語法課件非謂語動詞

非謂語動詞1.不定式todo2.現(xiàn)在分詞doing3.過去分詞done不定式todo：動作發(fā)生在謂語之后1.作定語e.g.:wehavemuchworktodo.2.狀語Thisisdifficulttounderstand.3.主語Toliveistowork.Toerrishuman;toforgive,divine.4.表語Hisjobistoteachenglish.5.賓語補足語Asktomtogoback.1.動詞+賓語object+todo1).want,ask,helpexpect,beg,mean,wouldlike,wouldpreferHedoesn’twanttoknow.Hedoesn’twantanybodytoknow.2).tell,remind,force,enable,teach,order,warn,invite,persuade,getCanyouremindmetophoneAnntomorrow?Jimsaidtheswitchwasdangerousandwarnedmenottotouchit.Notice:suggest后不跟不定式JanesuggestedthatIshouldbuyadress.2.兩種結(jié)構(gòu),+doing/todo.Advise,mend,encourageallowpermitforbid.1).V+doingIwouldn’tmendstayinginthathotel.Shedoesn’tallowsmokinginthehouse.2).V+object+todoIwouldn’tmendanyonetostayinthathotel.Shedoesn’tallowustosmokeinthehouse.Trycomparing:Smokingisn’tallowedinthehouse.Wearen’tallowedtosmokeinthehouse.3.形容詞adj+toItis+adj(forsb)+todoItisimportanttodosomesports.Shewasreluctanttoaccepthisinvitation.Yourwritingisimpossibletoread.=itisimpossibletoreadit.Itisnice(ofyou)todosth.Itwasniceofyoutotakemetothestation.Kindcleversensiblemeansillystupidcareless4.放在代詞（what,who,which)或副詞（how,when,where)連詞whether之后Iwonderwhotoinvite=whoIshouldinvite.ShowuswhattodoIdon’tknowwhethertoanswerhisletter.(if)Whynotaskhim?(exceptional)5.獨立成分Tobeginwith,totellthetruth,tomakealongstoryshort,sotospeak,tobebrief/frank/honest,tosaynothingof,tosaytheleasttomakealongstoryshort,heisinhospitalnow.6.Tohavedone.(不定式的完成式).

動作發(fā)生在謂語之前Tohaveknownherisaprivilege.ThegamewasoriginallyscheduledtohavetakenplaceinRome.Thehouseseemstohavebeenbuiltbyanexcellentarchitect.被動表示打算，需要，計劃等動詞后，表示本打算做但事實上沒實現(xiàn)的動作。(過去沒完成的動作)Mean,intend,think,plan,hope,wish,proposeImeanttohavetelephoned,butIforgot.7.不定式被動式tobedone1.thebookisintendedtobereadandnottobetorn.Givemealistofpeopletoinvite/tobeinvited.Thecasestobeinvestigatedarenottobemadepublicinpress.We’vegotalotofcasestoinvestigate.Thequestiontobediscussedatthenextmeetingwillbeahardnuttocrack.7.too…toTheboxistooheavyformetoevenmove.Exceptional:Too前有only,but,all,really修飾是，表肯定Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.

動詞不定式省略TO的情況MakeHearListentoFeelSeeWatchHaveLetThecustomsofficermadesallyopenhercase.Passivevoice:sallywasmade

toopenhercasebythecustomsofficer.Gerund(動名詞）：具有名詞特征主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式doingBeingdone完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone1主語

tryingwithoutsuccessisbetterthannottryingatall.2.表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Seeingisbelieving.Themaintaskofourgovernmentiseliminatingpoverty,diseaseandilliteracy.3.定語Swimmingpool4.賓語Iobjecttochildrenbeingsenttoanurseryatsuchanearlyage.5.同位語Hisambition,conqueringthewholeworld,hasneverbeenfulfilled.只用動名詞的情況FinishenjoysuggestpractiseMindExcuseConsiderFeellikeImagineRiskAvoidputoffgiveupkeeponcan’thelp/resist(can’thelpbutdo,cann’tchoosebutdo)Beworthdoing,beworthyofbeingdone/tobedonebebusydoing1.itisnouse…./itisnogood

doingsth.Thereisnopointindoing.Itis(not)worthdoingThereisnothingyoucandoaboutthesituation,soitisnouseworryingaboutit.Thereisnopointinhavingacarifyouneveruseit.Wasthefilmworthseeing?Didyouhaveanydifficultygettingavisa?WehavealotoffuncyclingaroundthePearlRiver.2.Havedifficulty/trouble/problem/alotoffun/ahardtime/doingsth

3.Awasteofmoney…/awasteoftimeItwasawasteofmoneybuyingthingsyoudon’tneed.Hespenthourstryingtorepairtheclock.Shewastoobusydoingotherthings.4.動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),做主語或賓語Tom’cominghomeatlastwasagreatconsolation.Doyoumindmymakingasuggestion:?Itisnousehimarguingwithhisboss.IamannoyedaboutJohnforgettingtopay.6.havingdone

表示已完成的行為

HenarrowlyescapedbeingrunOver.Hedeniedhavingbeenthere.Hepridedhimselfonhavingneverbeenbeateninchess.特殊情況NeedWant+doingRequire

被動Need/want/requiretobedoneEg:1.Ineedtoworkharder.=Itisnecessaryformetoworkharder.2.sthneedsdoing=sthneedstobedone.Thebatteriesintheradioneedchanging.=Theyneedtobechanged.用need和下列詞組造句.Shoes/polishshirt/irontyre/mend

Trousers/shortendoor/paintpencil/sharpenEg:Thepencilneedssharpenig.2.3.4.56Dreadgoing,fanciestakingup,adorealimbing,Detestgettingstuck,feellikehaving,can’tbearbeingtold,giveupplaying,carryondriving.1.A:theygotothemountainseveryweekend.B:yes,they__________2.A:ohdear,onlyanother3days’holidaysB:yes,I_________________backtoschool.3.A:oh,justlookatthetrafficahead.B:oh,no.I__________intrafficjams4.A:let’sstopforsthtoeat.There’sarestaurantinafewmilesB:Idon’tknow.Ithinkweshould_______andgethomeasquicklyaspossible.5.A:sheisaverygoodactress,andshe’sonly15,youknow.B:yes,shereally_____actingasacareer.6.A:jackhatesbeinginthearmy.B:yes,he________whattodoallthetime.7.A:mygradfatehr’snearlyeightyandhestillenjoysagameoftennis.B:Idon’tthinkhe‘llever_____8.A:areyoutakingaholidaythissummer?B:Ihopeso.Icertainly________acoupleofweeksoff.用下列動詞的不定式或ing形式填空。Enjoyknocklearnphoneplayrainshoutstay1.istarted_____frenchwhenIwenttoschool2.itried______PeterandMollythreetimes,buttherewasnoanswer.3.itisawfullycoldwinter,butthekidsstilllove____outsideinthesnow.4.theweatherwasfinewhenwesetoff,butitsoonstarted_______5.i’llbeinmyoffice.don’tbother_____,justcomestraightin.6.Joejustlosthistemperandbegan______ateveryone.7.itisapitywehavetogohomenow.wewerejustbeginning______ourselves.8.wedon’tgooutmuchintheevening.Weprefer_____athome.分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,有形容詞和動詞作用Doyouknowthemancarryingalotofbooks?Heisanattackingplayer.Astandingcommittee常務(wù)委員會Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.=alittlechildwholearnstowalkoftenfalls.現(xiàn)在分詞的三種形式主動式1.doing2.havingdone3.nothavingdone被動式BeingdoneHavingbeendoneNothavingbeendone同時發(fā)生:同一個主語的兩個行為同時發(fā)生時,其中一個可用doing形式1.Walkinginthestreet,Imetoneofmyfriends.(whenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Imetoneofmyfriends.)2.Amanranoutofthehouse,shouting.(先后)3.Whilehelpinganimals,wewillbehelpingourselves,too.Havingdone:一個行為發(fā)生在另一個行為之前1.Havingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.=Afterhavingfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.(Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.)Havingdone的否定式Nothavingheardfromherhusband,shebegantoworryabouthim.Beingdone:doing的被動式Thebridgebeingbuiltcostalotofmoney.Beingawayfromhomeatanearlyage,childrencandevelopindependence,selfconfidenceandsocialskills.Havingbeendone:havingdone的被動式Havingbeencaughtintherain,hegotacold.Havingbeendone的否定式NothavingbeenadmittedbyHKuniversity,hewentabroadforfurtherstudy.Ing的特殊用法表示解釋某事或說明原因,常放句首Feelingtired,Iwenttobed.(becauseIfelttired.)Beingunemployed,hehasn’tgotmuchmoney.Nothavingacar,shefindsitdifficulttogetaround.Havingalreadyseenthefilmtwice,Ididn’twanttogotothecinema.過去分詞done表示被動意義

Givenmoretime,wecandoitbetter.ThepornographyspreadbytheInternethascorruptedthemindsoftheyoungpeople.Withoutstrictdiscipline,childrenareunlikelytobewell-behaved.Manypedestriansarepenalizedaccordingtothenewlyissuedregulations.Keptinzoos,somerareanimalscanenjoybetterlivingconditionsandprofessionalcareandtreatment.weoftenfindourselvescaughtinadilemmawhetherweshouldsendourchildrentoaboardingschooloradayschool.Televisionnotonlypresentsavividworldtous,butalsokeepsuswell-informed.Deeplyinfluencedbyexcessivepornographyandviolenceonthenet,someteenagersgoastray.1.hepreferstostayhere___gohome.A.thantob.ratherthanc.ratherthantod.than2.Icouldn’tdoanythingbut___thereandhope.A.justsitb.justsittingc.justtositd.justtositting3.whyshouldanyonebother___histreasuretohelpastranger?A.riskingtoloseb.torisklosingc.riskinglosingdtorisktolose

5.hecan’thelp___afterheheardthenews.A.burstingintotearsb.burstintotears.C.burstingouttearsd.burstoutcrying6.___thedemandsofaerospace,medicine,andagriculture,engineersarecreatingexoticnewmetallicsubstances.A.meet,bbeingmetarec,tomeetd.theyaremeeting7.thelocalhealthorganizationisreported__twentyyearsagowhenDr.smithsbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupb.beingsetupc.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup.8.In1938PearlS,Buckbecamethefirstamericanwoman___theNoblelprizeforliterature.A.receiveb.receivedc,toreceived.shereceived.9.itisawasteoftime___withsuchasillyfellow.A.tryingtoreasonb.triedtoreasonC,fortryingtoreasond.totryingreasoning10.Idon’tthinkyouwillhaveanydifficulty___adrivinglicense.A..Forgettingb.togetc.havinggotd.getting11.tedhastoldmethathealwaysescapes____ashehasgotaveryfastsportscar.A.tofine,b.Tobefinedc.beingfinedd.havingbeenfined.12.Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,____inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.A.tobedesertedb.havingdesertedC,tohavebeendesertedd.havingbeendeserted13.onlyasmallportionofcollegeyouthhaveactuallybeendraftedandsenttofightinVietnam,as___tothenation‘spreviouswars.A.comparedb.comparingc,comparisond.beingcompared.14