Unit+1+science+and+scientists+復習導學案 高三英語一輪復習人教版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

XB2Unit1scienceandscientists語境背單詞Cholera

isaninfectiousdiseasecausedby

germs.Peoplewhoare

infected

withthisdiseasewillsufferfrom

severediarrhoea，dehydration

andevendeath.Asayoungdoctor，JohnSnowfeltalittle

frustrated

atfirst，buthewasdeterminedtodefeat“KingCholera”

onceandforall.Therewerethentwo

contradictory

theoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Snow

subscribedto

thecorrecttheorythatcholerawascausedbyan

infection

fromgermsinfoodorwater.ButSnowneeded

proof

and

findings.Ithappenedthatcholera

brokeout

inLondonin1854，andSnowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthattherewere

multiple

deathsinsome

households

nearthe

waterpump

inBroadStreet.Thisshowedtherewasa

link

betweenthecasesofcholeraandthewater.Snow

suspected

thatthewaterpumpwasto

blame，sohehadthe

handle

ofthewaterpumpremoved.

Thanksto

Snow’s

intervention，peoplebegantodrink

pure

waterinsteadof

raw

water.Thus，therewasa

substantialdecrease

inthethreatofcholera.Furthermore，inhisuseofmapsand

statistics，Snow

transformed

thewayscientistsstudydiseases.His

thinking

and

concept

ondiseasewerequitenovelatthattime.Therefore，Snowisconsideredthefatherofmodern

epidemiology.霍亂是一種由細菌引起的傳染病。感染這種疾病的人會嚴重

腹瀉、脫水甚至死亡。作為一名年輕的醫(yī)生，約翰?

斯諾一開始感到有點沮喪，但他決心徹底擊敗“霍亂王”。當時有兩種截然不同的理論來解釋霍亂是如何傳播的。斯諾贊同正確的理論，即霍亂是由食物或水中的細菌感染引起的。但斯諾需要證據(jù)和調查結果。1854

年倫敦恰巧暴發(fā)了霍亂，斯諾開始調查。他發(fā)現(xiàn)寬街水泵附近的一些住戶有多人死亡，這說明霍亂病例與飲用水有關聯(lián)。斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍首，于是他讓人把水泵的把手拆掉了。多虧了斯諾的干預，人們開始飲用純凈水而不是原水。因此，霍亂的威脅大幅

降低。此外，斯諾利用地圖和統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，改變了科學家研究疾病的方式。他對疾病的思考和觀念在當時是相當新穎的。因此，斯諾被認為是現(xiàn)代流行病學之父。Doctorsuse

microscopes

toobserve

cells，germs，

viruses

or

proteins

incells，while

astronomers

lookatstarsandstudy

astronomy

through

telescopes.Atheorymaybe

abstract，butresearchworkneedstohavea

solid，concrete

or

vividtheoreticalframework.

Besides

JohnSnow，itisworthmentioningQianXuesen，thefatherofChina’s

aerospace

industry.Hewasan

outstanding，

gifted

and

patriotic

scientist.Atfirst，hestudiedrailway

mechanical

engineering.Inorderto

defend

China’sairspace，he

shifted

hismajorto

aviation.WhilestudyingintheUnitedStates，QianXuesenwasagraduate

assistant，studying

jet

androckettechnology.AfterreturningtoChina，hewasput

inchargeof

developingChina’srocketscienceanditsspaceand

missile

programme.UnderQian’s

leadership，China’saerospaceindustrymade

steady

progressandachieved

initial

success.Nowlet’schangethesubject.Hereisapictureofa

brilliantrainbow

afteraheavyrain.Thereisamanstandingoverthere.Therainbow

casts

different

shadows

oftheman.

Aboveall，themoonishanginginthesky，butthesunhasnotyetset.Canyoufind

fault

withthispicture?醫(yī)生用顯微鏡觀察細胞、細菌、病毒或細胞中的蛋白質，而天文學家則用望遠鏡觀察星體和研究天文學。理論可能是抽象的，

但研究工作需要有一個堅實、具體或生動的

理論框架。除了約翰?

斯諾，值得一提的是“中國航天之父”錢學森。他是一位杰出的、有天賦的、愛國的科學家。起初，他學習鐵道機械工程。為了保衛(wèi)中國的領空，他轉到了航空專業(yè)。在美國留學期間，錢學森是一名研究生助理，研究噴氣式飛機和火箭技術?；貒?，他被任命負責發(fā)展中國的火箭科學及其太空和導彈項目。在錢學森的領導下，中國航天事業(yè)穩(wěn)步發(fā)展，初見成效?，F(xiàn)在咱們換個話題吧。這是一幅大雨過后的絢麗的

彩虹圖。有一個人站在那邊。彩虹

投射出這個人不同的影子。尤其是，天空中掛著月亮，但太陽還沒有落山。你能找出這幅畫的錯誤嗎？單詞派生1.adj.相互矛盾的;對立的;不一致的→vt.反駁;矛盾

2.n.感染;傳染→vt.使感染;傳染

3.n.證據(jù);證明;檢驗→vt.證明

4.n.介入;出面;干涉→vi.介入;干涉

5.adj.干凈的;純的;純粹的→v.凈化

6.adj.大量的;價值巨大的;重大的→n.物質;物品;事實根據(jù)

7.vt.使改觀;使改變形態(tài)vi.改變;轉變→n.改變;轉換

8.n.思想;思維;見解→v.認為;思考

9.n.發(fā)現(xiàn);調查結果;(法律)判決→v.發(fā)現(xiàn)

10.adj.最初的;開始的;第一的→adv.起初

11.adj.機械的;發(fā)動機的;機器的→n.機械師;機械修理工

12.vt.保衛(wèi);防守;辯解→n.防御;保衛(wèi)

13.n.助理;助手→vt.幫助;協(xié)助→n.幫助;協(xié)助;援助

14.adj.有天賦的;有天才的;天資聰慧的→n.禮物;天賦

15.adj.穩(wěn)定的;平穩(wěn)的;穩(wěn)步的→adv.平穩(wěn)地;持續(xù)地

16.n.天文學家→n.天文學

17.adj.生動的;鮮明的;豐富的→adv.生動地

基礎知識鞏固Ⅰ.單詞小測1.Withsolid,thelawyercancertainlythatheisinnocent.(prove)

2.,Ientirelyknewaboutthestepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)

3.He,an,cametomy;thatistosay,hemeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)

4.Theirdaughterhasaforlanguagewhiletheirsonisapianist.(gift)

5.HedescribedwhathesawinLondon,givingusapictureaboutpeople’slifethere.(vivid)

Ⅱ.短語小測Inhumanhistory,everytimeanepidemic1.(爆發(fā)),manypeoplewill2.(患病)withit.3.(多虧)theeffortsofthoseexpertswhoare4.(主管)handlingit,theepidemiccanbedefeated5.(徹底地).However,mostexperts6.(贊同)theviewthatnewepidemicswilloccur.So7.(最重要的是),weshouldstrengthenourimmunesystemtoresistdiseases.

Ⅲ.句型小測——高考情景仿寫1.他身體虛弱得幾乎站不起來了。Hewashecouldhardlystandup.

2.可怕的地震似乎把一切都摧毀了。everythingwasdestroyedbytheterribleearthquake.

3.她今天不上班,所以她終于可以請人把空調修理一下了。Sheisoffworktodaysoshecaneventually.

單元鞏固練習Ⅰ.單詞小測1.Themoon(cast)brightlightoverthegardenwhenIsawthroughthewindow.

2.Shelistened,(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.

3.Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff,tearsofhappiness(pour)downJane’scheeks.

4.Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathewassuspectedstealingmoney.

5.Allofthemblamedthemistakeme,whichmademequitefrustrated.

6.(2020·浙江卷)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalytical(think),planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage.

7.(四川卷)Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof(infect).

8.(全國Ⅱ卷)FrankHurley,aconfidentand(gift)AustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages.

9.(全國Ⅱ卷)HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteaching(assist)inclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.

Ⅱ.短語填空aboveall,thanksto,ingeneral,subscribeto,breakout,inchargeof,betoblame,onceandforall,belinkedto,comedown1.Pleasebelieveus.Wearesuretosettlethematter.

2.Itisreportedthatateamconsistingoffiveexpertswillbetheclub.

3.Don’tgoandaskforherideaaboutourplan.Neverwillsheitforthetrip.

4.“thefinancialaid,Icancontinuemystudyingatschool,”shetoldthenewswebsiteRedNet.

5.Theywatched,amazedasfireontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth’sgravityincreased.

6.Weshouldoftenexchangeideaswithourparents,whoarerichinexperience,and,loveusmostintheworld.

7.Don’talwaysblameyourfailureonothers,sometimesyouyourself.

8.Thereisconvincingevidencethatskincancerexposuretothesun.

9.Sincehewiththedisease,heshiftedtheemphasisawayfromworktolife.

10.Althoughthecitypreservesagoodlook,someofitsheritagewasdestroyedinWorldWarⅡ.

Ⅲ.單元語法專練1.Thequestionisheistoblame.

2.Myadviceisyoushouldhandletheprobleminanewway.

3.Thefactwashedidn’treallytry.

4.Thequestioniswillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.

5.Takingayearofffromschooltotravelabroadisisgenerallycalledagapyear.

Ⅳ.話題微寫作【寫作素材】1.大量的證據(jù)和數(shù)據(jù)表明,許多嚴重的疾病可以用中醫(yī)治療。中醫(yī)在中國有著悠久的歷史。(定語從句)2.多虧了這種藥,許多病毒得到了控制,許多疑難病癥甚至被徹底地治愈了。(handle,havesthdone)3.許多人贊同中醫(yī)。(subscribeto)4.一些人仍然懷疑它的巨大價值,并把責任歸咎于它。(suspect;blame)5.他們堅定地認為,這只是單純的初步治療。(thinking)【連句成篇】將以上句子連成一篇語言流暢、用詞準確、邏輯嚴密的短文。

Keys:單詞派生1.contradictory;contradict2.infection;of;ervention;intervene5.pure;purify6.substantial;substance7.transform;transformation8.thinking;think9.finding;find10.initial;initially11.mechanical;mechanic12.defend;defense/defence13.assistant;assist;assistance14.gifted;gift15.steady;steadily16.astronomer;astronomy17.vivid;vividly基礎知識鞏固Ⅰ.1.proof;prove2.Initially;init