學術英語（一）unit 4 重點詞匯

Discussthewords’meaningExercise1Exercise2Exercise3整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningperspective:aparticularwayofthinkingaboutsomethingorviewingsomething

Thespeakergaveusaninsider’sperspectiveoffoodsafety.Readthesentencesbelowandusecontexttowritethedefinitionsoftheunderlinedwords.Onewordhasbeendoneforyou.e.g.整理pptoutrage:__________________________

Thepublicwereoutragedatthesuccessivecampusshooting.ThecitizensfeltoutragedattheirresponsibleremarksmadebythememberoftheParliament.

“Outrage”canalsobeusedasannoun.e.g.

widespreadoutrageinternationaloutragepublicoutragemoraloutrageinoutragetomakesomebodyshockedorangryDiscussthewords’meaning廣泛的憤慨國際義憤公憤義憤憤怒地Note整理pptperpetrator:______________________________________________________________

Itisreportedthattheprincipalperpetratorofthecrimewasfinallycaughtbypoliceinasmallvillage.Similarly,Itakeintoaccountthealcoholintakeofallfamilymembers,notjustthatoftheperpetratoroftheabuse….(TextA)

“Perpetrate”istheverbform.apersonwhocommitsacrimeordoessomethingwrongorevilDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt3.marital:_____________________________________________________________Thecouplehasdecidedtogetadivorce.Nowtheyareconsideringabouthiringalawyertohelpthemdividetheirmaritalassets.

Intensedrinkingbytheperpetratororthevictim(spouse)oftenleadstoincreasedmaritalconflict….(TextA)

Collocations:maritalproblem

connectedwithmarriageorwiththerelationshipbetweenahusbandandwifeDiscussthewords’meaning婚姻問題整理pptDiscussthewords’meaning

maritaldiscordmaritalbreakdownmaritalagreementmaritalautonomymaritalcrime

maritalstatus

夫妻不和婚姻破裂婚姻協(xié)議

婚姻自主(權)婚姻上的犯罪婚姻狀況整理ppt4.project:______________________________________________________Heprojectedhisguiltunconsciouslyonhispartner.Universally,allabusers,whetherhittersordrinkers,project

blameontoothers:“It’snotmyfault”….(TextA)

Exercise:Whatdoes“project”meanineachofthefollowingsentences?

transferanemotionordesiretoanotherperson,especiallyunconsciouslyDiscussthewords’meaning整理pptDiscussthewords’meaning

1.Theyareprojectinganewplantforsewagetreatment.2.Thepopulationofthatcityisprojectedtorisetoonemillioninthenextfiveyears.3.Shewantstoprojectherselfmoreasafriendthanaleader.4.Lightprojectedhisshadowontothewall.5.Hetriedtoprojecthimselfintotheirsituation.6.Sharprocksareprojectingfromtheseasatthebaseofthecliffs.

設計,規(guī)劃預計展現(xiàn)投射設想處于…….突出，伸出整理ppt5.tirade:_______________________________________Theylaunchedintoatiradeagainstthegovernmentforitsinepthandlingofthenuclearcrisis.Thepoliticiandeliveredanangrytiradeagainstthenewpolicyoftaxreduction.

alongangryspeechcriticizingsomebodyorsomethingDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt6.recrimination:_______________________________

________________________

Graduallybothpartiesrealizedthatmutual

recrimination

willdonogoodtothesolutionoftheproblem.Atthemeeting,therewasaperiodofbitterrecrimination.accusationsmadebytwopeopleortwogroupsofpeopleabouteachother’sbehaviorDiscussthewords’meaning整理pptintoxicate:_______________________________

_______________________Hehasnocapacityforliquor:oneglassofwineisenoughtointoxicatehim.PeterwasarrestedforDWL(drivingwhileintoxicated).

“Intoxicate”canalsomean“toexcitesb.greatly”.e.g.Shewasintoxicatedwithsuccess.

tocausetolosecontrolofone’sbehaviorbecauseofalcoholdrinkoradrugDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt8.norm:______________________________________________________________________

Manychildrenwhowitnessabusefalselytakeviolenceasanormandexpectitintheirownadultrelationships.StrikesarethenorminsomeEuropeancountries.Collocations:

acceptednormethicalnormsocialnorm

asituationorapatternofbehaviorthatisusualorexpectedDiscussthewords’meaning接受的規(guī)范;公認的標準倫理規(guī)范社會規(guī)范整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningstatisticalnormfamilynorm

conformtothenorm

breakthenormdeviatefromthenorm

abovethenorm

belowthenorm

統(tǒng)計學標準家庭規(guī)范符合規(guī)范違規(guī)偏離常態(tài)

高于標準低于標準整理ppt9.symptom:____________________________________________________

Thedrugwillhelprelieveyoursymptomsofallergy.

Symptomsofthiskindofdiseaseincludefeverandstomachache.

Collocations:

typicalsymptom

chronicsymptom

acutesymptomachangeinone’sbodyormindthatshowsthathe/sheisnothealthyDiscussthewords’meaning典型癥狀

慢性病癥

急性病癥整理pptDiscussthewords’meaning

intermittentsymptom

severesymptom

mildsymptom

physicalsymptommentalsymptom

psychologicalsymptom

display/have/exhibitsymptomdevelopsymptom

aggravatesymptomidentifythesymptom

relievesymptom間歇性病癥嚴重的癥狀輕微的癥狀身體上的癥狀心智上的癥狀心理上的癥狀呈現(xiàn)癥狀出現(xiàn)癥狀加劇癥狀識別癥狀緩解癥狀整理ppt10.instigate:____________________________

Thefightingsbetweenthetwocountrieswereinstigatedbytheterritorydispute.

Itwouldbeunwisetoinstigateamilitaryattack.

“Instigate”canalsomean“incitesbtodosthbad”.e.g.Heinstigatedthetwopartiestofight.tocausesomethingbadtohappenDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt11.imbibe:_______________________________

Theyusedtoimbibecansofbeerintheopenairatnight.Itisreallydangerousifyouimbibealotbeforedriving.Note

“Imbibe”means“absorbsth,especiallyinformation”inthefollowingsentence.HeimbibedmuchknowledgeofEnglishhistoryfromthesebooks.

todrinksomethingespeciallyalcoholDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt12.ambiguous:_______________________________

Theambiguous

natureofmanylegislativeactsrequiresclarificationbythecourts.

Shedeliberatelygaveanambiguousaccountofwhathappenedthatnight.

nothavingoneobviousmeaning,confusingDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt13.mediate:_______________________________

________________________

Thegovernmentmediatedbetweentheworkersandtheemployers.Theyattemptedtomediatebetweenthewarringcountriestoendthefighting.“Mediation”isthenounform.

tointerveneinadisputebetweentwogroupsofpeopleinordertobringaboutagreementDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt14.harbor:_________________________________

________________________

Thecriminalmayharborhatredagainsthisneighbor.

Heharboredagrudgeagainsthisboss.tokeepfeelingsorthoughts,especiallynegativeonesinone’smindforalongtimeDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt15.intimidate:_______________________________

________________________

Thekidnapperintimidatedhimintopayingaransomof$50000forhislittleboy.Heintimidatedhisneighborintosilence.

Morerelatedwordsinthefamily.

tofrightenorthreatensomebodyinordertomakehimdowhatonewantsDiscussthewords’meaningNoteintimidationintimidatorintimidatoryintimidatingly整理ppt16.pent-up:_______________________________

________________________

Withoutanoutlet,herpent-updiscontentofhermarriagelifemighteventuallygrowtoformabnormalpsychology.Hefinallyfoundachancetoreleasehispent-upemotion.(offeelings,energy,etc.)thatcannotbeexpressedorreleasedDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt17.accommodate:_______________________________

________________________

Thenewcomersofthecompanyneedtoaccommodatetothenewworkingenvironment.

Heaccommodatedhimselfeasilytothenewschedule.

“Accommodate”means“providesbwitharoomorplacetosleep,liveorsit”inthefollowingsentence.Theauditoriumcanaccommodate3000people.

tochangeone’sbehaviorinordertodealwithanewsituationbetterDiscussthewords’meaningNote整理ppt18.distortion:__________________________________

__________________________

Theyareinaragewiththemedia’sreportwhichisconsideredtobefullofdistortionsofthefacts.

Hisaccountoftheincidenthasbeencondemnedforagrossdistortionofthetruth.

thechangingofthemeaningorpurposeofsomethingintosomethingthatonedisapprovesofDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt19.milieu:_________________________

Themunicipalgovernmenttriedtocreateamilieuconducivetothetechnologicalinnovation.Thisrestructuringoffamilylifeestablishesamilieuthattoleratesandaccommodatestoviolence.

socialenvironmentonelivesinDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt20.syndrome:_______________________________

________________________

Itisararesyndromeinwhichtheproductionofwhitebloodcellsisdamaged.Thissyndromemainlyaffectedpeopleoversixties.asetofphysicalconditionsthatshowonehasaparticulardiseaseormedicalproblemDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt21.irritability:_______________________________

Thebosssometimesdisplaysirritabilitytowardshissubordinatesovertrifles.Apartfromoccasionalirritabilitywiththechild,heprovedhimselfagoodhusbandandfather.

badtempter;atendencytobeeasilyannoyedDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt22.illusory:_________________________________

Theyounggraduatehasanillusoryhopethathewillfindawell-paidjobsoon.Peopleinthatcountryhadanillusorysenseoffreedomandsecurity.Exercise:Canyoulistsomeotherwordswiththesimilarmeaningas“illusory”?

notreal,althoughseemingtobeDiscussthewords’meaningimaginaryunrealfancifuldeceptivedelusive整理ppt23.property:__________________________________

Oneofthephysicalpropertiesofthemetalistoexpandwithheatandcontractwithcold.Thepupilsarecomparingthechemicalpropertiesofthesetwosubstances.“Property”alsomeans“possessions”.e.g.

Heinheritedconsiderablepropertyfromhisgrandfather.aqualityorcharacteristicsthatsomethinghasDiscussthewords’meaningNoteNote整理ppt24.abstinent:______________________________________________________________

Thedoctorstronglyadvisedthepatienttobeabstinentfromalcohol.

Experiencesuggeststhisisnotthecase;abstinentandrecoveringsubstanceabusersarewell-representedindomesticviolencecourtsandbatterers’programs.(TextB)refrainingfromanactivityorfromtheconsumptionofsomething,especiallyalcoholDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt25.divergent:________________________

Itseemstherearealwaysdivergentviewsonthesehotissues.Capitalandlaborhavedivergentinterests.tendingtodifferDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt26.cognitive:____________________________________________________

Scientistsaretryingtounderstandtheprocessofchildren’scognitivedevelopment.Thiscognitivemodelofchildrenlearningtheirfirstlanguageisrathercomplex.connectedwithmentalprocessesofunderstandingDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt27.intervention:_______________________________

________________________

Thechildwouldhavesufferedfromcontinuousabusebutfortheinterventionofthepolice.Stateinterventionineconomysometimesisinevitable.

Collocations:timelyintervention

personalinterventiongettinginvolvedinordertoinfluenceasituationinsomewayDiscussthewords’meaning及時干預親自介入整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningarmedinterventionforeigninterventionlegalinterventionjudicialinterventionsurgicalinterventionhumaninterventionpoliticalinterventionactiveintervention武裝干涉外國的干涉法律干預司法介入外科手術治療人為干預政治干預積極介入整理ppt28.cumulative:______________________________________________________________

Peopleinthatareahavesufferedheavilyfromthecumulativeeffectofincessantfloodingtheseyears.TheKaufmanKantorandMurrayStrausstudymeasuredonlywhetherthebattererorvictimhadbeendrinkingatthetimeoftheviolence(use),nottheirdrinkingpatternorthecumulativeeffectsofdrinking(abuse).(TextB)increasinginquantity,degree,orforcebysuccessiveadditionsDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt29.erosion:______________________________________________________

Peopleinthatcountryareworryingaboutthegradualerosionoftheircivilliberties.Theerosionofthepassivefemalestereotypeislikelytoresultinmorewomenbeingchargedandconvictedofoffencesgenerally,…(TextC)

thegradualdestructionorremovalofpower,rights,etcDiscussthewords’meaning整理ppt30.domineer:________________________________________________________

Shehadanunhappychildhoodbecauseherfatherwasacoldanddomineeringman.Theyfinallygotdivorcedbecausethehusbanddomineersoverthewifeandthechildren.assertone’swilloveranotherinanarrogantwayDiscussthewords’meaning整理pptDiscussthewords’meaning22.Findmorewordsofeachwordfamily.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.BaseformOtherrelatedformsinthewordfamilyabusecontribute

expose

identify

normal

abuser,abusive,abusively,abusiveness,abusagecontributing,contribution,contributor,contributableexposure,exposition,expositional,expositor,expositoryidentifiable,identification,identified,identity,unidentifiablenormally,abnormal,abnormally,normality,normalness整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningBaseform

Otherrelatedformsinthewordfamilyevidentinhibit

stress

stable

establish

evidence,evidential,evidentially,evidently,evidentnessinhibited,inhibiting,inhibition,inhibitive,inhibitory,inhibitorstressed,stressful,unstressed,stressorstabilise,stability,stabilised,unstable,instability,stabilisationestablished,establishing,establishment,disestablished，disestablishment,establisher整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningBaseformOtherrelatedformsinthewordfamilyintense

motivedomestic

analyze

internal

intensely,intenseness,intensification,intensified,intensify,intension,intensity,intensive,intensivelymotivate,motivated,motivating,motivation,unmotivateddomestically,domesticate,domesticated,domesticating,domesticsanalysed,analyser,analysing,analysis,analystinternally,internalize,internalization,internalized整理pptDiscussthewords’meaningBaseformOtherrelatedformsinthewordfamilyconcept

eliminatedefineconstructemergeisolateconception,conceptual,conceptualisation,conceptualise,conceptualised,conceptualising,conceptuallyeliminated,eliminating,elimination,eliminative,eliminatordefinable,defined,defining,definition,redefine,redefined,redefining,undefinedconstructed,constructing,construction,constructive,reconstruct,reconstructed,reconstructing,reconstructionemerged,emergence,emergency,emergent,emergingisolated,isolating,isolation,isolationism,isolationist,isolatable整理pptDiscussthewords’meaning3.Explainthemeaningofthefollowingroots.Adda