【解析】安徽省“皖江名校”高三決戰(zhàn)高考最后一卷英語試題

英語試題

本試卷由四個部分組成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一節(jié)為選擇題。第三部分的第二節(jié)和第四部分為非選擇題?？荚嚂r間120分鐘，滿分150分?？忌⒁馐马棧?.答題前，考生務(wù)必在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的地方填寫自己的姓名、座位號。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束，務(wù)必將試題卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）回答聽力部分時，請先將答案標在試卷上。聽力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到客觀題答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后；你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.HavingaholidayB.AskingforasickleaveC.WorkinginOsaka2.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A.WhatsportstoplayB.WheretodosportsC.Howtomeetpeople3.Wherearethespeakers?A.InahotelB.InarestaurantC.Athome4.WhenwillthemangototheGreatWall?A.InspringB.InsummerC.Inautumn5.WhywillthemangotoEdinburgh?A.TodrivethewomanthereB.TodosomesightseeingthereC.Tomeetsomeimportantpeople第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.Whichplacewillthemanseefirst?A.CentralMountain.B.LakePark.C.SpringSquare.7.WhatcanthemandoinSpringSquare?A.Enjoyfolkmusicanddancing.B.Buysomesouvenirs.C.Getaviewofthecity.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdidthespeakersdolastyear?A.Theywentswimming.B.TheyattendedaNewYear'sEveparty.C.Theywentskiing.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Worried.B.Annoyed.C.Excited.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whyisiteasytoseedifferentrocksinthedesert?A.Thereareveryfewplants.B.Itisalwaysbrightandsunny.C.Thewindsblowthesandsaway.11.WhatdidthewomandoonFriday?A.Shepreparedfortheexam.B.Shehadahistorylesson.C.Shewenttoaclassactivity.12.WhatwillthespeakersprobablydonextSaturday?A.Visitthedesert.B.Gotothemountains.C.Attendahistoryclass.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhatdidJennydolastnight?A.Shewenttoaconcert.B.ShesawaChristmasplay.C.Shewatchedabasketballgame.14.HowisAnnarelatedtoJenny?A.Jenny'sclassmate.B.Jenny'stutor.C.Jenny'ssister.15.WhatdoesJenny'smotherprobablydoforaliving?A.She'sapianist.B.She'sanurse.C.She'sababysitter.16.WhyisFredhavingtroublewithhisstudies?A.Heisbusywithhismusic.B.Hehastoworkintheorchestra.C.Hehasalotofresponsibilitiesathome.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatcanwelearnaboutnuclearradiation?A.Anylevelofitcanbedangerous.B.Itonlykillsminorcells.C.Alittleofitissafe.18.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allradiationisharmful.B.Radiowavescanbedeadly.C.Radiationwon'tbedeadly.19.Whyisnuclearradiationmysterious?A.Itcausesvitalhealthproblems.B.Itcausesdamageinawidearea.C.Itcannotbefeltbyoursenses.20.Whatisthedifferencebetweenmonradiowavesandnuclearradiation?A.Theformerisdetectable.B.Thelatterisharmful.C.Thelatterissensible.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThere'ssomuchtodiscoveratthenewBellMuseumAudubonAnimatedJanuary25May31ThisfantasticexhibitbringstolifeartistJohnJamesAudubon'sBirdsofAmerica.Enter“TheAudubonExperience”videoroomandfindyourselfsurroundedbyavirtualswampandforestwhereAudubon'spaintedbirdsarebroughttolifethroughmotionandsound.ViewrareselectionsfromtheBell'sBirdsofAmericaelephantfolio.Flex(活動）yourcreativeandobservationalmusclesina“DrawlikeAudubon”handsonsketchingactivity.StarPartiesMonthly:January31,February28,March13,April3,May1HaveyoulookedattheringsofSaturn?ThemoonsofJupiter?ExploretheskywiththeBell!Free,informaltelescopeobservingnightsareinformationalandfunforthewholefamily.Bellstaffwillguideyouthroughobservationsofthesamecelestial(天空的）objectsthathaveinspiredskygazersthroughouthistory!SpaceFestFebruary1and2Joinusforourannualfestivalofthecosmos!We'llbecelebratingthemanywomeninspacescienceandtheircontributionstothefield.Therewillbespecialguestspeakers,sciencedemonstrations,specialplanetarium(天象館）shows,andhandsonastronomyactivitiesallweekendlong.BellSummerCampsAdventuresforthepromisingscientistinyourlifeCampsgoonsaletoBellmembersonSaturday,February8,foranexclusiveweek'spresaleanddiscountsof$30/camponfullweekregistration.Bellcampsofferkidsinkindergarten8thgradeafunandenrichingenvironmentthatencouragesthemtoexploretheirscientificpassionsaswellasnewsubjects.Ourcampsincludehandsonactivities,planetariumvisits,games,creativeactivities,fieldtripstoseeresearchersandlabsaroundtheUniversity'sTwinCitiescampus,andmuchmore!1.WhichofthefollowingcanyoudoatAudubonAnimated?A.Drawingbirds. B.Takingfieldtrips.C.Observingthenightsky. D.Watchingasciencedemonstration.2.Whateventwouldyougotoifyouwanttocelebratewomeninspacescience?A.AudubonAnimated. B.StarParties. C.SpaceFest. D.BellSummerCamps.3.WhenshouldyoubuyticketsforBellSummerCampstosavemoney?A.OnJanuary25. B.OnFebruary1. C.OnFebruary8. D.OnMarch13.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】本文是一篇廣告布告短文閱讀。文章介紹了新的貝爾博物館可以去發(fā)現(xiàn)和參加的活動。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章

AudubonAnimated部分“Enter“TheAudubonExperience”videoroomandfindyourselfsurroundedbyavirtualswampandforestwhereAudubon'spaintedbirdsarebroughttolifethroughmotionandsound.”和“Flex（活動）yourcreativeandobservationalmusclesina“Drawlike

Audubon”handsonsketchingactivity.”可知，AudubonAnimated活動中可以畫鳥。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章

SpaceFest部分“We’llbecelebratingthemanywomeninspacescienceandtheircontributions

to

thefield.(我們將慶祝許多從事太空科學的女性及其對該領(lǐng)域的貢獻。)”可知，如果你想慶祝女性在太空科學方面的成就，就參加SpaceFest活動。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章

BellSummerCamps部分“Campsgoonsale

to

BellmembersonSaturday,February8,foranexclusiveweek’spresaleanddiscountsof$30/camponfullweekregistration.”可知，2月8日這一天有30美元的折扣優(yōu)惠，所以可以省錢。故選C。BHereallydidlooklikeatourist,withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreenstickingoutofhistotebag.Theportlymansatontheterrace,sippinglemonadeandpretendingtolookataglossycruisebrochure.Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes,butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure:hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes.AsIbroughthimhisclamchowder(蛤肉菜湯）,hecoughedupa“thankyou”andlookedatmebriefly.Itriednottostareatthetinyscaracrosshislefteyebrow.Iwalkedbackinsidewithmyemptytray,shakingmyhead.Helookedfamiliar,butIcouldn'tquiteplacehim.Thenithitme.Thecaraccident.Themysterious(神秘的）strangerwhohelpedmeoutofmysmashedcar,justbeforeitexploded.Irushedbacktohistable.Hewasgone.Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistipalongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(觀點）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.Itrembled.Thenightofmycaraccident,Iwasheadingforaninterviewinashadydanceclub.Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife.Iunfoldedthetipheleft.Amongthesingleswasagrandwithapenmarkunderlining“InGodWeTrust.”Isaidasilentprayerforhimandgotbacktowork,smiling.4.Whydidthemanetothisrestaurant?A.Togettraveltipsfromthebrochures. B.Tohavedeliciousclamchowder.C.Tospyonthewaitress. D.Tosaythanks.5.Whatcanbestdescribetheman?A.Brave. B.Honest. C.Generous. D.Transformed.6.Whatdoesthewaitressprobablywantthemantoknowthemost?A.Heisgratefultoher. B.Hechangedherperspectiveonlife.C.Shecouldhavediedinacaraccident. D.Sherememberswhoheis.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AHappyAccident B.TwoSorrowfulPeopleC.AMysteriousStranger D.NeverTooLatetoSay“ThankYou”【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。一個要去搶劫的陌生人在車禍中救了作者的命，改變了雙方的生活，讓作者看到了人性的善良，重拾生活的信心?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。第五段Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistip,alongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(觀點）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.“我移動了他的茶托，找到了他的小費和一張卡片:“我非常感謝你。”你車禍的那晚，我在去搶劫珠寶店的路上。拯救你的生命讓事情回到正確的角度。多虧了你，我現(xiàn)在過著誠實的生活。上帝保佑你!D先生?！庇纱丝芍?，男士來這家餐廳是為了說“感謝”。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistip,alongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(觀點）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.“我移動了他的茶托，找到了他的小費和一張卡片:“我非常感謝你。”你車禍的那晚，我在去搶劫珠寶店的路上。拯救你的生命讓事情回到正確的角度。多虧了你，我現(xiàn)在過著誠實的生活。上帝保佑你!D先生?！庇纱丝芍瑢@個男士的最好描述是“搖身一變”。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Itrembled.Thenightofmycaraccident,Iwasheadingforaninterviewinashadydanceclub.Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife.“我顫抖。我出車禍的那個晚上，我正要去一家陰暗的舞蹈俱樂部面試。通過他英勇的舉動看到了人類的善良，這讓我的生活徹底改觀，也讓我的生活重新充滿了信心?！庇纱丝芍?，女服務(wù)員最希望男士知道“他改變了她對生活的看法?！惫蔬xB?！?題詳解】標題判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一、二段Hereallydidlooklikeatourist,withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreenstickingoutofhistotebag.“他看起來真的像個游客，脖子上掛著照相機，大手提袋里露出一瓶防曬霜。”和Theportlymansatontheterrace,sippinglemonadeandpretendingtolookataglossycruisebrochure.Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes,butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure:hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes.“胖男人坐在露臺上，喝著檸檬水，假裝在看一本光滑的郵輪手冊。他的太陽鏡遮住了他的眼睛，但我知道他沒有在看小冊子:他在過去的十分鐘里沒有翻過一頁。”以及第三段中Themysterious(神秘的）strangerwhohelpedmeoutofmysmashedcar,justbeforeitexploded.Irushedbacktohistable.Hewasgone.“那個神秘的陌生人，在我撞壞的汽車爆炸前幫我下了車。我沖回他的桌子。他走了?！庇纱送浦?，C項“一個神秘的陌生人”為最佳標題。故選C。CYoufeelespeciallysmartandfunnywhentalkingtoaparticularperson,onlytofeelhopelesslyunintelligentandtonguetiedinthepresenceofanother.Experimentsshowwhenpeoplereportfeelingfortablewithaconversationalpartner,theyarejudgedbythosepartnersandbyobserversasactuallybeingmorewitty(機智的）。It'sjustoneexampleofthepowerfulinfluencethatsocialfactorscanhaveonintelligence.Asparents,teachersandstudentssettleintotheschoolyear,thisworkshouldencourageustothinkaboutintelligencenotasa“l(fā)umpofsomethingthat'sinourheads,”asthepsychologistJoshuaAronsonputsit,butas“atransactionamongpeople.”Mr.Aronson,anassociateprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,hasbeenaleaderininvestigatingtheeffectsofsocialforcesonacademicachievement.AlongwiththepsychologistClaudeSteele,heidentifiedthephenomenonknownas“stereotype(刻板印象）threat.”Membersofgroupsbelievednottobeacademicallygoodscoremuchlowerontestswhenremindedinadvanceoftheirraceorgender.Thepair'sexperimentsinthe1990sconcludedthattheperformanceofthesestudentssufferedbecausetheywereworriedaboutconfirmingnegativestereotypesabouttheirgroup.Minoritiesaren'ttheonlyoneseasilyhurtbystereotypethreat.Weallare.Agroupofpeopleespeciallyconfidentabouttheirmathematicalabilitiesdidworseonamathtestwhentoldthattheexperimentwasintendedtoinvestigate“whyAsiansappeartoperformbetterthanotherstudentsontestsofmathability.”AndinastudypublishedearlierthisyearinthejournalLearningandIndividualDifferences,highschoolstudentsdidworseonatestofspatial(空間的）skillswhentoldthatmalesarebetteratsolvingspatialproblemsbecauseofgeneticdifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.Thegirlswereanxiousaboutconfirmingassumptionsabouttheirgender,whiletheboyswereanxiousaboutlivinguptothem.Theevolvingliteratureonstereotypethreatshowsthatperformanceisalwayssocialinnature.Evenaloneinanexamroom,wehearachorusofvoicesassessing,evaluating,passingjudgment.Andassocialcreatures,humansarestronglyaffectedbywhatthesevoicessay.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transaction”inparagraph3referto?A.Spatialreasoningskills. B.Theabilitytorememberinformation.C.Interactionbetweenusandtheenvironment. D.Passingonknowledgefromteacherstostudents.9.Afterbeingtoldmalestypicallyperformbetterthanfemalesinmath,malesaremostlikelytoperform.A.betterthanfemales B.thesameasfemalesC.worsethanusual D.worsethanfemales10.Whichofthefollowing“voices”inourheadmayinfluenceperformanceonanexam?A.“IamaspreparedasIcanbe.”B.“Iamsupposedtodowellonthis.”C.“Thetestingroomisdifferentfrommyclassroom.”D.“Iamsolvingtheproblemsfasterthantheonesittinginfrontofme.”11.Howdostereotypesthreatenouracademicachievement?A.Makingusunintelligent. B.Remindingusofourweaknesses.C.Limitingourspatialreasoningskills. D.Raisingouranxietylevel.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【解析】【分析】本文為說明文。本文講述了刻板印象對人們的影響。8題詳解】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)第一、二自然段的意思，以及第三自然段中thisworkshouldencourageustothinkaboutintelligencenotasa“l(fā)umpofsomethingthat'sinourheads,"asthepsychologistJoshuaAronsonputsit,butas“atransactionamongpeople.”(這項工作應(yīng)該促使我們?nèi)グ阎橇Σ皇亲鳛椤拔覀冾^顱里面一團什么東西”來思考，.而是作為“人們之間..”.來思考。)一句，可以猜測出“transaction”的意思應(yīng)該是“人與所處環(huán)境之間的相互作用相互影響”。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第7段highschoolstudentsdidworseonatestofspatial(空間的）skillswhentoldthatmalesarebetteratsolvingspatialproblemsbecauseofgeneticdifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.（因為男性和女性之間的基因差異，當高中生被告知男性更擅長解決空間問題時，他們在空間技能測試中的表現(xiàn)更差，）可以知道，在男生被告知在數(shù)學上通常比女生表現(xiàn)更好之后，男性很可能表現(xiàn)得比平時差，故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。文章講的是stereotypethreat對人的影響，這種影響主要體現(xiàn)在stereotype事先對人設(shè)定了assumption，這種事先設(shè)定的assumption會使人產(chǎn)生壓力和焦慮，這個“voice”會增加自我壓力和焦慮，影響應(yīng)試者考試表現(xiàn)。因此選項B.Iamsupposedtodowellonthis.（這場考試我應(yīng)該考好）與文章所講內(nèi)容吻合。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第5、6、7三個自然段中所講的實驗結(jié)論，以及文中如下句子:theperformanceofthesestudentssufferedbecausetheywereworriedaboutconfirmingnegativestereotypesabouttheirgroup（這些學生的表現(xiàn)受到影響，因為他們擔心會證實對自己所在群體的負面刻板印象）;Thegirlswereanxiousaboutconfirmingassumptionsabouttheirgender,whiletheboyswereanxiousaboutlivinguptothem（女孩們擔心確認對自己性別的假設(shè)，而男孩們則擔心是否能達到這些假設(shè)）;Andassocialcreatures,humansarestronglyaffectedbywhatthesevoicessay（作為社會生物，人類強烈地受到這些聲音的影響）可以推斷出，刻板印象通過提高焦慮水平來影響我們的學習成績。故選D?！军c睛】難題突破：小題3難度較大，要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷Whichofthefollowing“voices”inourheadmayinfluenceperformanceonanexam（以下哪一種“聲音”會影響我們在考試中的表現(xiàn)）?文章講的是stereotypethreat對人的影響，這種影響主要體現(xiàn)在stereotype事先對人設(shè)定了assumption，這種事先設(shè)定的assumption會使人產(chǎn)生壓力和焦慮，在此語境下，我們來看這四個選項，這四個選項都是“(甚至)一個人單獨在考室時(Evenaloneinanexamroom)”大腦中出現(xiàn)的聲音(voices),也就是人的心理活動。A選項“IamaspreparedasIcanbe."的意思是“我已經(jīng)盡可能好地做了準備”。這個voice”里不含有assumption或expectation。B選項“Iamsupposedtodowellonthis."的意思是:“這場考試我應(yīng)該考好”。在理解“besupposedtodo”時，請不要受到漢語思維的影響，請看OxfordIdiomsDictionary對它的解釋“beexpectedorrequiredtodosthbyrules,thelaw,anagreement,etc”，它的含義是“在外界的期待(beexpected)或要求(berequired)下應(yīng)該如何”，這個“voice”會增加自我壓力和焦慮，影響應(yīng)試者考試表現(xiàn)。因此B項與文章所講內(nèi)容吻合。C選項"Thetestingroomisdifferentfrommyclassroom.的意思是:“這個考室和我的教室不同”。這個“voice”是“我”對考室的判斷，不含有別人，甚至自己對“我”的assumption或expectation,因此不符合文章所講的內(nèi)容。選項D.Iamsolvingtheproblemsfasterthantheonesittinginfrontofme."的意思是:“我比坐在我前面的考生做得快”。這個“voice”或許是“我”基于某些事實或跡象做出的判斷，也不含有外界的assumption或expectation?？傊?，根據(jù)文章來看，一個“voice”是否“influenceperformanceonanexam”，要看它是否有來自外界或環(huán)境的“assumption或expectation”,不能脫離文章語境來判斷。DThestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettymoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis(胃炎）,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers(潰瘍）。Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults,howevertheideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics(抗生素）.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall'shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005.TwentysixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.12.WhydidtheacademicsinitiallyrefusetoacceptthatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B.Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C.Theythoughtthatbacteriacouldn'tsurviveinthestomach.D.TheAustralianpathologistRobinWarrenprovidednoevidence.13.HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Choosingunhealthylifestyles. B.IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.CFindingthebacteriaonstomachlining. D.GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Scientificprogresstakestime. B.Scienceguidesmedicalpractices.C.Warrenisnotaproductivescientist. D.OnlyMarshalldeservestheprize.15.Thetextismostlikelywrittento.A.Chemists B.Patients C.Researchers D.Thegeneralpublic【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.(直到20世紀80年代，人們一直認為細菌在胃酸中無法生存。)可知，學者們最初拒絕接受幽門螺桿菌引起胃炎是因為他們認為細菌在胃酸里無法生存。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.和下文內(nèi)容可知，受夠了被忽視和對他的發(fā)現(xiàn)充滿信心，巴里·馬歇爾決定親自進行測試，他感染了幽門螺桿菌，很快就發(fā)展成胃炎和可怕的胃潰瘍。因此可知，巴里·馬歇爾讓幽門螺桿菌進入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃潰瘍，來證明幽門螺桿菌引起胃炎。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，最終，世界完全承認沃倫和馬歇爾對科學和醫(yī)學的巨大貢獻，兩人于2005年被授予諾貝爾醫(yī)學獎。羅賓首次開始他的研究后26年。因此推斷科學發(fā)展需要時間。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。文章介紹了兩位科學家對幽門螺旋桿菌的研究歷程以及結(jié)論,是一篇科普文章?？破瘴恼碌氖鼙娛莟hegeneralpublic(普通大眾)，故選D?！军c睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話，也可能是某幾句話，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對原文某一句話或某幾句話所作的同義改寫或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含infer,

suggest,

imply,

conclude,

indicate等標志性詞語。這種題型主要包括細節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀點推斷題、寫作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜測想象推斷題。推理判斷題。文章介紹了兩位科學家對幽門螺旋桿菌的研究歷程以及結(jié)論,是一篇科普文章?？破瘴恼碌氖鼙娛莟hegeneralpublic(普通大眾)，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Onethingthatmostofusprobablycanagreeon:justabouteveryparentthinksthathisorherkidisspecial.___16___.Goodintentions,however,donotoftenleadtogoodoutes:peoplewhoparticularlydisliketheirnameandalsoifotherpeoplethinkit'sanodd(怪異的）andunlikeablenametendnottobeaswelladjusted.___17___,maybeevensomethingfairlysignificant,aboutyourparents'religiousorethnic(種族的）background,theirlevelofineoreducation,maybeeventheirpolitics.Fromwhatwecantell,yournameisnotyourdestiny(命運）.ThestorygoesthattwobrothersinNewYorkwerenamedLoserandWinnerbytheirparents.Loserturnedouttohaveagreatlifeasanupstandingcitizen.Hewasapolicedetective.___18___.Justthinkaboutitforaminute.___19___yourintelligence,yourtaste,yourhealth,yourworkmoralsanddecisionmakingtosaynothingofluck.Now,consideringallofthoseheavyweightforces,howmuchcouldsomethingassurfaceasanamereallyaffectyourlife'soute?___20___,itisn'tthathardtochangeit.A.YourlifeisdeterminedbyyourselfB.AndWinnerhadbeenacareercriminalC.AnamecontainsarichsetofinformationD.ThinkaboutallthethingsthatmakeyouE.ItistruethatyournamemaytelltheworldsomethingF.Pluswhich:ifyoureallythinkyournameisholdingyoubackG.Andpartofwhatmakeseachofourkidsspecialisthenameswegivethem【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.D20.F【解析】這是一篇議論文。很多人的名字包含了美好的的寓意，但是名字并不能決定一個人的的命運?！?6題詳解】前一句提到“我們大多數(shù)人可能都會同意一件事：差不多每個父母都認為他或她的孩子是特別的”，G項“讓每個孩子與眾不同的部分原因是我們給他們?nèi)〉拿帧背薪由衔?，解釋上一句中父母覺得孩子與眾不同的原因，G項中“special”與上一句中的“special”呼應(yīng)。故選G項?！?7題詳解】空后一句“甚至是一些相當重要的事情，關(guān)于你父母的宗教或種族背景，他們的收入或教育水平，甚至可能是他們的政治立場”是舉例說明名字中傳達的信息，所以E項“的確，你的名字可能向世界表明一些事情”切題，且E項中“something”與空后一句中的“something”呼應(yīng)，故選E項?！?8題詳解】上文提出觀點“yournameisnotyourdestiny(你的名字不是你的命運)”，接下來舉了分別名為“Loser”和“Winner”的例子，空前一句提到“Loser結(jié)果作為一個正直的公民過著很好的生活。他是一個警察偵探”，由此推知空處應(yīng)是說Winner的命運，所以B項“Winner成為一個職業(yè)罪犯”切題，與上文Loser的命運形成對比，印證上文的觀點。故選B項?！?9題詳解】空前提到“花一分鐘的時間想想它”，D項中“Thinkabout”與空前一句“thinkabout”呼應(yīng)，D項“想想是什么構(gòu)成了現(xiàn)在的你”承接上句，且下一句“——你的智力，你的品位，你的健康，你的工作道德和決斷能力——與運氣無關(guān)”是思考的具體內(nèi)容，D項中“allthethings”與下一句中“yourintelligence,yourtaste,yourhealth,yourworkmoralsanddecisionmaking”呼應(yīng)，上下句銜接自然。故選D項?！?0題詳解】空前“現(xiàn)在考慮一下這些重要的影響力量，像一個名字一樣淺顯的事情能真的對你的生活結(jié)果有多少影響呢？”是用用問句的形式表達觀點“名字不會決定命運”，再由空后“改變它并不是那么難”可推知，空處內(nèi)容應(yīng)是與上文觀點相反，F(xiàn)項“另外：如果你真的認為是名字阻礙你”切題。故選F項。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Mymomisanenvironmentalist.We'vealwaysposted(制堆肥）andshe'salwayshadsomesortofgarden.Shealsoneverthrewanythingawaybecauseshecouldseethesecond___21___init.Igrewintoa___22___lifestyle.AndIstarted___23___mycarbonfootprintandconsumption.Idecidedto___24___mycarforonemonthinMayof2017.IfIneededacar,Iwasgoingtoborrowsomeone'stoprovethatIhadthemunityto___25___thisdecision.Ionlyendedup___26___acaronce,andIrealizeditdidn'tmakesensetoownacar,___27___itandpayforgas.SoinSeptember,Ifully___28___andsoldmycar.Ialsoflyalotforwork,andonmy___29___fromthetravelagency,itwillincludehowmanytonsof___30___you'reemitting(排放）fromjustyoursingle___31___,whichislikeapunchinthegut.Asaresult,ithasbeea___32___formetooffset(抵消）mycarbonemissions.I___33___mycarbonemissions,andgoontocarbonfootprint.andpurchaseanoffsetinthe___34___ofadonation.Ifwe'regoingto___35___theenvironmentthismuch,wehavetobedoingsomethingthat'sgoingtooffsetthecarbon___36___untilthere'sacarbontax,whichItrulyhopeis___37___wewillgonext.It’salsoreallyimportanttotalkaboutwhatwecouldseethe___38___as,becauseitgetssodarksofastwhenpeopletalkabout___39___change.Idon'tknowwhatthe___40___isofmenothavingacar,butIhopeit'ssomethingpositivethatIcan'tnecessarilysee.21.A.Time B.life C.hand D.way22.A.different B.healthy C.modern D.similar23.A.Assessing B.suspecting C.obtaining D.ignoring24.A.blowup B.speedup C.giveup D.breakup25.A.oppose B.support C.announce D.approve26.A.borrowing B.possessing C.purchasing D.renting27.A.repair B.wash C.park D.finance28.A.understood B.quit C.recovered D.agreed29.A.list B.poster C.trip D.ticket30.A.smell B.heat C.carbon D.sweat31.A.seat B.plane C.car D.garden32.A.pain B.habit C.burden D.reward33.A.increase B.reduce C.control D.calculate34.A.form B.name C.course D.middle35.A.provide B.create C.pollute D.preserve36.A.invain B.inreturn C.inforce D.inadvance37.A.when B.why C.how D.where38.A.future B.globe C.environment D.tax39.A.cultural B.economic C.climate D.population40.A.intention B.motivation C.drawback D.effect【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C36.B37.D38.A39.C40.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，主要陳述自己受母親影響減少碳排放的舉措?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她也從不扔掉任何東西，因為她能在這些東西身上看到第二次生命。A.Time時間；B.life生命；C.hand手；D.way道路。作者母親不扔任何東西，因為他們都可以舊物利用，她在他們身上能看到第二次生命。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也養(yǎng)成了類似的生活方式。A.different不同的；B.healthy健康的；C.modern現(xiàn)代的；D.similar相似的。作者受母親的影響，也養(yǎng)成了類似的生活方式。故選D項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我開始評估我的碳足跡和消耗。A.Assessing評估；B.suspecting懷疑；C.obtaining獲得；D.ignoring忽視。前面提到作者受母親影響，也養(yǎng)成了環(huán)保的生活習慣，對自己的碳足跡進行估算。故選A項?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：2017年5月，我決定放棄開車一個月。A.blowup爆炸，放大；B.speedup加速；C.giveup放棄；D.breakup打碎，破碎；結(jié)束；解散；衰落。這是作者具體的減少碳排放的舉措，放棄開車。故選C項。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我需要一輛車，我會借別人的，以證明我有社區(qū)支持我的決定。A.oppose反對；B.support支持；C.announce宣布；D.approve贊同。作者如果需要車，可以向他人借到，以此證明社區(qū)有人支持（認同）他的做法。故選B項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終我只借過一次車，然后我意識到擁有一輛車，把它打理好然后付油錢是沒有意義的。A.borrowing3借；B.possessing擁有；C.purchasing購買；D.renting租借。結(jié)合上文，作者是向他人借車，故選A項。【27題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最終我只借過一次車，然后我意識到擁有一輛車，把它打理好然后付油錢是沒有意義的。A.repair修理；B.wash清理；C.park停車；D.finance負擔經(jīng)費。結(jié)合句意，自己有車的話就要加油，承擔油費。故選D項。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：所以在9月份，我徹底放棄（車）并賣掉了我的車。A.understood理解；B.quit放棄；C.recovered恢復(fù)；D.agreed同意。結(jié)合上文，作者覺得有車沒意義，所以選擇賣車，即放棄車。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也經(jīng)常因工作原因坐飛機，在我通過旅行社購買的機票上含有我僅僅一個座位要排放的碳（的量），這就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.list列表，清單；B.poster海報；C.trip旅行；D.ticket票。作者經(jīng)常坐飛機，所以讓旅行機構(gòu)幫忙買機票。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也經(jīng)常因工作原因坐飛機，在我通過旅行社購買的機票上含有我僅僅一個座位要排放的碳（的量），這就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.smell味道；B.heat熱；C.carbon碳；D.sweat汗水。結(jié)合上下文，這里是指購買一次機票乘坐一次飛機，作者所產(chǎn)生的碳排放。故選C項?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也經(jīng)常因工作原因坐飛機，在我通過旅行社購買的機票上含有我僅僅一個座位要排放的碳（的量），這就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.seat座位；B.plane飛機；C.car汽車；D.garden花園。這里指的是作者乘坐飛機僅僅一個座位所包含的碳排放。故選A項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，抵消我的碳排放已經(jīng)成為我的一種習慣。A.pain痛苦；B.habit習慣；C.burden負擔；D.reward獎賞。作者致力于減少自己的碳排放，所以為自己造成的碳排放進行抵消成了一種習慣。故選B項?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我計算了我的碳排放量，并且登錄網(wǎng)，并以捐贈的形式購買應(yīng)彌補的份額。A.increase增加；B.reduce減少；C.control控制；D.calculate計算。作者要抵消自己的碳排放，所以先計算自己所產(chǎn)生的碳排放的量，進而上網(wǎng)以捐贈的形式購買應(yīng)抵消的份額。故選D項。【34題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我計算了我的碳排放量，并且登錄網(wǎng)，并以捐贈的形式購買應(yīng)彌補的份額。A.form形式；B.name名義；C.course課程；D.middle中間。作者上網(wǎng)以捐贈的形式購買應(yīng)抵消的份額。故選A項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們要如此嚴重地污染環(huán)境，我們就必須采取措施