

14．A.informedB．warned

C．remindedD．told

15．A.allowingB．inspiring

C．expectingD．intending

Ⅳ.語法填空

FailingSuccessfully

TwoyearsagoItookpartinaspeechcompetitionandIgottheworst.Thoughlosingthecompetition,Ireallywanted1.________(compete)again.Irealizedthatfindingtherighttopicwasthemostimportantpart.Itneedstobemotivationalandinspirationaltotheaudience.SoIreworkedmyspeechforthe2.________(follow)year,pickingadifferenttopicandspendingcountlesshourspolishing(潤色)thespeech,word3.________word.

ThenextyearIparticipatedin4.________competitionagain.MyspeechwentwellandIhopedtodothatabitbetterthisyear.5.________(sad),mywishdidn'tcometrue.ThecompetitionwassofiercethatagainIdidn'tmake6.________.

Thedefeatwasabitterpilltoswallow.Icouldn'tacceptthefact7.________IhadfailedtwiceinsomethingthatIhadworkedsohardon.However,oneofthe8.________(judge)saidtomethatmyspeechwasquitegood,butitneededtobe9.________(good)ifIwantedtogoanyfurther.Headvisedmetostruggletoovercomesomethinglikesomeoftheemptygestures.HesaidthatIwouldsurelysucceedsomeday.

Hearingsuchinstructiveand10.________(inspire)words,IknewIfailedsuccessfully.Losingisnormalandpartoflife.Thisexperiencewasnotafallbutaslip.

Ⅴ.概要寫作

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

IsthetraditionalfamilydinnerathingofthepastIntoday'shouseholdswherebothparentsgotoworkandkidshavebusyscheduleswithschool,anarrayofafternoonactivitiesandmuchhomework,findingtimeforagatheringatthetableseemsimpossible.Yet,studieshaveshowntimeandagainthateatingtogetherhasmultiplebenefitsforfamilymembers,especiallychildren.

AccordingtoanumberofreportsissuedbytheNationalCenteronAddictionandSubstanceAbuseatColumbiaUniversity,childrenwhoeatatleastfivetimesaweekwiththeirfamilyareatlowerriskofdevelopingpooreatinghabits,weightproblemsoralcoholdependencies,andtendtoperformbetteracademicallythantheirpeerswhofrequentlyeataloneorawayfromhome.

“Eatingtogetherasafamilyisnotjustaboutfoodandnutrition.Foodhasbecomesoeasilyandcheaplyavailablethatwenolongerappreciateitssignificance，”saysProfessorRobinFox,whoteachesanthropologyatRutgersUniversityinNewJersey.“Wehavetorediscoveritsimportanceanditsvalue.Sharingamealwithlovedonesshouldbeconsideredaspecialevent,whichcanalmosttakeontheformofaceremony,asitwaspracticedbyourancestors,forwhomfindingfoodwasaconstantstruggle.”

Besidesappreciationforthevalueoffood,therearealsomanysocialelementsthatcomeintoplaywhenfamiliessharemeals,saysMiriamWeinstein,authorofTheSurprisingPowerofFamilyMeals.Thedinnertablecanbetheperfectenvironmentwherekidslearnhowtoconductconversations,observegoodmanners,serveothers,listen,solveconflictsandcompromise.

Ofcourse,thereisnoguaranteethatthesimpleactofeatingathomesurroundedbyfamilywillsavechildrenfromdevelopingunhealthylifestylesormakingregrettablechoicesdowntheroad.Itmaynotmakethemmorevirtuous(品德端正的)orsociallymoreresponsible.Butitcanformabasisforalotofthingsthatpointthemintherightdirection.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

參考答案

【基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練】Ⅰ.單句語法填空

1．cosily2.guidance3.persevered4.resolves5.down

6．a(chǎn)bout7.qualification8.assignment(s)9.tounderstand

10．togo

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．thebirdsflewinalldirections2.aslongasyoureturnitontime3.nomatterhowdifficultitis4.Don'tyougetangry5.Icouldn'thavefinishedthetoughtaskinsuchashorttime6.Thereislittlechancethatwecanchangetheresult

Ⅲ.用現(xiàn)在完成時翻譯句子

1．Ihavefixedthebike.Wecangocyclingthisweekend.

2．Ihavebeenthinkingaboutthefuturelately,wonderinghowIcanachievemygoal.

3．Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning,butthere'snoanswer.

4．Untilnowtheforestfirehasbeenburningfordozensofdays.

【能力提升】Ⅰ.閱讀

1．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itproducesadeafeningsoundsopainfulthatittemporarilydisablesaperson.ThenoisefromtheLRADisdirectedlikearayoflightandtravelsonlyintotheearsofthatperson,butitisnotdeadly.”可知它發(fā)出震耳欲聾的聲音，這種聲音令人如此痛苦以至于它會使人暫時喪失能力。LRAD發(fā)出的噪音像光線一樣被引導(dǎo)，只進(jìn)入那個人的耳朵，但不會致命。由此可推知，LRAD會導(dǎo)致暫時性聽力損失。故選A。

2．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Well,itfunctionsbyanalyzingthewavesoftheincomingsoundandcreatingasecondsetofoutgoingwaves.Thetwosetsofwavescanceleachotherout.Simplyturnthemachineon,pointitatthetarget,andyourpeaceandquietcomesback.”可知，它的功能是通過分析傳入聲音的波，并產(chǎn)生第二組傳出的波。這兩組波會相互抵消。只要打開機(jī)器對準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)，你的寧靜就會回來。由此可知，靜音機(jī)是一種專門設(shè)計用來阻止有害聲音影響你的設(shè)備。故選D。

3．D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,a“spotsound”createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.”可知，聚光燈只能照亮舞臺的一個部分；類似地，一個“spotsound”在一個目標(biāo)區(qū)域創(chuàng)建一個聲音圈。由此可知，spotsounds和聚光燈的共同特性是它們可以被定向到一個特定的區(qū)域，故選D。

4．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Aspotlightlightsuponlyonesectionofastage;similarly,‘a(chǎn)spotsound’createsacircleofsoundinonetargetedarea.Thiscanbeusefulforbusinessessuchasrestaurantsandstoresbecauseitoffersanewwaytoattractcustomers.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththevariousfoodchoicesonthemenu,allowingcustomersmorecontrolovertheatmosphereinwhichtheyaredining.”可知，聚光燈只能照亮舞臺的一個部分；類似地，一個“spotsound”在一個目標(biāo)區(qū)域創(chuàng)建一個聲音圈。這對餐館和商店等企業(yè)很有用，因?yàn)樗峁┝艘环N吸引顧客的新方式。餐廳可以提供音樂選擇與菜單上的各種食物選擇，讓顧客更多地控制氣氛，在他們用餐時。由此可知，定向音響可以用于不同的商業(yè)音樂選擇。故選C。

5．B主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Inthepast,soundengineersworkedinthebackroomsofrecordingstudios,butmanyoftoday'ssoundprofessionalsaresharingtheirknowledgeandexperiencewithprofessionalsinotherfieldstocreatenewproductsbasedonthephenomenonwecallsound.”可知，在過去，音響工程師在錄音室的后室工作，但今天的許多音響專業(yè)人士正在與其他領(lǐng)域的專業(yè)人士分享他們的知識和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，以我們所謂的聲音現(xiàn)象為基礎(chǔ)創(chuàng)造新產(chǎn)品。結(jié)合下文具體內(nèi)容可知，本文著重論述了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造。故選B。

Ⅱ.七選五

【語篇解讀】本文是篇說明文，向讀者介紹了三種滿足不同閱讀目的的閱讀方式。

1．C空后的“thethreereadingstyles”和C項中的“threeimportantreadingstyles”相對應(yīng)，故答案為C項。

2．B本段主要講thestudyreadingstyle這種閱讀方式，故選B項。

3．E根據(jù)語境可知，本空是對theskimmingstyle這一閱讀方式的進(jìn)一步說明，故選E項。

4．FF選項中的“Theinformationtobelocated”與空前一句相對應(yīng)，故選F項。

5．D根據(jù)空前的敘述可知，本句應(yīng)為選擇合適的閱讀方式，故答案為D項。

Ⅲ.完形填空

1．A考查名詞。degree在此處意為“學(xué)位”。由空前句中的whodidn'tfinishschoollikemanyofhercontemporarygirls可知的母親沒有完成學(xué)業(yè)，所以的母親沒有獲得學(xué)位。故A項正確。

2．D考查形容詞。根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Mama，whydoIhavetolearnthese__3__words？”和本段的母親對他的教育可知，當(dāng)時一遍遍地記外語單詞，感覺很煩，所以D項正確。

3．C考查形容詞。由下文forthispenandthenewlanguagewillbeyourcompasstosailaroundtheworld可知的母親讓她學(xué)習(xí)外國詞匯，故選C項。

4．A考查動詞。由空后的母親的鼓勵的話可以判斷A項正確。

5．A考查連詞。本句中的Ihadtogetupastheearlysunroseandthenran8.8milesbarefoottoschool表明每天要早早起床跑8.8英里才能到學(xué)校，故可知雖然搬去了離學(xué)校較近的地方