現(xiàn)代大學(xué)英語(yǔ)精讀4-基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)paraphrase

Unit1TextⅠThinkingasaHobbyParaphrasesoftheTextTheleopardwasNature,andhewasbeingnatural.(3)TheleopardsymbolizesNature,whichstandsforallanimalneedsordesires.美洲豹象征著自然，它在那里顯得很自然而已。Naturehadendowedtherestofthehumanracewithasixthsenseandleftmeout.(15)Everybody,exceptme,isbornwiththeabilitytothin大自然賦予其余的所有的人第六感覺(jué)卻獨(dú)獨(dú)漏掉了我?！猋oucouldhearthewindtrappedinthecavernofhischestandstrugglingwithalltheunnaturalimpediments.Hisbodywouldreelwithshockandhisruinedfacegowhiteattheunaccustomedvisitation.(19)你能聽(tīng)到風(fēng)被他的胸腔堵住，遇到障礙物艱難前進(jìn)發(fā)出的聲音。他的身體因?yàn)椴涣?xí)慣這樣的感覺(jué)而搖搖晃晃，臉色變得慘白。Inthisinstance,heseemedtomerulednotbythoughtbutbyaninvisibleandirresistiblespringinhisneck.(20)Mr.Houghton’sdeedstoldmethathewasnotruledbythought,instead,hewouldfeelastrongurgetoturnhisheadandlookatthegirls.在這種情況下，我認(rèn)為他不是受思想，而是受他后頸里某個(gè)看不到卻無(wú)法抗拒的發(fā)條的控制。Technically,itisaboutasproficientasmostbusinessmen’sgolf,ashonestasmostpolitician’sintentions,ortocomenearmyownpreoccupation-ascoherentasmostbooksthatgetwritten.(23)Thisironicalsentenceshowsthattheauthornotonlyconsidersthosepeopleincompetent,dishonestandincoherentbutalsodespisesmostbusinessmen,distrustmostpoliticiansanddislikesmostpublications.從技術(shù)上而言，它嫻熟如同商人玩高爾夫，誠(chéng)實(shí)如同政客的意圖，或者——更接近我自己的領(lǐng)域——有條理如同大多數(shù)寫(xiě)出來(lái)的書(shū)。$Wehadbetterrespectthem,forweareoutnumberedandsurrounded.(24)TheGrade3thinkersusuallyrepresentthegreatmajority,sowehastorespectthembecausewearesurroundedbythem.我們最好尊重他們，因?yàn)槲覀兲幱谒麄兊陌鼑?，?shì)單力薄。Manenjoysagreementascowswillgrazeallthesamewayonthesideofahill.(24)Theauthorthinksthatjustlikecowsalwayseatthegrassofthesamesideofahill,itisprobablyhumannaturetoenjoyagreementbecauseitseemstobringpeace,security,comfortandharmony.人是一種愛(ài)群居的動(dòng)物，就象牛喜歡沿著山坡的同一條道路吃草一樣喜愛(ài)共識(shí)。Islidmyarmroundherwaistandmurmuredbreathlesslythatifwewerecountingheads,theBuddhistsweretheboysformymoney.Shefled.ThecombinationofmyarmandthosecountlessBuddhistswastoomuchforher.(27)我伸手?jǐn)堖^(guò)她的腰屏住呼吸低聲說(shuō)，如果算人數(shù)我該捐錢(qián)給佛教徒。露絲的確是為我好，因?yàn)槲胰诉@么好。但是我的手臂加上那些數(shù)不勝數(shù)的佛教徒實(shí)在讓她無(wú)法忍受了。}ItwasRuthalloveragain.Ihadsomeverygoodfriendswhostoodbyme,andstilldo.Butmyacquaintancesvanished,takingthegirlswiththem.(32)WhathadhappenedtoRuthandmenowhappenedagain.Mygrade-twothinkingfrightenedawaymanyofmyacquaintances.又是露絲的問(wèn)題。我曾有一些很要好的朋友站在我這邊，他們現(xiàn)在仍然站在我這邊。但是我的熟人都不見(jiàn)了，帶著他們的女孩子消失了。Unit2TextⅠSpringSowingParaphrasesoftheText...sleepandyetonfirewithexcitement,foritwasthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingasmanandwife.(3)Althoughtheywerestillnotfullyawake,theyoungcouplewasalreadygreatlyexcited,becausethatdaywasthefirstdayoftheirfirstspringsowingsincegettingmarried.有些困乏，也很興奮，因?yàn)檫@是他們作為夫婦第一個(gè)春播的第一天。`Butsomehowtheimminenceofaneventthathadbeenlongexpectedloved,fearedandpreparedformadethemdejected.(3)Thecouplehadbeenlookingforwardtoandpreparingforthisspringplantingforalongtime.Butnowthatthedayhadfinallyarrived,strangely,theyfeltsomehowabitdejected,unhappy,sad,ordepressed.但是隨著春播的迫近，這一他們?yōu)橹诖S久，熱愛(ài)，害怕和準(zhǔn)備的大事的臨近，他們反而有些沮喪。Mary,withhershrewdwoman’smind,thoughtofasmanythingsasthereareinlifeasawomanwouldinthefirstjoyandanxietyofhermating.(3)Mary,likeallsharpandsmartwomen,thoughtofeverythingthatwasgoingtohappenintherestofherlife.Atthattime,shehadthecomplexthoughtsofawomanatthefirstcrucialmomentofhermarriage.Shewasfilledwithjoyandanxietyandwasbotheredbymanythoughts.瑪麗用她精明的女性的思維，思考著一個(gè)女人在新婚生活中所得到的快樂(lè)和生活中的瑣事。Martinfelloverabasketinthehalf-darknessofthebarn,hesworeandsaidthatamanwouldbebetteroffdeadthan...(4)Itwouldbebetterforhimtodiethantrippedoverabasket.*馬丁再昏暗的谷倉(cāng)中被一只籃子絆倒了。Andsomehow,astheyembraced,alltheirirritationandsleepinessleftthem.AndtheystoodthereembracinguntilatlastMartinpushedherfromhimwithpretendedroughnessandsaid:“Come,come,girl,itwillbesunsetbeforewebeginatthisrate.”(4)Alltheanger,unhappinessanddrowsinessmeltedawaywiththeirhug.TheyremainedineachothersarmsuntilfinallyMartinpushedheraway,withpretendedroughness.他們就這樣擁抱著，直到最后馬丁推開(kāi)了瑪麗，并假裝強(qiáng)硬的說(shuō)道：“來(lái)吧，快點(diǎn)，姑娘，再這樣下去當(dāng)我們開(kāi)始時(shí)太陽(yáng)都要下山了?！?..astheywalkedsilently...throughthelittlehamlet,therewasnotasoulabout.(5)Whentheywalkedsilentlythroughthesmallvillage,theysawnotasinglepersonaround.當(dāng)他們穿著生皮鞋穿過(guò)小村莊時(shí)，那還沒(méi)有其他人。Andtheybothlookedbackatthelittleclusterofcabinsthatwasthecenteroftheirworld,withthrobbinghearts.Forthejoyofspringhadnowtakencompleteholdofthem.(5)—他們帶著悸動(dòng)的心跳同時(shí)回頭看看村莊中相似的小屋，那就是他們生活的世界的中心。春播的喜悅已經(jīng)緊緊地包裹住了他們。Supposeanybodysawuslikethisinthefieldofourspringsowing,whatwouldtheytakeusforbutapairofuseless,soft,empty-headedpeoplethatwouldbesuretodieofhunger?(12)Ifpeopleshouldseeuslikethis(withyourarmaroundmywaist),whatwouldtheythinkofus?Theyweresuretoregardusasapairofgood-for-nothings,peoplewhoareunabletoendurehardshipsandfoolishand,therefore,weresuretodieofhunger.“想想如果有人看到我們?cè)诖翰サ耐恋厣线@樣，他們只會(huì)把我們當(dāng)成一對(duì)沒(méi)用、軟弱、沒(méi)腦子的會(huì)被餓死的傻瓜，呼!”Shebecamesuddenlyafraidofthatpitiless,cruelearth,thepeasant’sslavemaster,whichwouldkeepherchainedtohardworkandpovertyallherlifeuntilshewouldsinkagainintoitsbosom.(13)Shebecameafraidoftheearthbecauseitwasgoingtoforcehertoworklikeaslaveandforcehertostruggleagainstpovertyallherlifeuntilshediedandwasburiedinit.Itoverpoweredthatotherfeelingofdreadthathadbeenwithherduringthemorning.(17)Butwhenshesatandlookedaroundthevillage,thefieldsandthepeople,astrangefeelingofhappinessaroseinher.Thefeelingofjoydroveawaythefeelingofterrorthatshehadhadinthemorning.—Thestrongsmelloftheupturnedearthactedlikeadrugontheirnerves.(20)AllherdissatisfactionandwearinessvanishfromMary’smindwiththedeliciousfeelingofcomfortthatovercameherathavingdonethisworkwithherhusband.(34)Unit3TextⅠGroundlessBeliefsParaphrasesoftheTextTheyrestuponmeretradition,oronsomebody’sbareassertionunsupportedbyevenashowofproof......(1)Theyareonlybasedontradition,oronsomebody’sassertion,butarenotsupportedevenbytheleastamountofproof.這些說(shuō)法僅僅根據(jù)傳統(tǒng)，或者根據(jù)某人毫無(wú)證據(jù)的斷言……>ButifthestaunchestRomanCatholicandthestaunchestPresbyterianhadbeenexchangedwheninfants,andiftheyhadbeenbroughtupwithhomeandallotherinfluencesreversed,wecanhadverylittledoubtwhattheresultwouldhavebeen.(3)Iftheywereexchangedwhentheywereinfantsandbroughtupdifferenthomesandunderdifferentinfluences,thenthestaunchestRomanCatholicwouldbethestaunchestPresbyterian,viceversa.Thisshowsthatourbeliefsarelargelyinfluencedbysurroundings.不過(guò)，如果在嬰兒時(shí)期把最虔誠(chéng)的羅馬天主教徒和長(zhǎng)老會(huì)教義信徒予以交換，然后使他們?cè)谙喾吹募彝ヅc影響下長(zhǎng)大，所能得出的結(jié)果是毋庸置疑的。Itisconsistentwithallourknowledgeofpsychologytoconcludethateachwouldhavegrownupholdingexactlytheoppositebeliefstothoseheholdsnow...(3)我們可以根據(jù)所掌握的心理學(xué)知識(shí)得出結(jié)論，兩人長(zhǎng)大后會(huì)持有與現(xiàn)在恰好相反的觀點(diǎn)……Ofcoursewedonotcease,whenweceasetobechildren,toadoptnewreliefsonmeresuggestion.(4)Ofcourseitdoesnotmeanthatwhenwegrowupwenolongerhavethesemistakenbeliefs.Wearestilleasyandoftenwillingvictimsofnewspapersandadvertising.當(dāng)然，我們長(zhǎng)大后也不會(huì)停止僅僅根據(jù)建議接受新觀點(diǎn)。}Weshouldrememberthatthewholehistoryofthedevelopmentofhumanthoughthasbeenfullofcasesofsuch“obvioustruths”breakingdownwhenexaminedinthelightofincreasingknowledgeandreason.(8)我們應(yīng)該記住，在人類(lèi)思想發(fā)展的整個(gè)歷史過(guò)程中充滿(mǎn)了這種“明顯的真理”現(xiàn)象，經(jīng)過(guò)人類(lèi)不斷增長(zhǎng)的知識(shí)與理性的檢驗(yàn)，這些“真理”不攻自破。Theage-longstruggleofthegreatestintellectsintheworldtoshakeoffthatassumptionisoneofthemarvelsofhistory.(9)世界上最偉大的學(xué)者們經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)否定了這一假設(shè)，這也是人類(lèi)歷史上的一大奇跡。Manymodernpersonsfinditverydifficulttocreditthefactthatmencanevenhavesupposedotherwise.(10)許多現(xiàn)代人發(fā)現(xiàn)很難相信人們?cè)羞^(guò)另一種假設(shè)。Weadoptandclingtosomebeliefsbecause—orpartlybecause—it“pays”ustodoso.But,asarule,thepersonconcernedisaboutthelastpersonintheworldtobeabletorecognizethisinhimself.(14)Peopleswhoholdthosebeliefsthroughself-interestusuallywillnotadmitthis.Theyusuallytrytocloakthemselveswithbeautifulaltruisticwords.~我們之所以接受并且堅(jiān)持某些觀點(diǎn)的原因是——或者部分原因是——這樣做對(duì)我們“有好處”。Thereismanyamanwhoisunconsciouslycompelledtoclingtoabeliefbecauseheisa“somebody”insomecircle—andifheweretoabandonthatbelief,hewouldfindhimselfnobodyatall.(15)Manypeopleareforcedtoholdabeliefbecausehehasbecomeanimportantpersoninhisgroup.Ifhegaveupthatbelief,hewouldturninsignificantatonce.許多人無(wú)意識(shí)地被迫堅(jiān)持某種觀點(diǎn)，因?yàn)樗悄硞€(gè)圈子里的“重要人物”——如果他放棄這一觀點(diǎn)，就會(huì)成為無(wú)足輕重的小人物。Somewhatsimilaristheacceptanceofanopinionthroughthedesire—probablynotrecognizedbythepersonconcerned—tojustifyhisownnature,hisownposition,orhisownbehaviour.(17)另一種類(lèi)似的情況是有些人出于證明自己的性格、立場(chǎng)或行為的愿望而接受某一種觀點(diǎn)，也許當(dāng)事人不承認(rèn)這一點(diǎn)。Unit4TextⅠLionsandTigersandBears.ParaphrasesoftheTextOfcourse,anybodywhoknowsanythingaboutNewYorkknowsthecity’sessentialplatitude---thatyoudon’twanderaroundCentralParkatnight---andinthat,needlesstosay,wastheappeal;itwasthethingyoudon’tdo.(1)EverybodywhoknowsNewYorkknowsthewidelydiscussedtopicthere,thatis,youshouldnotwanderinCentralParkatnightbecauseit’sdangerous.However,preciselybecauseoftherisk,therearealwayspeopleattractedtodoso.Theyjustwishtodowhatpeoplenormallydon’tdo.當(dāng)然，了解紐約的人都知道關(guān)于這座城市老生常談的話題——夜里不能在中央公園閑逛——而這，不用說(shuō)，正是吸引力所在：它是你平常不會(huì)做得事情。Sofar,sonormal,andthiscouldhavebeenanoutdoorsummer-stockShakespeareproductionanywhereinAmerica,exceptinonerespect...(3)Andtonight’sperformancecouldbeanyoutdoorperformanceofShakespeare’splayoneregularlyfindsinsummerinAmerica.Therewasonlyonedifference.到目前為止，一切還算正常，這和美國(guó)任何地方在室外上演的莎士比亞夏令劇目沒(méi)什么不同，除了一點(diǎn)：...therotatingredlightwaslikeacampfireinthewild,warningwhat’souttheretostayaway.(3)#旋轉(zhuǎn)著的紅色警燈就像野外的篝火，警告四周存在的威脅不要靠近。Igotmybearings.(6)Ifoundwhereiwas.我終于認(rèn)清了方向。Theparkwastobestrolledthrough,enjoyedasanaestheticexperience,likeawalkinsideapainting.(7)人們漫步于公園，享受美的體驗(yàn)，猶如走進(jìn)一幅油畫(huà)中一樣。Iwasemboldenedbytherealization:Iwasnolongerafraid;Iwasfrightening.(9)意識(shí)到這點(diǎn)，我的膽子就大了起來(lái)：我不再害怕了，令人害怕的是我。Theparkisnowframed,envelopedeven,bythecity,buttherewasnoescapingtherecognitionthatthecity—contrived,man-made,glaringobtrusive,consumingwastefulandstaggeringquantitiesofelectricityandwaterandenergy---wasverybeautiful.(12)Buttherewasnodenyingthefact(youhavetoadmit)thatthecitywasverybeautiful,althoughitwasnotanaturalkindofbeauty,itwasartificialandshowy,anditusedupagreatamountofwaterandenergy.&公園現(xiàn)在被鑲嵌在城市中，甚至被城市包裹，但不可否認(rèn)的是這座城市——這座經(jīng)過(guò)雕琢的、人工打造的、燈火輝煌Andthen,naturefindingherselfunabletoresist,itstartedtopour.(24)Unit9TextⅠTheDamnedHumanRaceParaphrasesoftheTextThatistosay,Ihavesubjectedeverypostulatethatpresenteditselftothecrucialtestofactualexperiment,andhaveadopteditorrejecteditaccordingtotheresult.(para.2)Inotherwords,Ihaveputeverytheoryorhypothesisthereistothedecisivetestofactualexperiment.也就是說(shuō)，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)，我對(duì)每一種假設(shè)都進(jìn)行了檢測(cè)，并根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果采納或者否定了這一假設(shè)。Iwasawarethat…h(huán)avenotscrupledtocheattheignorantandthehelplessoutoftheirpoorservingsinordertopartiallyappeasethatappetite.(para.4)—Iknewthatmanymanwhohavemoremoneythantheycaneverusehaveshownamaddesiretogetmore,andtheyhavenotedtocheatpoorpeopleandtheirfewsavinginordertoythatdesire.我意識(shí)到，許多人雖然聚斂了不計(jì)其數(shù)的財(cái)富，然而他們?nèi)匀豢释啵⑶覐臒o(wú)知又無(wú)助的人身上肆無(wú)忌憚地奪取微薄的財(cái)富，以便來(lái)平息心中的愿望。Menkeepharemsbutitisbybruteforce,privilegedbyatrociouslawswhichtheothersexwereallowednohandinmaking.(para.6)人妻妾成群，只是依靠暴力，由暴力的法律來(lái)授予特權(quán)。然而女性是無(wú)權(quán)參與制定這些法律的。Hewillnotevenenteradrawingroomwithhisbreastandbacknaked,soaliveareheandhismatestoindecentsuggestion.(para.8)他甚至不會(huì)裸露著乳房和屁股走進(jìn)臥室，但他和同伴對(duì)下流的暗示又十分敏感。No---ManistheAnimalthatBlushes.Heistheonlyonethatdoesit---orhasoccasionto.(para.8)No,manisnottheonlyanimalthatlaughs,butitistruethatmanistheanimalthatblushes.Heistheonlyanimalthatdoesitorhastheneedto.[不——人是會(huì)臉紅的動(dòng)物。是唯一會(huì)臉紅的動(dòng)物——或者說(shuō)有必要臉紅。Man---whenheisKingJohn,withanephewtorenderuntroublesome,heusesared-hotiron;(para.9)InthecaseofKingJohnwhowantedtogetridofhisnephewheusedared-hotirontotorturehim.當(dāng)他作為約翰國(guó)王的時(shí)候，為了除掉侄子，他會(huì)用燒紅的烙鐵來(lái)折磨他；Thecatismoderate---unhumanlymoderate,sheonlyscaresthemouse,shedoesnothurtit;shedoesn’tdigoutitseyes,ortearoffitsskin,ordrivesplintersunderitsnails---man-fashion;whensheisdoneplayingwithitshemakesasuddenmealofitandputsitoutofitstrouble.(para.9)貓是適度的——與人不同的是它在嚇唬老鼠，并不去傷害它。它不去挖老鼠的眼睛，剝它的皮，或者把木條釘進(jìn)它的指甲里——像人一樣。在它戲弄玩老鼠之后，他、便突然把它當(dāng)飯吃了，使它脫離痛苦。Hesetshimselfapartinhisowncountry,underhisownflag,andsneersattheothernations,andkeepsmultitudinousuniformedassassinsonhandatheavyexpensetograbslicesofotherpeople’scountries…(para.13)ItisclaimedthatmanistheonlyPatriot.Onlymaniscapableofsuchnoblesentiment.Butwhatdoesitmean?Itsimplymeansthathekeepshimselfawayfromothers,occupiesapieceofland,callsithisowncountry,andthinksthatheisbetterthanothers,thenheputsupaflagandgatherstogetheragroupofkillersandstealslandfromothers.·他打著國(guó)旗，在自己的國(guó)度里自詡與眾不同，并嘲笑其他國(guó)家。他不惜花費(fèi)重金，屯兵無(wú)數(shù)，就是為了吞噬大片他人的國(guó)土HeistheonlyanimalthathastheTrueReligion,severalofthem.Heistheonlyanimalthatloveshisneighborashimself,andcutshisthroatifhistheologyisn’tstraight.Hehasmadeagraveyardoftheglobeintryinghishonestbesttosmoothhisbrother’spathtohappinessandheaven.(para.14)Intryingtomakeiteasyforhisbrothertofindhappinessandgotoheaven,hehasturnedtheworldintoagraveyard(hehascausedthedeathofmillionsaroundtheworldinconvertingthemtohisreligion)人是唯一信仰宗教的的動(dòng)物。他是唯一信奉正統(tǒng)宗教——幾種宗教的動(dòng)物，也是唯一愛(ài)鄰居就像愛(ài)自己一樣的動(dòng)物，如果鄰居的神學(xué)理論不純正，人就割斷她的喉嚨。他把全球變成了一個(gè)大墓地，千方百計(jì)為他的兄弟謀求幸福，為其上天堂鋪平道路。Thehigheranimalshavenoreligion.Andwearetoldthattheyaregoingtobeleftout,intheHereafter.Iwonderwhy?Itseemsquestionabletaste.(para.14)Andwearetoldthattheywillnotbeallowedtogotothenextworld(heaven).Iwonderwhy?Itseemstoshowpoortastetoleaveoutthehigheranimalandallowonlyhumanbeingstogotoheaven.高級(jí)動(dòng)物沒(méi)有宗教信仰。我們被告知，它們死后將被排除在天堂之外。我不明白這是為什么？看來(lái)這是值得懷疑的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。Unit11TextⅠSoldier’sHeart《ParaphrasesoftheTextThereisabriefpurringsound,thenarhythmicdrumming.(para.2)Thereisthesoundoftheplanedroppingbombsorgunsfiringshellsrhythmically.…itwasthecourseforupperdivisionstudentsknownasthecolloquium.(para.4)Idon’tsupposemanyofoursoldiersintheGulfWarhavesufferedfromit-