新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練高考題型組合練第6組組合練(十六)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五 (含解析)

第六組人與自然(二)——災(zāi)害防范和宇宙探索常見(jiàn)話題詞匯：explore，spacecraft，spaceship，launch，satellite，transmit，leap，giant，orbit，spacewalk，dock，signal，float，solarsystem，facility，globe，fatal，analysis，desire，monitor，mystery，onboard，frontier，gravity，astronaut，rescue，victim，seriousness，shortage，typhoon，natural，universe，vehicle，rocket，intelligent，exploration，presence，surface，observation，measurement，planet，survive，existence，damage，breathe，struggle，remove，amazing，conscious，washaway，shelter，electricity，damage，destroy，government，plant，balance，trap，overcome，district，disaster，mission，experiment組合練(十六)閱讀理解主題練閱讀理解＋閱讀七選五Ⅰ.閱讀理解ATheBestNationalParkstoVisitinWinterWhilemostparkstendtodrawfamiliesinthesummerandfall，therearealsoidealspotsforadventurouswintertrips.YellowstoneNationalPark，WyomingThecountry’soldestandbest-knownnationalparktakesonanalmostotherworldlyatmosphereinwinter：theairfilledwithrollingsteam，thestrongcolorsofhotsprings，thesurroundingwhitelandscapes，letalonetheimpressivewildlifeduringthistime，likebison，wolves，andplayfulredfoxes.Justbookaguidedhikingtourtogetaranger’sperspectiveontheparkandlocalpeople.JoshuaTreeNationalPark，CaliforniaWithitsgiantredrocksanduniquetrees，you’llfeellikesteppingontoaforeignplanetasyouspendhourshikingthePanoramaLooporMazeLoop.TheparkisrecognizedasanInternationalDarkSkyPark，featuringvirtuallyzerolightpollutionandthecountry’sbestviewsofastarrysky.GrandCanyonNationalPark，ArizonaAsignificantlylowernumberofvisitorsinwintermeansyoucantakeinunblockedviewsoftheSouthRim，andgettoseetherarebeautyoftheGrandCanyondustedwithsnow.Forthoseadventurousanddaring，itisrecommendedtohiketheBrightAngelTrailandtakethechancetoseethecanyon’swintertimewildlife，includingmuledeer，elk，andbaldeagles.VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.JohnSurprise！Notallwintertimenationalparktripsneedtoinvolvesnow.VirginIslandsNationalParkismostfamousforitswhite-sandbeaches.Youcanalsohikeinlandtovisitoldsugarplantations，orventureouttothewatertoswimalongwithseaturtlesandmantarays.Youwilldefinitelyenjoyadifferentwinterhere.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了美國(guó)四個(gè)冬季最好的國(guó)家公園。)1．Whichparkwillonechooseifhe/sheisinterestedinstars?A．YellowstoneNationalPark.B．JoshuaTreeNationalPark.C．GrandCanyonNationalPark.D．VirginIslandsNationalPark.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第二句可知，如果對(duì)星星感興趣，應(yīng)該選擇JoshuaTreeNationalPark。故選B。2．WhatdoweknowabouttheGrandCanyonNationalPark?A．WecanhaveapoorviewoftheSouthRimthere.B．Itliesinanareawithrollingsteamandhotsprings.C．Thereisaslightdeclineinvisitornumbersinwinter.D．TheBrightAngelTrailischallengingincoldweather.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句可知，在GrandCanyon國(guó)家公園，TheBrightAngelTrail在寒冷的天氣具有挑戰(zhàn)性。故選D。3．Whichactivityismentionedinalloftheparks?A．Hiking. B．Skiing.C．Swimming. D．Hunting.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)YellowstoneNationalPark，Wyoming部分中最后一句、JoshuaTreeNationalPark，California部分中第一句、GrandCanyonNationalPark，Arizona部分中第二句和VirginIslandsNationalPark，St.John部分中第三句可知，所有的公園都提到了徒步旅行。故選A。BMorethanathirdofsmalltownsinGeorgialostpopulationinthelastyearalone，highlightingthechallengesofrevivingruralareas.Newcensus(人口普查)estimatesshowthatCamillafellbelow5,000residents.Sparksfellbelow2,000，andMilanfellto661residentsforalossof7%ofitspopulation.AllthreetownsareinSouthGeorgia.Manyoftheyoungpeopleinthesecommunitiesgraduatefromhighschoolanddon’tcomeback.“Theygotocollege，whatever，theydon’tcomeback，”saidDavidBridges，headofitsCenterforRuralProsperityandInnovationinTifton.Meanwhile，Georgia’scitiesaregrowing，havingnoproblemdrawingpeoplefromsmalltownsandothercities.Atlantagrewmorethan1%inthepastyearandisnownearingthehalf-million-residentmark.Thetrendofpeoplemovingfromruraltourbanareasishardlyanewone—it’sbeengoingonworldwideformorethanacentury.Butcontinuedpopulationlosseshaveraisedquestionsaboutwhetherruralareascandoanythingtoreversethetide.Ruralresidentscanfaceanumberofchallengesincludingaccesstogoodjobs，transportationandhealthcare.Manufacturingjobshavedriedupinmanyplaces，whilemodernizationandnewtechnologymeansfewerpeopleareneededforfarming.Andmanypeoplearedecidingtohavesmallerfamiliesthanwastypicalacenturyago.“Theoldergenerationisdying，theyoungergenerationismovingaway，andbecausethereareperceivedtobefewerbusinessopportunities，financialopportunities，etc.It’sverychallengingtogetinboundpopulation，”Bridgessaid.Demographers(人口學(xué)家)expecttheshiftfromruraltourbantocontinue.ButtherearesomebrightspotsinruralAmericastill.JacksonCountynearAthenswasrecentlynamedoneofthefastest-growingcountiesinthenationbytheCensusBureau.Amazonopenedalargefulfillmentcenterthereacoupleofyearsago.AndYoungHarris，neartheGeorgia-NorthCarolinaborder，hasgrownbymorethan80%since2010.eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述了美國(guó)小城鎮(zhèn)/農(nóng)村地區(qū)人口流失的現(xiàn)象。)4．Whathappenedtothesmalltownsmentionedinparagraph1?A．Theirsizesgrewrapidly.B．Theirpopulationdeclined.C．Theydrewmoreresidents.D．Theyraisedchallengestolocals.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句可知，僅去年一年，佐治亞州就有超過(guò)三分之一的小城鎮(zhèn)人口流失，使得振興農(nóng)村地區(qū)的挑戰(zhàn)更加明顯。由此可知，小城鎮(zhèn)出現(xiàn)了人口流失現(xiàn)象，即它們的人口減少了。故選B。5．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“reversethetide”underlinedinparagraph4?A．Peoplemovefromruraltourbanareas.B．Smalltownsdrawpeoplefromcities.C．Ruralareasdeveloptheireconomyquickly.D．Populationcontinuetogrowinurbanareas.答案B解析詞義猜測(cè)題。第四段首句講了“農(nóng)村人口轉(zhuǎn)移到城市”這一趨勢(shì)，reversethetide(扭轉(zhuǎn)這一趨勢(shì))意味著在農(nóng)村人口流失現(xiàn)象的前提下，人們采取措施阻止農(nóng)村人口流失，去吸引在大城市的人回到農(nóng)村/小城鎮(zhèn)，即人口從城市轉(zhuǎn)移到農(nóng)村，故選B。6．WhyisDavidBridgesquoted?A．Tooffermoreevidence.B．Todrawaconclusion.C．Toshowhiscontribution.D．Togivepartofthereasons.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句和倒數(shù)第二段可知，Bridges的話佐證了農(nóng)村人口流失和難以吸引外來(lái)人口去農(nóng)村的原因。故選D。7．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．JacksonCountyisthebesttownintheUS.B．Ruraltownswillkeepgrowingtolargerones.C．Otherswillfollowtheleadofthesebrightspots.D．Therecanbemeasurestohelpruraltownsgrow.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，雖然農(nóng)村人口流失仍在繼續(xù)，但有些農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人口增加了。由此可知，采取一定的措施還是可以促進(jìn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)人口的增長(zhǎng)的。故選D。C(2022·河南六市一模)Tomakeroomforagriculture，treesandotherplantsareoftenclearedawaysothatfarmershavespacetogrowcrops.Theclearingofforestsforcesmanyanimalsfromtheirhomes.Theyoftenfleetheareainsearchofanewplacetolivein.Thereisabigdownsidetothat.Someofthoseanimalsarenaturalpredators.Theycontrolpestpopulations.Theycanhelptoclearthefieldsofrats，mice，andotherrodentsthateatanddamagecrops.ThishappenedatonesmallfarmingvillageinIndonesia.Afterlandwasclearedforfarming，ratsandmicebeganappearinginlargenumbers.Villagerstriedtotargettheanimalsbysmokingthemoutandhuntingthem.Butthevillagerswereunsuccessful.So，onefarmerdecidedtotryanothermethod—anaturalone.PujoArtobroughtowlstohisfarm.Owls，afterall，areexpertsathuntingrodents.Itiswhattheydo.Anditworked！However，PujoArtodidn’tstopwithhisownfield.HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram.Now，owlsarebusycatchingratsandmiceinthefieldsaroundthevillageofTlogoweru.Thereisahugeupside：noneedforchemicalpesticideswhichcanharmnotonlyrodents，butothercreatures.In2011，theIndonesianmanbegansettingupboxeswheretheowlslive.Heisalsoraisingowletsinthevillage.Afteraboutfourmonths，theyoungbirdsarereleased.Thesefacilitieshaveraisedmorethanowls.Theyhavealsoraisedawarenessinthecommunityabouttheimportanceofowls.Theyraisedawarenesswithintheircommunitybybuildinghomesforthoseowls.Atthesametime，governmentofficialshelpedtocreatelawstoprotectthoseowls.Inadditiontocontrollingpestsnaturally，thereisanotherupsidetotheprogram.Hisvillageisnowapopularstopforeco-tourists.Peopleinterestedinlearningmoreaboutowls，wildlifeprotectionandnaturalpestcontrolcometohisvillagetolearnmore.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了印度尼西亞一個(gè)村莊實(shí)施自然捕食者計(jì)劃，利用貓頭鷹消滅嚙齒類有害動(dòng)物的故事，說(shuō)明了生態(tài)控制有害動(dòng)物或害蟲的好處。8．Whydidtheowlsgetawayfromthelandaroundthevillage?A．Therewasnofoodtoeat.B．Thereweretoomanyratsandmice.C．Theyweresmokedaway.D．Theyhadnoplacetolive.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二、三句可知，為了發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)人們砍伐樹木，森林的砍伐迫使貓頭鷹等許多動(dòng)物離開(kāi)家園，逃離這個(gè)地區(qū)去尋找新的居住地。故選D。9．NaturalPredatorProgramis.A．touseowlstocatchthecrop-damagingrodentsB．toattracteco-touriststothevillageC．toraiseawarenessofprotectingforestsD．tocontrolpestsbyusingchemicalpesticides答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“HesetupaNaturalPredatorProgram...aroundthevillageofTlogoweru.”可知，自然捕食者計(jì)劃指的是借助貓頭鷹來(lái)捕殺老鼠等破壞莊稼的嚙齒類有害動(dòng)物，故選A。10．Whichofthefollowingistherightorderaccordingtothepassage?a．introducingowlsb．pestsbeingcontrollednaturallyc．rodentsappearinginlargenumbersd．clearingforestsA．a(chǎn)bcd B．bcdaC．dcab D．dabc答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)排序題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，為了發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)人們砍伐樹木，導(dǎo)致嚙齒類有害動(dòng)物猖獗破壞莊稼，于是引進(jìn)嚙齒類有害動(dòng)物的天敵貓頭鷹，使得害蟲被自然控制。根據(jù)發(fā)生的先后順序，故選C。11．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Theimportanceofprotectingowls.B．Indonesianvillageusesowlstoprotectcrops.C．Theadvantagesofusingnaturalpredatorsinagriculture.D．Thegovernment’sroleinusingowlstocontrolpests.答案B解析主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了印度尼西亞一個(gè)村莊實(shí)施自然捕食者計(jì)劃，利用貓頭鷹消滅嚙齒類有害動(dòng)物的故事，說(shuō)明了生態(tài)控制有害動(dòng)物或害蟲的好處。故選B。D(2022·安徽江淮十校聯(lián)考)Afteryoufinishyourfries，eattheketchuppacket.Whenyouaddyourpastatoboilingwater，putthebagintothepot，too.Iftheseinstructionssoundconfusingtoyou，it’sonlybecauseyouhaven’tyetheardofNotpla，aLondon-basedstartupcompanythatisdesigningaseaweed-basedreplacementforsingle-useplasticpackaging.NotpladesigndirectorKarlijnSibbelsaystheylooktonatureasinspirationfortheidealpackagingliketheskinonafruit.“Apeelwilleventuallybeusedasnutrientsbynature，anddisappearandbecomeapartofthecycle，”shesaid.AccordingtotheUN,9.15billiontonsofplastichasbeenproducedsincetheearly1950s，andabout60%hasbeenland-filledorabandonedoutdoors.Micro-plastics，whichareoftentheresultoflargerplasticsbreakingdown，pollutetheocean，theairandourbodies.Overthepastfewyears，therehasbeenagrowingmovementagainstsingle-useplasticsasmanyexpertshavearguedtheproductsareunnecessaryandharmful.IntheUS，someplaceshavetakenaction：NewYorkbannedmostplasticshoppingbags，andinMiamiBeach，plasticstrawshavebeenoutlawed.“Overseas，theEuropeanUnionputabroadbanonsingle-useplasticsintoeffectthissummer，”thegovernmentannouncedinAugust.“Notpla’sfounders，RodrigoGaroiaGonzálezandPierrePaslie，initiallylookedtoseaweedasthesolutiontotheworld’splasticproblembecauseitisabundant，growsquickly，doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops，”Sibbelexplained.Therearealsomanydifferentseaweedspecies，andtheycanbeharvestedorfarmed.Seaweeddoesn’tuseland;itdoesn’tusepesticides.Itcangrowintotheoceanandthesea，whereitactuallyhasalotofpositivebenefitssoitcancreatenewecosystemsforotherorganismstothrivein.“Astheyscaleup，Notpla’steamhopesseaweedcouldreplacesingle-useplasticinthesupplychainmorebroadly，”Sibbelsaid.Butwiththevolumeofplasticsusedaroundtheworld，sheunderstandstheenormity(巨大)ofsuchatask.“Idon’tthinkonematerialoronesolutionisgoingtosolveeverything，butwethinkthatseaweedreallytickstherightboxes，”shesaid.語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。隨著塑料污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，很多國(guó)家或地區(qū)已經(jīng)采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)。在倫敦，一家公司發(fā)明了以海草為原料的包裝，從源頭杜絕污染。12．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthefirstparagraph?A．Thetastyfoodmadefromseaweedsuchaspasta.B．Commonfunctionsofseaweed.C．ThefamouscompanycalledNotpla.D．Plasticpackagingmadefromseaweed.答案D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，第一段主要介紹了由海草制成的塑料包裝。故選D。13．Whatcanbelearnedaboutplasticpollutionandsolutionsfromthepassage?A．Micro-plasticscanonlybefoundinthesea.B．Thesingle-useplasticsareconsideredavoidablebymanyexperts.C．Morethanhalfoftheplasticproducedhasbeenland-filled.D．TheEuropeanUnionandtheUShavecompletelystoppedusingsingle-useplastics.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可推斷，專家認(rèn)為一次性塑料的使用是可以避免的。故選B。14．Whichisnotthereasonforthecompany’sfoundersturningtoseaweed?A．Itispesticide-free.B．Itiseasilyaccessible.C．Itcangrowonland.D．Itcandogoodtotheocean.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“doesn’tcompetewithlandcrops”和“seaweeddoesn’tuseland”可知，海草不會(huì)生長(zhǎng)在地面上。故選C。15．WhichwordbestdescribesKarlijnSibbel’sattitudetothefutureuseofseaweed?A．Optimistic. B．Uncertain.C．Negative. D．Worried.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可推斷，她對(duì)此抱有樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。故選A。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2022·河南許平汝聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Debrisflow(泥石流)isakindofdestructivegeologicaldisaster.JulytoAugustisthemostfrequentperiodofdebrisflowinChina.1，itcanincreasetheprobabilityofsurvivalinanemergency.Don’toverlookyoursurroundingswhilehiking.Payattentiontothesurroundingenvironmentandpayspecialattentiontowhetheryouhearthunder-likesoundfromthevalleyinthedistance.Ifyouhearit，youshouldraisethealarm.2.Don’tpanicandescapeinthedirectionofdebrisflow.Whenmeetingwithdebrisflow，staycalm.3.Ifthepathisperpendicular(垂直的)tothedirectionofdebrisflowandclimbstothehillsideonbothsides，thehigherthe