第12講賓語從句與狀語從句課件初升高銜接英語基礎(chǔ)知識系列

第十二講：賓語從句與狀語從句高中英語基礎(chǔ)知識系列1.什么是賓語？什么是狀語

2.什么是賓語從句？狀語從句？3.賓語通常放在什么后面？4.狀語分類有幾種？導(dǎo)學(xué)問題:賓語從句PART01賓語從句：一個充當(dāng)主句賓語成分的句子。通常跟在介詞/及物動詞/形容詞之后主語謂語賓語簡單句主語謂語賓語從句連詞從句主語從句謂語

主句復(fù)合句2.Iknowwhoyouare.Ilikeapples.

一、定義賓語從句的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：主句+連接詞（引導(dǎo)詞）+賓語從句e.g.:He

asks

him

/how

long

Mike

has

been

here.(動詞賓語)

Miss

Zhang

is

angry

at

/what

you

said.

(介詞賓語)二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)賓語從句的語序必須是陳述語序。包括：連接詞+主語+謂語+賓語+其他；連接詞+主語+系動詞+表語+其他;誤:Heiswonderingwhencanhefinishthisdifficultjob.×正:Heiswonderingwhenhecanfinishthisdifficultjob.√三、語序①從屬連詞：that,if,whether（不充當(dāng)成分）②連接代詞：（充當(dāng)成分：主、賓、表、定）who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。③連接副詞：（做狀語）when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。例句：Iknow/whoheis.四、引導(dǎo)詞賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)賓從時，第二個及以后的tha個句子中出現(xiàn)多個that不能省；Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.（2）當(dāng)that前有介詞時，that不可省。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句IthinkitisnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.that引導(dǎo)的從句，that在句中無任何意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，1.IsaidthatEnglishwaseasy.2.Yousaythatyouareastudent.3.IbelieveitrightthatEnglishisuseful.4.TheresearchshowsthatboysarebetteratmathandthatgirlsarebetteratEnglish.(可省)(前面的that可省，后面的that不可省)(可省)(不可省)if/whether“是否”，說明對陳述的事物不明確或不清楚。常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme表示疑問不確定意義的詞之后；從句句意完整，不缺成分。If后不加or。只用whether的情況：1、當(dāng)句末為ornot時2、在todo不定式前3、介詞后只能用whether.4、作主語只能用whether.Iforwhether？？？

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

3.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

4.Idon’tknow_______togo.If/whetherwhetherwhetherwhether由連接代詞、連接副詞和wh-ever引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：要點：who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how引導(dǎo)賓語從句：①擔(dān)任句子成分(連接代詞-主賓表定；連接副詞-狀語）包含一定意義；②起連接作用，不可省略。Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Hewonderswhereyoulive.1.Don’tbesatisfiedwith__________youhaveachieved.2.Wecan’tunderstand______heavoidedspeakingtous.3.Idon’tcare__________shewillapologizetomeornot.4.Idon’tknow____________thesoundcamefrom.5.Heaskedme___________Iwanted.WhatWhatWherewhetherwhy注意：①如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時態(tài)（包括一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定，即可用任意時態(tài)。Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.②如果主句是過去的時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時），那么從句的時態(tài)一定要用過去的某種時態(tài)（包括一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時）Iknewwholivedhere.五、時態(tài)③當(dāng)從句是客觀真理，定義，公理，定理，用一般現(xiàn)在時。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravels

aroundthesun.④Couldyoutellme…是用來征詢對方的意見，語氣委婉，并不表示過去。例：CouldyoutellmewhenwewillvisittheHistoryMuseum.改錯題：1.IaskedifComradeLiisintheoffice.2.JimtoldLinTaothatMr.SmithhasbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.3.Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelledfasterthansoundinyesterday’sclass.washadtravelsmakeitclearthat...說清楚……makeitpossiblethat...使……成為可能makeitarulethat...使……成為習(xí)慣takeitforgrantedthat...認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的seetoitthat...務(wù)必/一定……TheInternetmakesitpossiblethatwecanworkfromhome.因特網(wǎng)使我們在家里工作成為可能。六、it作形式賓語shouldgo特別提醒:suggest：1.建議（虛擬）；2.表明，暗示（不虛擬）insist:1.堅決要求（虛擬）；2.堅持說，陳述事實（不虛擬）1.Heinsistedthathe________(be)ingoodhealthandthathe____________(send)toworkthere.2.Thedarkcloudssuggestedthatit

(rain)andmyneighborsuggestedthatwe

(put)awaytheclothes.wasshouldbesentwasgoingtorainshouldput狀語從句PART02狀語從句：在復(fù)合句中，起狀語作用的從句。狀語從句分為：時間狀語從句

地點狀語從句

條件狀語從句

原因狀語從句

讓步狀語從句

比較狀語從句

目的狀語從句

結(jié)果狀語從句

方式狀語從句一、時間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有when,whenever,as,while,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,solongas,assoonas,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,immediately,instantly,directly等1、when/as/whilewhen表示從句動作與主句動作同時發(fā)生，或先于主句動作。While表示從句的動作與主句同時發(fā)生，持續(xù)性，

從句的動作往往是延續(xù)性的。As表示從句動作與主句動作并行發(fā)生，常譯為“一邊……一邊……”；“隨著……”“正當(dāng)……”從時間上來說，when指一段時間或一點時間，while只能指一段時間，as指一段時間。【例句】WhenSallyarrived,Iwaspreparinglunch.WhileKathywasdoingthewashing-up,shewasplanningherholiday.Theworkersshoutedslogansastheypassedthesquare.Exercise：1、_______thefirebrokeout,allthestudentsweresleepingsoundly.2、Marywashavingdinner_______Isawher.3、Pleasedon'ttalksoloud_______othersareworking.4、_______thedayswentby,hebecamestronger.5、Wesang_______wewalkedalong.WhenWhenwhileAsasExercise：1.Hehadleftthetown______shearrived.2.As

is

reported,

it

is

100

years

Tsinghua

University

was

founded.3.Itwillnotbelong______wemeeteachotheragain.4.Itwasnotlong______helefthishometown.5.I

have

learned

a

lot

of

good

things

about

you

I

came

back

from

abroad.

beforesincebeforebeforesince◆當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，主句常用肯定形式。例句：我會待在這里，直到你回來?！舢?dāng)主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞時,主句常用否定形式。

not…until…“直到……才……”，這時until可用before替換。Hedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.例句：他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。3、until/till引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，常譯為“直到……時”，表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句之前。Exercise：till/untiltill/untiluntilnot

until4、

assoonas引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，譯為“一…就…”，表示從句動作一發(fā)生，主句的動作馬上就發(fā)生。遵循主將從現(xiàn)原則例句：他一回來我就告訴他這件事?！粝喈?dāng)于assoonas用法的詞或短語還有：immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant等.I’llgivehimyourmessagetheminute

hearrives.DirectlyIhaddoneit,IknewIhadmadeamistake.二、地點狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有where,wherever,everywhere等?！纠洹縒herethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成WhereverJohnhappenstobe,hecanmakehimselfathome.Wheretheancientsknewnothing,weknowalittle.Everywherethevisitorswent,theywerewarmlyreceived.Youcangoanywhereyouwantaftergraduation.1,

There

are

snow

_________,sothattheshapeofthingswasdifficulttoidentify.

2,Wewouldnevergo_______withoutyou.

3.「四川」If

you

happen

to

get

lost

in

the

wild

,you

had

better

stay______

you

are

and

wait

for

help。4.Shemustbeasuperstar.

Shegoes,therearecrowdsofpeoplewaitingtoseeher.whereanywhereeverywherewherevereverywhereanywherewhereWherever三、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有if,unless=ifnot(除非),as/solongas(只要),oncondition(只要),once(一旦),incase(假使),providing/provided(that)(如果)等?！纠洹縄fthedamhadbrokeninthefloodlastyear,therewouldhavebeengreatlossoflifeandproperty.Provided(that)hewinsthesupportoftheminoritygroups,hewillbeabletowintheelection.Incaseitrains,wewon’tbeabletogothereonfoot.Youcangoout,as/solongasyoupromisetobebackbeforeeleven.IfunlessunlessIf四、讓步狀語從句連詞：1,Though,although,as（雖然）2,evenif和eventhough（即使）;3,while（雖然）4,whether…or…：不管5,nomatter+疑問詞（不管…都…）=疑問詞-ever，regardlessof+名詞/名詞短語(無論)

despite和inspiteof(盡管)

as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)，【例句】Hepassedtheexaminationalthoughhehadbeenpreventedbyillnessfromstudying,Thoughheshouldstandalone,hewillneveryield.Ishouldn’thavetimetoseehimevenifhewerehere.Richasheis,Mr.Johnsonisbynomeansahappyman.although和though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：①evenif與eventhough同義：

I’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Eventhoughyoufail,youcantryagain.evenif,eventhough引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句：

eventhough=evenif引導(dǎo)的條件不是事實；

Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(不知道他是否知道)Hewillnotrevealthesecreteventhoughheknowsit.(雖然知道，卻不說出來)1.Idancedinfrontofthepeople_________Ilikedit.2.You’dbetterwearstrongshoes_____we’lldoalotofwalking.3.____hewasnotwell,Idecidedtogowithouthim.4.______everybodyknowaboutit,Idon’twanttotalkanymore.5.Somepeoplebelievethat______oilisrunningout,thefateofthemotorindustryisuncertain.becauseasAsSincesince6.JennywasverysadoverthelossofthephotosshehadshotatCanada,______thiswasamemorysheespeciallytreasured.because六、目的狀語從句（AdverbialClauseofPurpose）引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞和詞組有sothat,inorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incase等。【例句】Theteachermustspeakclearlysothathisstudentscanunderstandwell.Theyclimbedtothetopofthebuildinginorderthattheycouldgetabird’s-eyeviewofthecity.(1)so+adj./adv.+that從句It’ssocoldthatthelakehasfrozen.(2)so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+that從句

Jennyissocleveragirlthatalltheteachersliked