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句子構(gòu)造及成分及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞背面跟賓語時(shí),這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞背面不跟賓語時(shí),此時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。
Thedooropened.
Heopenedthedoor.
Themeetingbeganatsix.<vi.>
Webeganthemeetingatsix.<vt.>指出下列句中斜體動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞還是不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞填vt.,不及物填vi.。Mostbirdscanfly.()Thechildrenareflyingkitesinthepark.()Ithappenedyesterday.()Mywatchstopped.()Thebabystoppedcryingwhenhesawhismother.()Shespokeatthemeetingthismorning.()ShallIbeginatonce?()Shebeganworkingasateacheraftersheleftschool.()()WhendidtheyleaveBeijing?()Theyleftlastweek.()實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞是根據(jù)動(dòng)詞在句子中的含義和作用來劃分的。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也叫行為動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞指的是那些意義完全且能夠獨(dú)立作謂語的動(dòng)詞。如:
Helivesquitenear.(live“住”,有明確的意義,單獨(dú)作謂語,為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)
Ilikereading.(like“喜歡”,意思明確,單獨(dú)作謂語,為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)
Iboughtapenyesterday.(bought“買”,意義明確,單獨(dú)作謂語,為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞的“助”是“協(xié)助”之意。因此,助動(dòng)詞是指那些用來協(xié)助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語調(diào)、疑問句、否認(rèn)句、倒裝句和協(xié)助強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞。這些詞本身無詞匯意義或意義不完全,不能單獨(dú)作謂語。協(xié)助構(gòu)成時(shí)態(tài)的:
Theboyiscrying.Hehasarrived.
Ihavebeenpaintingallday.DoeshelikeEnglish?Hedoesn’thavelunchathome.
Treesareplantedinspring.Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.
amistake.
Sodidhelovehismotherthatheboughthermanypresentsonherbirthday.
協(xié)助構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)意義的
Hedidcomeyesterday.(他昨天確實(shí)來過。did起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用,沒有具體意義,是助動(dòng)詞。)因此能夠看出,常見的助動(dòng)詞為do,be,have,它們?yōu)榛局鷦?dòng)詞。一種詞既能夠作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞也能夠作助動(dòng)詞,具體是哪一種,重要看它們?cè)诰渲械墓π?。Hedidhishomeworkatseveno’clock.Didhedohishomeworkyesterday?Hehashadbreakfast.指出下列斜體單詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞還是助動(dòng)詞。Does()helike()swimming?Hedoes()like()swimming.Wheredoes()helive()?Hedoes()somewashingafterwork.Hehas()had()supperalready.Thebridgehas()been()built()now.Ihave()been()waiting()foryouallday.Hewas()struck()byastone.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞同助動(dòng)詞同樣,不能單獨(dú)作謂語,要和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起作謂語。因此,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞也稱為情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞同基本助動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別在于,基本助動(dòng)詞本身無意義,而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有自己的意義。如:Hecanswimacrosstheriver.Youmuststayathome.Imightleavetomorrow.謂語和非謂語先找出句中的謂語,然后改正句中的錯(cuò)誤,并闡明因素。Getupearlyisgoodforourhealth.Iwantgohomenow.Myfavoritesportisplayfootball.Thereisabirdsingsinthetree.
Theboysitsovertherelikessinging.Thehousewasbuiltlastyearhasbeensoldout.
Thegirlsaresingingovertherearemyclassmates.Myparentswantedhimworkhard.Iremembersawhimthatday.8.Isawhimwalkedintothebuilding.主動(dòng)關(guān)系和被動(dòng)關(guān)系先看下面兩個(gè)題:______wonderful,thiskindoffoodenjoyedagoodsale.
A.Tasted B.Beingtasted
C.Tasting D.HavingtastedThefood______delicioussellswell.
A.smells B.smelled
C.smelling D.issmelling主動(dòng)關(guān)系:
從邏輯關(guān)系上看,相稱于主動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:TheboycryingoverthereisTom.(在那邊哭的那個(gè)男孩)從邏輯上講,theboy…cry,男孩哭,相稱于主動(dòng)語態(tài),是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。被動(dòng)關(guān)系:
從邏輯關(guān)系上看,相稱于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:Thehousebuiltlastyearisthestrongest.(去年建的那座房子)從邏輯上講,thehousewasbuilt,房子被建,相稱于被動(dòng)語態(tài),是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系在判斷與否是賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),普通說,“賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系”。Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney.他讓我借給他某些錢。判斷下列句中畫線部分與否是賓語補(bǔ)足語。(是的填T,不是的填F)Iwanthimtocomeatonce.()Helentmesomemoney.()Hemadetheboycryagain.()Theteacherfoundhimcheatingintheexam.()Don’tleavethedooropenatnight.()復(fù)合構(gòu)造Heinvitedustocometotheparty.It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.Tom’scominglatemadeourteacherangry沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化先看下列三組句中have、do和be的變化形式Ihaveabook
Hehasabook.
Theyhaveabook.IenjoywatchingTV.
YouenjoywatchingTV.
WeenjoywatchingTV.Heissleeping.
Iamsleeping.
Theyaresleeping.“人稱的變化”是指:謂語動(dòng)詞用什么形式,受前面主語是第幾人稱的影響。主語同為單數(shù)(表達(dá)一種人),be在第一人稱I后用am,在you后用are,在he后用is;do和have在一、二人稱后用原形,在第三人稱后用為does,has?!皵?shù)”是指“單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)”?!皵?shù)的變化”是指謂語動(dòng)詞用什么形式,還受前面主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的影響。如果主語是復(fù)數(shù),be要用are的形式,do和have用原形。如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù),be用is,do和have要用does和has。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:He/I/Wecanswim.句子成分主語是一種句子所敘述的主體,普通位于句首,普通由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。
能夠作主語的詞性或語法構(gòu)造:
1.名詞2.代詞3.數(shù)詞4.名詞化的形容詞(如therich)5.不定式6.動(dòng)名詞7.主語從句等表達(dá)。在下面句子的主語下面畫橫線,并說出由什么充當(dāng)。Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.Thatheisn’tathomeisnottrue.改正下列句中的錯(cuò)誤,并闡明因素。Hefailedtheexamisthereasonwhyhedroppedout.Thatwhyhewaslateforschoolwasthathismotherwasill.Beyondthemountainslieasmallvillage.GoneisthedayswhenIhadtogotoschoolonfoot.Playbasketballismyfavoritesport.GiveupEnglishisnotanoption.謂語謂語由動(dòng)詞充當(dāng),闡明主語所做的動(dòng)作或含有的特性和狀態(tài)。謂語的構(gòu)成以下:簡(jiǎn)樸謂語:由一種動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。如:Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.
Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.復(fù)合謂語:由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其它助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。如:
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.
Hehascaughtabadcold.
Mysisteriscryingoverthere.
Ihavebeenwaitingforyouallthetime.
Iwouldstayathomeallday.由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。系動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語,要和表語一起作謂語。如:
Wearestudents.
Yourideasoundsgreat.表語表語多是形容詞,用以闡明主語的身份、特性和狀態(tài),它普通位于系動(dòng)詞(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表語普通由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表達(dá)。畫出下列句中的表語,并闡明由什么充當(dāng)。OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Hishobby(愛好)isplayingfootball.Themachinemustbeunderrepairs.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.賓語賓語由名詞性的詞充當(dāng),表達(dá)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者,普通位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞背面。賓語分為動(dòng)詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓構(gòu)造和介詞構(gòu)造。畫出下列句中的賓語,并闡明由什么充當(dāng)。Theyplantedmanytreesyesterday.(Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?)Ihavefive.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Iwantedtobuyacar.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.賓語補(bǔ)足語英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,除有一種直接賓語以外,還要有一種賓語補(bǔ)語,才干使句子的意義完整。賓語補(bǔ)足語和賓語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。換句話說,在乎思上,賓語相稱于賓補(bǔ)的主語。帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語的普通句型為:某些及物動(dòng)詞(如make等)+賓語+賓補(bǔ)。賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語,并指出是什么詞充當(dāng),同時(shí)體會(huì)賓補(bǔ)和賓語之間的邏輯關(guān)系。HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.Letthefreshairin.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.Iwantyourhomeworkdoneontime.主補(bǔ)對(duì)主語的補(bǔ)充。含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài),賓語作主語時(shí),原來的賓補(bǔ)就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.定語定語是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子,漢語中慣用“……的”表達(dá)。定語普通位于被修飾的成分前。在英語中,許多狀況下,定語是放在所修飾詞背面的,這點(diǎn)與漢語習(xí)慣不同,也是許多同窗不能讀懂長句的重要因素。副詞用作定語普通要后置。Peoplethereareveryfriendly.(那兒的人們)Hedidn’tlikethemandownstairs.(樓下的那個(gè)人)形容詞短語作定語普通放在所修飾詞之后。單個(gè)形容詞作定語普通放在所修飾詞之前,而形容詞短語作定語普通放在所修飾詞之后。Thenextmanisascientist.Themannexttomeisascientist.
(我旁邊的那個(gè)人)介詞短語作定語時(shí)要后置。TheboyunderthetreeisTom.(樹下的那個(gè)男孩)ThetallestboyinourclassisJohn.(我們班最高的那個(gè)男孩)現(xiàn)在分詞短語、過去分詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語常后置。Ihavesomethingtosay.(直譯:我有要說的話)Theboycryingoverthereismyclassmate.(在那邊哭的那個(gè)男孩)Thehousebuiltlastyearisimpressive.(去年建的那座房子)口頭翻譯下列句子,用下劃線標(biāo)出定語部分,留心定語的位置,并闡明定語是由什么詞性或構(gòu)造充當(dāng)。TheletteronthedeskisforMr.Wu.Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.Shecarriedabasketfullofeggs.It’sabookworthnomorethanonedollar.It’sacityfarfromthecoast.Hehasmoneyenoughtobuyacar.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Therearelotsofplacesofinterestneedingrepairinginourcity.AboycallinghimselfJohnwantedtoseeyou.Hepickedupawalletlyingonthegroundonthewaybackhome.Therearemanyclothestobewashed.MostofthesingersinvitedtothepartywerefromAmerica.Thenthegreatdaycamewhenhewastomarchpastthepalaceintheteam.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,闡明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特性的句子成分,叫作狀語。Hewritescarefully.Hewalksslowly.
(認(rèn)真地寫,慢慢地走,修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞,作狀語)Thismaterialisenvironmentallyfriendly.
(修飾形容詞用副詞,作狀語)Herunsveryslowly.
(修飾副詞slowly,因此very是副詞,作狀語)Unfortunately,helostallofhismoney.
(修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞,作狀語)幾個(gè)并列狀語的先后次序:方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間一種句中有幾個(gè)并列狀語時(shí),其次序較靈活,但普通是:方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間。如:Heworkedhardathislessonslastyear.Ifoundalostpenoutsideourschoolyesterdaymorning.Hewaswalkingslowlyoutsidetheparkatthatmoment.頻度副詞often,always,usually,sometimes,never等在句中的位置位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。Youcannevertellwhathewilldo.Heisoftenlate.Heisalwayshelpingothers.Heoftencamelate.狀語按意義分類在句子成分中,主語、謂語、賓語、定語、表語、補(bǔ)語都比較好識(shí)別,如果這幾個(gè)成分都不是,那很可能就是狀語了。因此,狀語的種類諸多,能夠表達(dá)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、因素、目的、成果、程度、條件、方式和讓步等。指出下列畫線部分屬于什么狀語。Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecause
oftherain.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustwork
harder.Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesvery
interestedinbusiness.Theboyneedsapenverymuch.Theboyreallyneedsapen.10.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.11.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.12.Iamtallerthanheis.13.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.14.OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.15.Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsa
pen.同位語同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以闡明的成分,近乎于后置定語。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位語,都是指同一批“學(xué)生”)It’sgoodtousstudents.選擇對(duì)的答案,并口頭說出句中那個(gè)是同位語。Theyoungman,______,worksintheoffice.
A.mebrotherB.mybrotherC.mybrothersD.meOurEnglishteacher,______,oftenhelpsuswithstudy.
A.Mrs.Wang B.Mrs.Wangs
C.Mrs.Wang’s. D.ofhim______,somerailwayworkers,arebusyrepairingthetrain.A.ThemB.TheyC.HeD.Theirs簡(jiǎn)樸句的五種基本構(gòu)造用符號(hào)表達(dá)為:①SV(主+謂)
②SVO(主+謂+賓)
③SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)
④SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
⑤SVP(主+系+表)基本句型一:SV(主+謂)這類句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞,都不帶賓語,但能夠帶狀語。如:Itisrainingnow.(SV)We’veworkedfor5hours.(SV)Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(SV)Timeflies.(SV)分析下列句子成分,并在背面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種。Darkcloudshungoverhead.()Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()Heissmilingalloverhisface.()IdidwellinEnglish.()Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()基本句型二:SVP(主+系+表)系動(dòng)詞重要是be,但尚有某些動(dòng)詞有些時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞,有人稱之為半系動(dòng)詞。如何分辨系動(dòng)詞Shelooksbeautiful.(looks變?yōu)閕s之后,她是美麗的,句意沒有大的變化,looks是系動(dòng)詞。)
Lookatthepicture.(look不能換為be,look為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。)HefeltthebookwithhisrighthandThesilkfeelssoft.分辨下列斜體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。Thedoorstaysopenatnight.Hetastedthefood,andthefoodtasteddelicious.Thebookstillliesopenonthedesk.Whathesaidprovedtrue.Hecan’tprovedhistheory(理論).常見的系動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞
用來表達(dá)主語狀態(tài),只有be一詞。如:
Heisateacher.他是一名教師。持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞
用來表達(dá)主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,重要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。如:
Hekeptsilentatthemeeting.他開會(huì)時(shí)保持沉默。
Thismatterremainsamystery.此事仍是一種謎。
Thefoodstaysfreshinthefridge.
食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。
Thehousestoodemptyforyears.房子空了數(shù)年。
Heliesawakeinbed.他躺在床上,醒著。表“像”系動(dòng)詞
用來表達(dá)“看起來像”這一概念,重要有seem,appear,look。如:
Somethingseemswrong.仿佛出差錯(cuò)了。
Heappearsyoung.他看起來很年輕。感官系動(dòng)詞
感官系動(dòng)詞重要有l(wèi)ook“看起來”,feel“摸起來”,smell“聞起來”,sound“聽起來”,taste“嘗起來”。
Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.
這種布手感很軟。
Thisflowersmellsverysweet.
這朵花聞起來很香。變化系動(dòng)詞
這些系動(dòng)詞表達(dá)主語變成什么樣。變化系動(dòng)詞重要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。
Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后,他瘋了。
Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.
她沒多長時(shí)間就富了。
Hefellillyesterday.他昨天病了。
Eggsgobadeasilyinsummer.蛋夏天容易變壞。
Hisfacewentred.他的臉變紅了。
Whathehaddreamtofcametrue.
他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
Stillwatersrundeep.靜水流深。終止系動(dòng)詞
表達(dá)主語已終止動(dòng)作,重要有prove,turnout,體現(xiàn)“證明”,“變成”之意。如:
Therumorprovedfalse.這謠言證明有假。
Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.
他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。(turnout表終止性成果)
Whathepredictedturnedout(tobe)wrong.
他預(yù)言的成果是錯(cuò)的。用下畫線畫出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞。Hisadviceprovedright.Theshopstaysopentill8o’clock.Themachinewentwrong.Alltheseeffortsseeminvain.Thesewordssoundreasonable.Theroomsoonbecamecrowded.Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.Hefellillyesterday.Treesturngreeninspring.Whatyousaidsoundsgreat.在一種英語單句中,普通狀況要有謂語動(dòng)詞要注意:介詞短語和形容詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語,要和系動(dòng)詞一起作謂語。改錯(cuò):①Ourschoolverybeautifulandwelikeitverymuch.②Yourbookonthedesk.基本句型三:SVO(主+謂+賓)此構(gòu)造是由“主語+及物動(dòng)詞(詞組)+賓語”構(gòu)成。如:ShelikesEnglish.Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmyesterday.用下畫線畫出下列句中的賓語。PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Jimcannotdresshimself.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.Hejustwantedtostayathome.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.基本句型四:SVoO(主+謂+間賓+直賓)有些及物動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語,如:give“給”,pass“遞”,bring“帶”,show“顯示”。這兩個(gè)賓語普通一種指人,為間接賓語;一種指物,為直接賓語。間接賓語普通位于直接賓語之前。普通的次序?yàn)椋簞?dòng)詞+間接賓語+直接賓語。如:Hegavemeacupoftea.(SVoO)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語次序?yàn)椋?/p>
動(dòng)詞+直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如:
ShowthishousetoMr.Smith.若直接賓語為人稱代詞:動(dòng)詞+代詞直接賓語+介詞+間接賓語。如:Bringittome,please.(不能說Bringmeit,please.)常跟雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有:(需借助to的)allow,bring,deny,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,offer,owe,pass,pay,permit,promise,read,refuse,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,write等。(需借助for的)buy,choose,fetch,get,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,spare等。普通用to多些,用for的記住慣用的三個(gè)就行:get,buy,make。HesentmeanEnglish-ChineseDictionary.=HesentanEnglish-ChineseDictionarytome.SheboughtJohnabook.=SheboughtabookforJohn.分析下列句子成分,口頭說出間接賓語和直接賓語。Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.Hebroughtyouadictionary.Hedenieshernothing.Ishowedhimmypictures.Igavemycarawash.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.基本句型五:SVOC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))此句型的句子特點(diǎn)是:動(dòng)詞即使是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一種賓語還不能體現(xiàn)完整的意思,必須加上一種補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才干使意思完整。分析下列句子并劃分成分,在背面的括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明是什么充當(dāng)句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.Theyappointedhimmanager.()2.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.()3.Hepushedthedooropen.()4.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.()5.Whatmakeshimthinkso?()6.Wesawhimout.()7.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.()8.Isawthemgettingonthebus.()9.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.()10.I’llhavemybikerepaired.()11.Weelectedhimmonitor.()12.Don’tkeepthelightsburning.()therebe句型此句型是由“there+be+主語+狀語”構(gòu)成,用以體現(xiàn)“存在有”。它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種狀況,主語位于謂語動(dòng)詞be之后,there僅為引導(dǎo)詞(也有看作形式主語的),并無實(shí)際意義。be與其后的主語在人稱和數(shù)上一致,有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。現(xiàn)在時(shí)
thereis/are…
過去時(shí)
therewas/were…
將來時(shí)
therewillbe…/thereis/aregoingtobe...
完畢時(shí)
therehas/havebeen…
可能有
theremightbe...
必定有
theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...
過去曾經(jīng)有
thereusedtobe…
似乎有
thereseem/seems/seemedtobe…
恰巧有
therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…可用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等詞替代be動(dòng)詞。此時(shí)還表達(dá)存在有,但表意要更具體某些。如:Therelivedanoldmanatthefootofthemountain.
Therecameashoutfor“help”.
Thereexistsnoaironthemoon.
Thereliesabookonthedesk.
Therestandsatreeonthehill.______acertaindoubtamongthestudentsastothenecessityofthework.
A.Itexisted B.Thereexisted
C.Theyhad D.Therehad
A.Therestand;at
B.Therestands;under
C.Standsthere;under
D.Therestands;at答案:B,Dtherebe與have的區(qū)別therebe…“某地有某物,某時(shí)有某事”;have表達(dá)“某人擁有某物”。改錯(cuò):Therehasabookonthedesk.Therewillhaveameetingthisevening.答案:①把has改為is;②把have改為be。
提示:沒有therehave這種表達(dá)“有”的辦法。簡(jiǎn)樸句、并列句和復(fù)合句
句子按構(gòu)造可分為簡(jiǎn)樸句、并列句和復(fù)合句。簡(jiǎn)樸句只有一種主語(或并列主語)和一種謂語(或并列謂語)。如:HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.
TomandMikeareAmericanboys.
Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.(畫線部分為并列謂語,只有一種主語,仍為簡(jiǎn)樸句。)并列句由并列連詞(and,but,or等)或分號(hào)(;)把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)樸句連在一起構(gòu)成。要注意,逗號(hào)是不能夠連接句子的,這一點(diǎn)和漢語不同。如:Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.
Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.
前途是光明的,道路是波折的。表達(dá)連接兩個(gè)同等概念,慣用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。
Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.
Henotonlystolemymoney,buthealsotookmywatchaway.表達(dá)選擇,慣用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。
Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折,慣用的連詞有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。
Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.表達(dá)因果關(guān)系,慣用的連詞有so,for,therefore等。
Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.復(fù)合句復(fù)合句含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂構(gòu)造,其中一種主謂構(gòu)造作另一種的成分。(而并列句的兩個(gè)主謂構(gòu)造間是并列關(guān)系,而不是附屬關(guān)系。)Itiswrong.(只有一種主謂構(gòu)造,是簡(jiǎn)樸句。)
Whathesaidiswrong.
(whathesaid,是一種主謂構(gòu)造,he為主語,said為謂語,what是賓語。Whathesaidiswrong.是另外一種主謂構(gòu)造,Whathesaid作主語,是主語從句;iswrong系表構(gòu)造作謂語。因此,本句是復(fù)合句。)Theboyoverthereismybrother.(只有一種主謂構(gòu)造,是簡(jiǎn)樸句。)
Theboywhoiswearingahatismybrother.
(Theboyoverthereismybrother.只有一種主謂構(gòu)造,是簡(jiǎn)樸句。當(dāng)overthere變?yōu)閣hoiswearingahat時(shí)(也是一種主謂構(gòu)造),整個(gè)句子就變成了復(fù)合句,whoiswearingahat是定語從句。)Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatsix.(只有一種主謂構(gòu)造,是簡(jiǎn)樸句。)
Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenhecamein.判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)樸句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。Weoftens
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