免疫學(xué)第二章 免疫組織和器官2012

第二章免疫器官和免疫組織中樞免疫器官：骨髓，胸腺。外周免疫器官：淋巴結(jié)，脾臟,黏膜相關(guān)淋巴組織。初級(jí)淋巴濾泡與生發(fā)中心：B細(xì)胞定居和免疫應(yīng)答人體免疫器官和免疫組織CentralImmuneOrgans：

whereimmunocytesgenerate、proliferate、differentiate.(一)．Bonemarrow：wherehematopoieticstemcellsproliferate、develop、mature；generateB（expressingAgR）.Stromalstemcells:todifferentiateintomanykindsoftissues,i.e.nervoustissue.Hematopoieticstemcells:WBCs,RBCs,&platelets(thrombocytes).

2．Thymus：whereTproliferate、differentiate、mature（expressingAg、MHC、CD&R）.ThymusDN-double-negativethymocytesDP

-double-positivethymocytesSP-single-positivethymocytespTECs-progenitorthymicepithelialcellsmTECs

-maturemedullarythymicepithelialcellscTECs

-corticalthymicepithelialcells裸鼠先天性胸腺發(fā)育不全(DiGeorge綜合癥):T細(xì)胞先天發(fā)育障礙、缺乏。2PeripheralImmuneOrgans

：1．Lymphnode：T(75%)2．Spleen：T(35%).3．Mucosa-associated

LymphoidTissues：locatedwithintheliningofthemajortracts(respiratory、digestive&genitourinarytracts).localimmunity&humoralimmunity(sIgA)ComposedmostlyofTcells,Bcells,dendriticcellsandmacrophages.Antigensarefilteredoutofthelymphinthelymphnodebeforereturningthelymphtothecirculation.LymphnodesThelymphnodesfunctionasanimmunologicfilterforthebodilyfluidknownaslymph.

組織中的淋巴細(xì)胞初級(jí)淋巴結(jié)次級(jí)淋巴結(jié)

主淋巴管

進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)左鎖骨下靜脈

胸導(dǎo)管

HEV血淋巴細(xì)胞穿出HEV進(jìn)入外周淋巴組織并參加淋巴循環(huán)，在血液和淋巴液之間循環(huán)1周約需24小時(shí)淋巴細(xì)胞再循環(huán)：HEV→淋巴結(jié)→輸出淋巴管→胸導(dǎo)管→左鎖骨下靜脈→血循環(huán)高內(nèi)皮毛細(xì)血管后靜脈(highendothelialvenule,highwalledendotheliumofthepost-capillaryVenues)

紅髓白髓生發(fā)中心小動(dòng)脈周?chē)馨颓食跫?jí)淋巴濾泡邊緣區(qū)脾臟(Spleen)Thespleenisthebiggestperipheral