英語中的主謂一致

英語主謂一致普通說來，謂語必須與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，即主謂一致。主謂一致涉及三個方面：語法上一致，意義上一致，就近一致。一、語法上一致1不可數(shù)名詞、動名詞、不定式、從句等做主語時，謂語普通用單數(shù)。Muchmilkisofferedtohim.

ReadingaloudisveryimportantinlearningEnglish.Tonodone’sheadmeansagreement.

Whattheysaidistrue.2and連接主語時，注意下列幾點：1）由and,both…and連接兩個單數(shù)名詞謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞指同一種人，同一物，同一事，同一概念時謂語用單數(shù)。Bothbreadandbutterwereservedforbreakfastinthishotel.Theteacherandwriterisgoingtogiveusatalk.2)但凡由each…andeach…,every…andevery…,no…andno…,manya…and

manya…連接名詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)。Eachmanandeachwomanhasachancetoberaisedinourcompany.Noboyandnogirldoesn’tgotoschoolattheageofseveninthisvillage.3)由and連接的前置并列修飾語+不可數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Goodandbadmeatinthemarketaresoldout.4)不可數(shù)名詞+并列修飾語作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。BeerfromtheUSAandGermanyismuchbetterthatfromBritain.5)凡由and連接兩個帶the(a或物主代詞)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，如果只有前一種名詞帶the(a或物主代詞)則謂語用單數(shù)。Theprofessorandthewriterhavepublishedafewnewbooksonradio.Thetenthandlastchapteriswrittenbyayoungman.6)由and連接的第二個名詞短語表達否認或帶有狀語時，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)與第一種名詞一致。Theteacher,andperhapshisstudentstoo,islikelytobepresent.7)What從句的并列式作主語時，并列完整式慣用復(fù)數(shù)，縮略式慣用單數(shù)。Whathesaysandwhathethinkshavenothingtodowithme.WhatIsayanddoismyownaffair.8)由and連接的兩個疑問代詞、不定式、動名詞作主語時，根據(jù)意義一致的原則擬定單復(fù)數(shù)。Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.(MET1991)Aisnotdecided

Barenotdecided

Chasnotdecided

Dhavenotdecided3主語+介詞（短語）：with,except,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,over,besides,togetherwith,like,including,inadditionto等連接的名詞時，謂語以介詞（短語）前的主語為準，不受介詞后的名詞影響。ThemanwithhsdaughtersandsonsiswatchingTV.Thegirlsaswellastheteacheraredancing.考例：1）E-mail,aswellastelephones,______animportantroleinourdailylife(1999上海)Aplaying

Bplay

Cplays

Dhaveplayed2)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.(MET1990)Aisoffered

Bhasoffered

Careoffered

Dhaveoffered4不定代詞either,each,one,another,anyone,anybody,noone,nobody,someone,somebody,anything,nothing,something,everything,everyone,everybody,neither等作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，none做主語時，謂語單復(fù)數(shù)均可。Thereisnothingwrongwiththemachine.Eitheroftheshirtsfitsmeverywell.Noneofthefarmershas(have)beenabroad.5manya(an)+名詞和morethanone+名詞做主語時謂語用單數(shù)。Manyanappleisinthebasket.Morethanonestamphasbeencollectedbyher.6在四則運算中謂語單復(fù)數(shù)均可。Threeandfouris(are)seven.Twotimestenis(are)twenty.7當(dāng)kindof,pairof,typeof等做主語時，謂語與of前的kind,pair,type等保持一致。如：Thispairoftrousersfitsyou.Thekindoftheappletastesdelicious.8當(dāng)alotof,lotsof,plentyof等短語作主語時，謂語與of后的保持一致。Thereareplentyofeggsinthebasket.Lotsofmeathasbeensoldout.考例：Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_______ofdesert______coveredtheland.(上海)Anumber,has

Bquantity,hasCnumber,have

Dquantity,have9當(dāng)分數(shù)或百分數(shù)+名詞作主語時，謂語與背面的名詞保持一致。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.70percentofpeoplehaveknownaboutthetruth.考例：_______ofthelandinthatdistrict______coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海)ATwofifth,is

BTwofifth,are

CTwofifth,isDTwofifths,are10在oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句中如關(guān)系代詞作主語引導(dǎo)定語從句時，謂語根據(jù)先行詞來判斷，若是oneof構(gòu)造，定語從句用復(fù)數(shù)，若是the(only)oneof構(gòu)造，定語從句用單數(shù)。Zhouxiaisoneofthegirlswholikehiking.Tianliliistheonlyoneofthegirlswhohaspassedtheexam.考例：Heistheonlyofthestudentswho_______awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.(上海)Ais

Bare

Chavebeen

Dhasbeen11“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，”thenumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)形式。Thenumberofbooksisnomorethan100,butanumberofthemisoflittleuse.考例：thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET1996)Awere,was

Bwas,was

Cwas,were,

Dwere,were二、意義上一致1當(dāng)表達時間，距離，價格、度量等的名詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)。Tenyearsisquitealongtime.2當(dāng)“the+形容詞（過去分詞）”指一類人作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。指個人或抽象概念時，謂語用單數(shù)。Therichliveahappylife,whilethepoorliveahardlife.Thewoundedisourcaptain.3當(dāng)maths(mathematics),politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)，但前有物主代詞修飾指某人的某方面時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Mathsisdifficulttolearn.

Hisphysicsarepoor.4用作書名、劇名、報名、國名、地區(qū)名稱的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)。TheArabianNightsisaveryinterestingbook.

TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.5如果名詞詞組的中心詞是all,most,half,rest,part等詞語，表達的是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之用單數(shù)。（單獨all作主語，指人用復(fù)數(shù)，指物用單數(shù)）。Alloftherubbishwasclearedaway.

Alloftheclassmateshavepassedtheexamination.6當(dāng)集合名詞family,class,army,group,team,enemy,government,public,couple等作主語時，如果主語看作一種整體，謂語用單數(shù)，如果看作其中的組員（個體時）謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Class3areunabletoagreeontheplan.

HisfamilyhasjustmovedtoBeijing.7有的名詞如police,cattle,people,clothes,trousers等沒有單數(shù)形式，作主語時，謂語只能用復(fù)數(shù)，而有的名詞則是單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)相似，如sheep,deer,aircraft,mean,fish,works,

species,等，作主語時，就必須根據(jù)意思來擬定其謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Shortlyaftertheaccident,thepoliceweresenttokeeporder.考例：Everypossiblemeans________topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear(上海)。Aisused

Bareused

Chasbeenused

Dhavebeenused三、就近一致1連詞or,either…or,not…but,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,whether…or等連詞并列作主語時，謂語與它最靠近的主語一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtoanswerhisquestion.NotonlyhebutalsohisfriendshavebeentoNewYork.考例：Eitheryouortheheadmaster______theprizestothesegiftedstudentsatthemeeting(1994上海)Aishandingout

Baretohandout

Carehandingout

Distohandout2在therebe構(gòu)造中，如果主語不只是一種，謂語普通和鄰近的，即每一種主語一致。如：Thereisadeskandthreechairsintheroom.Therearethreechairsandadeskintheroom.Addition:體現(xiàn)祝愿的句型。1)I/We/Letus+wish

sb.+sth.Iwishyouhappiness.Iwishyouafullrecovery.Iwishyoueverysuccessinyournewpost.Letuswishyoutheverybestofluck.2)主語（IWeLetus）+wish+sb.+todosth.Iwishyoutosucceedinyourperformance.Letuswishyoutowinstillgreatervictoriesinthescientificresearch.3)主語(IWe)hope+賓語從句Ihopeallisgoingwellwithyourfamily.4)May+主語+動詞原形+其它Mayyoubothbealwayshappy.Mayyoureturnsafeandsound.Mayallhappinessattendyou.5)主語（I/We/letme）+send/offer+賓語+forLetmeoffermyheartygoodwishedforyoursuccess.6)名詞＋tosb.Successtoyouall!Agoodjourneytoyou!Goodlucktoeveryone!1.Writingstoriesandarticles_______whatI’mfondof.Ais

Bwere

Care

Dhavebeen2.EitheryouorI________goingtoattendthemeeting.Ais

Bare

Cam

Dwill3.---Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togotouniversity.----SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.tohope4.Thesingerandcomposer______comingnextMonday.Ais

Bare

Cwere

Dwas5.Theyoung________toberudetotheoldinsomeareasnowadaysAseem

Bseems

Cseeming

Dseemed6.Lilyisoneofthestudentswho_______skating.Alikes

Blike

Cliked

Dliking7.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither______anyendtotheirinfluenceonman`slives.A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere8.Bill’saimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_______?A.isn’titB,isitC.isn’theD.ishe9.Itwasonlywiththehelpofthelocalguide_________.A.wasthemountainclimberrescuedB.thatthemountainclimberwasrescuedC.whenthemountainclimberrescuedD.thenthemountainclimberwasrescued10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter______thatI’mtalkingto.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.itiswhoD.itiswhom11.Seventypercentofthestudentshere______fromthecountryside.A.isB.areC.comesD.hascome12.Three—fourthsofthehomework______today.A.hasfinishedB.hasbeenfinishedC.havefinishedD.havebeenfinished13.Only_____intheschool______beenrepaired.A.onethirdofthedesks;hasB.onethirddesks;haveC.onethirdofthedesks;haveD.onethirdofdesks;have14.About40_____ofthepopulationofthatcountry______onfarms.A.percent;livesB.percent;liveC.percents;liveD.percents;lives15.Morethan60percentofworld’sradioprogrammes______inEnglish.A.isB.wasC.areD.be16.ThetotalnumberofthepopulationinChina_______about100milliononApril14,1989.A.addedupB.wasC.wereD.rose17.Alargenumberofthestudentsinourclass_______girls.A.areB.wasC.isD.be18.Thenumberofstudentsofthisschool______large.A.areB.wasC.isD.be19.Thewholeclass______theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningtoB.islisteningtoC.arelisteningD.islistening20.TheChinesepeople______hard—workingandbrave.AareB.isC.hasbeenD.arebeing21.Thepolice_______themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingforB.weresearchingforC.aresearchingforD.weresearching22.Thosewho______in_____compositions,pleasehandtheminthisafternoon.A.hasn’thanded;hisB.haven’thanded;hisC.hashanded;theirD.havehanded;his23.Janeisoneofthebeststudentsinherclasswho______bytheirteacher.A.arepraisedB.ispraisedC.praisedD.praising24.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho______elected.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is25.Thesubjectofphysics_______alwaysinterestedhim.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are26.There______plentyofraininthesummer.Ais

Bare

Chas

Dhave27.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica_______oneofthemostlargestcountriesintheworld.A.isB.areC.wasD.were28.TheOlympicGames________heldevery_______years.A.is;fourB.are;fourC.is;fiveD.are;five29.Her______toherchildren’sfaults______quiteextraordinary.A.blind;isB.blind;areC.blindness;isD.blindness;are30.Where_______rubbish,thereareflies.A.thereareB.thereisC.isD.therehas31.Thenewsofvictories_______spendingfarandwide.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.were32.Agreatdealofenergy______thisway.A.arewastedB.werewastedC.iswastedD.wastes33.Thepaperforbooksandnewspapers_______madeofwood.A.areB.isC.haveD.has34.Theairinbigcities______verydirty.A.areoftenmadeB.isoftenmadeC.haveoftenmadeD.hasoftenmade35.Therestoftheapplesinourclass_______withinhalfanhour.A.issoldoutB.aresoldoutC.wassoldoutD.weresoldout36.“All______presentandall______goingonwell.”ourmonitorsaid.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are37.Therich______notalwayshappy.A.areB.isC.hasD.have38.______canbedone______beendone.A.All;haveB.Allthat;haveC.All;hasD.Allthat;has39.Manyaman_______cometohelpus.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are40.Whatyousaidjustnow_______thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtodoatB.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowithD.hasbeensomethingtowith41.Maryaswellashersisters________ChineseinChina.A.arestudyingB.havestudiedC.studiesD.study42.Noonebutherparents_______it.A.knowB.knowsC.isknowingD.areknowing43.Alice,togetherwiththetwoboys,______forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished44.Everyonehere,includingchildrenandoldpeople,______inforsports.A.goB.goingC.togoD.goes45.I,who______yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.A.beB.amC.areD.is46.ItisIwho______wrong.A.isBamC.areD.is47.Nobirdandnobeast______inthelonelyisland.A.areseenB.isseenC.seeD.sees48.Everymeans______preventthewaterfrom_______.A.areusedto;pollutingB.getusedto;pollutingC.isusedto;pollutedD.isusedto;beingpolluted49.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI______goodatpaintingbothofus_____goodatpainting.A.are;areB.am;areC.is;isD.are;is50.Eitheryourparentsoryourelderbrother______toattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.isB.areC.aregoingD.have51.NeithermyfathernorI______athome.A.amB.isC.areD.be52.Everyboyandeverygirl______toattendtheeveningparty.A.wishB.wishesC.likeD.islike53.Inwinterwetclothes______nearfire.A.oftenhangedupB.areoftenhangedupC.isoftenhungupD.areoftenhungup54.Applesofthiskind________.A.tastesgoodB.tasteswellC.tastegoodD.tastewell55.Yourtrousers______dirty,youmusthave______washed.A.is;itB.are;itC.are;themD.is;them56.Theleaguesecretaryandmonitor______askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.A.isB.wasC.areD.were57.Johnhastwobrothers,buteither_______outofworknow.A.areB.isC.hasD.have58.Theresultsoftheexam______thatyouhaveallmadegreat_______.A.show;