英語(yǔ)中的表語(yǔ)

英語(yǔ)中的表語(yǔ)最新文檔(可以直接使用，可編輯最新文檔，歡迎下載）

表語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)中的表語(yǔ)最新文檔(可以直接使用，可編輯最新文檔，歡迎下載）（1）表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)等，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的意義，因此，它也叫作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)一般用在連系動(dòng)詞后面，連系動(dòng)詞除了be之外，還有become（成為）、look（看起來(lái)）、turn（變成）、go（變成）、seem（似乎）、appear（似乎、顯得）、feel（摸起來(lái)）、sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)）、smell（聞起來(lái)）等等?？勺霰碚Z(yǔ)的有:形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、動(dòng)名詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或副詞和從句：例如：Wearestudents.Heisveryclever.（2）英語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)中一般與連系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，常用的連系動(dòng)詞有：be(am/is/are;was/were),look,feel,smell,sound,taste,seem，go,appear,keep,remain,become,get,grow,turn等。表語(yǔ)在句中的位置大致有兩種：正常位置（位于連系動(dòng)詞之后）和倒裝位置（位于句首）。1.正常位置：在系表結(jié)構(gòu)中表語(yǔ)放在連系動(dòng)詞之后。eg:Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.Hisfaceturnedred.Therubbishdumpsmellsterrible.2.倒裝位置：有時(shí)出于句法或修辭的要求而將表語(yǔ)提到句首。主要有以下四種表語(yǔ)前置的情況：（1）在由what,how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中。eg:Whatfunitistojumpinapoolorgoswimminginariverinsummer!（2）在由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中。eg:Proudasthesenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.（3）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)表語(yǔ)。eg:Infrontofthehousewasatalltree.（4）為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡，將較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)放在句末，而將較短的表語(yǔ)提到句首。eg:Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.表語(yǔ)的細(xì)說(shuō)表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它常位于系動(dòng)詞（be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等詞）之后。如果句子的表語(yǔ)也是由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)?shù)?那么這個(gè)充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)的句子就叫做表語(yǔ)從句。一、什么是表語(yǔ)（predicative）在形式上，位于系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語(yǔ)。從含義上講，表語(yǔ)是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“怎么樣”的語(yǔ)法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表語(yǔ)就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修飾的是主語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的。表語(yǔ)須和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成句子的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)常由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式、動(dòng)詞的-ing、從句來(lái)充當(dāng)，它常位于連系動(dòng)詞（be,become,appear,seem等）之后。AlbertEinsteinwasafamousprofessorofphysics.阿爾伯特.愛(ài)因斯坦是一位有名的物理學(xué)家。二、不定式、動(dòng)名詞與分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”；分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞作表語(yǔ)，含義是回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”。1.Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我們的計(jì)劃是讓這件事成為秘密。（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)是相等的）2.Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld.這個(gè)美麗的村莊仍未外界所知。（主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)是不相等的）三、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式和動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)雖都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“是什么”的，但二者仍有一些區(qū)別。不定式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次性、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一語(yǔ)法知識(shí)書籍般性、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Hisjobistopaintthewalls.他的工作是粉刷這些墻四、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)都是用于回答主語(yǔ)“怎么樣”的?，F(xiàn)在分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，過(guò)去分詞說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。1.Thisdogisfrightening.這條狗讓人害怕。（說(shuō)明狗的特征）2.Thisdogisfrightened.這條狗有些害怕。（說(shuō)明狗的狀態(tài)）五、不定式作表語(yǔ)和不定式表示將來(lái)時(shí)的區(qū)別不定式作表語(yǔ)用于說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”，和主語(yǔ)之間是可以劃等號(hào)的，不定式用來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，表示主語(yǔ)即將要執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作，和主語(yǔ)之間是不能劃等號(hào)的。Whathewantedtosuggestistocutdownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建議的是降價(jià)促銷。六、-ing動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)和-ing動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是特征。-ing動(dòng)詞用于正在進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)正在執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。Sheistakingcareofthechildren.她在照料小孩。（說(shuō)明她正在執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作）七、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作。1.Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。（說(shuō)明杯子是狀態(tài)）2.ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter.杯子是被彼得打壞的。（說(shuō)明杯子承受的動(dòng)作—被打壞了）例子：一.名詞作表語(yǔ)Africaisabigcontinent.非洲是個(gè)大洲。Thatremainsapuzzletome.這對(duì)我還是個(gè)難題。二.代詞作表語(yǔ)What’syourfaxnumber?你的號(hào)是多少？Who'syourbestfriend?你最好的朋友是誰(shuí)？三.形容詞作表語(yǔ)Ifeelmuchbettertoday.我今天感覺(jué)好多了。四.數(shù)詞作表語(yǔ)Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.她是第一個(gè)知道的人。五.不定式或ing形式作表語(yǔ)Herjobissellingcomputers.她的工作是銷售電腦。Ournextstepwastogetrawmaterialsready.我們下一步是把原料準(zhǔn)備好。六.介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)Thepatientisoutofdanger.病人脫險(xiǎn)了。Idon’tfeelatease.我感到不自在。七.副詞作表語(yǔ)Thesunisup.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。Imustbeoffnow.現(xiàn)在我得走了。八.從句作表語(yǔ)Thisiswhathesaid.這就是他所說(shuō)的話。九、不定式作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的不定式短語(yǔ)通常是說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，這時(shí)主語(yǔ)通常是如下名詞：hope,idea,job,plan,wish,aim,purpose,thing,businessThepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitmoredifficult.新技術(shù)的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁瑣。Herwishistobecomeasinger.她的愿望是當(dāng)一名歌手。Ourplanistofinishtheworkintwoweeks.我們的計(jì)劃就是在兩星期內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。十。形容詞作表語(yǔ)Heisoldbutheishealthy。赤峰市華夏職業(yè)學(xué)校表格教案(一)that,what,who,when,whether,等引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句及注意的問(wèn)題learning、discussing、summarizing、practicingMultimedia教學(xué)步驟及時(shí)間分配在句子中起表語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做表語(yǔ)從句，位于主句系動(dòng)詞的后面。表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同。也是名詞性從句的一種。1、由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句Thefactisthathedoesn’treallytry.（努力）ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that通常不省略，但在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中有時(shí)也可省略：Thetroubleis(that)heisill.糟糕的是他病了。2、由連詞whether引導(dǎo)Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.問(wèn)題是這部電影是否值得看?！咀⒁狻縲hether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。GreetingsAskquestionsEnlightentheStudentstoanswerquestionsGreetingsListencarefullyLookatthescreenThinkoverandanswerquestions啟發(fā)引導(dǎo)原則赤峰市華夏職業(yè)學(xué)校表格教案(二)教學(xué)步驟及時(shí)間分配3.由連接代詞引導(dǎo)YouarenotwhoIthoughtyouwere.你已不是我過(guò)去所想像的人。Thequestioniswho(m)weshouldtrust.問(wèn)題是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)相信誰(shuí)。WhatIwanttoknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.我想知道的是我們應(yīng)走哪條路。4.由連接副詞引導(dǎo)Theproblemishowwecanfindhim.問(wèn)題是我們?nèi)绾握业剿?。ThatwaswhenIwasfifteen.這是我15歲時(shí)發(fā)生的事。That’swhereIfirstmether.那就是我第一次遇見(jiàn)她的地方。That’swhyhedidn’tcome.這就是他沒(méi)有來(lái)的緣故。5.由關(guān)系代詞型what引導(dǎo)That’swhatIwanttostress.這是我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的。Heisnolongerwhathewas.他已經(jīng)不是以前的他了。6.由asif/asthough引導(dǎo)Itisn’tasifyouweregoingawayforever.又不是你離開(kāi)不回來(lái)了。NowitwasasthoughshehadknownMillieforyears.現(xiàn)在好像她認(rèn)識(shí)米莉已有好多年了似的。因材施教原則循序漸進(jìn)原則邊講邊練原則赤峰市華夏職業(yè)學(xué)校表格教案(三)教學(xué)步驟及時(shí)間分配Step(4)practiceStep(5)SummingupStep(6)Homework7.由because引導(dǎo)ItisbecauseIloveyoutoomuch.那是因?yàn)槲姨珢?ài)你了。That’sbecauseyoucan’tappreciatemusic.這是因?yàn)槟悴荒苄蕾p音樂(lè)。IfI’mabitsleepy,it’sbecauseIwasupallnight.如果我有點(diǎn)困，是因?yàn)橐灰箾](méi)睡。It'sbecauseIpassedaslipofpaperforJohntoHeleninclass.這是因?yàn)槲以谏险n中替約翰傳紙條給海倫。【注意】because可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的since,as,for等也不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。（三）注意的問(wèn)題練習(xí)題Givethemseveralminutestodotheexercises.checkanswers…ThinkoverAnswerquestionsDopractice.因材施教復(fù)習(xí)鞏固Step(3)ExplainlanguagepointsStep(4)Practice表語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.whythat/what的區(qū)別1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat3.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere4.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what6.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such高考練習(xí)1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？（NMET1999）A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where2.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.（1998上海）A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show3.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.（06全國(guó)）A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?(2003北京春)---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited5.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.（2004湖北）A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich答案DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的區(qū)別DBAAAC高考練習(xí)ABDAA定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bothofthatD.bothofwhich35.Iwanttousethesametools_______usedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.A.aswasB.whichwasC.aswereD.which36.Myneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_______wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.it37.Thisisthemagazine_______Icopiedtheparagraph.A.thatB.whichC.fromthatD.fromwhich38.Heisnotsuchaman_______wouldleavehisworkhalfdone.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.as39.Youcandependonwhateverpromise_______hemakes.A./B.whyC.whenD.whose40.Smoking,_______isabadhabit,is,however,popular.A.thatB.whichC.itD.though41.---Didyouasktheguard_______happened?---Yes,hetoldmeall_______heknew.A.what;thatB.what;whatC.which;whichD.that;that42.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,_______hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when;whoB.that;whichC.which;thatD.when;which43.Thenumberofthepeoplewho_______cars_______increasing.A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are44.Duringthedays________,heworkedasaservantattheBrowns.A.followedB.followingC.tofollowD.thatfollowed45.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it46.Thecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,_______hecouldsee_____wasgoingoninsidehouse.A.which;whatB.throughwhich;whatC.throughthat;whatD.what;that47.Is_______someGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?A.thisschoolB.thistheschoolC.thisschooloneD.thisschoolwhere48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.A.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich50.Allthatcanbeeaten_______eatenup.A.arebeingB.hasbeenC.hadbeenD.havebeen答案DBACCACDDCCBthat/what的區(qū)別DBAAAC高考練習(xí)ABDAA參考答案及解析1.A.which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2．C."和誰(shuí)講話”要說(shuō)speaktosb.本題全句應(yīng)為DoyouknowthemanwhomIspoketo.。whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。3.D.where是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。4.C.when是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5．A.which是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作forget的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。6．C.解析同第5題。7.A.解析見(jiàn)第3題。8.A.本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是films,因此，關(guān)系代詞that是負(fù)數(shù)概念，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠詞the，則theone應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9.A.“談到某事物”應(yīng)說(shuō)talkaboutsth.。about是介詞，其后要用which作賓語(yǔ)，不能用that。10.A.withwhich是"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"結(jié)構(gòu),常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.with有"用"的意思,介詞之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),即heiswritingwithapen.11.C.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.Infrontofwhich在從句中作狀語(yǔ).12.D.withwhom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中即為:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.13.D.whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,在從句中作主語(yǔ)family的定語(yǔ).14.A.that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,因?yàn)橄刃性~是all,所以只能選用that引導(dǎo).15.D.thesame……..as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本句話中,as作從句的主語(yǔ).16.D.such………as是固定用法,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可以作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ).在本題中,as作表語(yǔ).17.B.as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。這時(shí)as所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作賓語(yǔ).18.B.LiMingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomIwenttotheconcert是定語(yǔ)從句.withwhom放在從句中為:IwenttotheconcertwithLiMing.19.C.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Such修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí),要用sucha……..,本題中suchbooks,such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞.20.B.things和persons是先行詞.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人,又表示物的名詞時(shí),其關(guān)系代詞要用that.21.D.who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who作從句的主語(yǔ).22.C.twothirdsofwhom即:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.23.D.先行詞person后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞whom.因?yàn)?whom作從句中met的賓語(yǔ),可以省略.第二個(gè)從句whocoulddoit.who在從句中作主語(yǔ),不可省略.24.A.whosetitle引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,whosetitle也可以說(shuō)成thetitleofwhich25.A.forwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,使用介詞for,是來(lái)自于從句中的固定短語(yǔ)befamousfor"以……..而聞名".26.C.當(dāng)先行詞被such修飾時(shí),引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞要用as.As在本從句中作主語(yǔ).27.A.兩個(gè)先行詞theday都是表示時(shí)間的名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when.第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.28.D.在way、distance、direction等詞后的定語(yǔ)從句中，常用that來(lái)代替“in(或其他介詞)+which”、when或where，而that?？墒÷?。29.D.forwhich在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),可用why來(lái)替代.30.B.whichIhavelookedafter構(gòu)成一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.31.A.Thereasonwhy…wasthat….已成為一種固定句型，這一句中的why和that不能隨意換位，也不能將that改成because，盡管that這個(gè)詞在譯文中可能有“因?yàn)椤钡暮x。32.B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.33.A.解釋見(jiàn)28題.34.D.主句中的two表明不能選A.從句中的are表明不能選B.bothofwhich用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.35.C.as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成such…as或thesame…as固定搭配，其中such和same修飾其后的名詞，as為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。本題中as作從句的主語(yǔ).36.B.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句常用which引導(dǎo),which表示前句話的整個(gè)含義.37.D.38.D.解析見(jiàn)35題.39.A.hemakes是定語(yǔ)從句,從句前省略了關(guān)系代詞that.40.B.whichisabadhabit非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.41.A.whathappened是賓語(yǔ)從句.all之后thatheknew是定語(yǔ)從句.先行詞是all,所以關(guān)系代詞只能用that.42.D.years是表示時(shí)間的名詞,用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,是因?yàn)閣hen在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).第二個(gè)空選用which,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句.43.C.本句話的定語(yǔ)從句是whoowncars.其先行詞是people,因此,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)的own。本句話主句的主語(yǔ)是Thenumberof指“…..的數(shù)目”，是單數(shù)概念。因此，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用is。44.D.thatfollowed是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。45.A.先行詞gas被only修飾，關(guān)系代詞要用that，而不用which。46.B.throughwhich引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，throughwhich即throughthehole,在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。What引導(dǎo)的是see的賓語(yǔ)從句，并作從句的主語(yǔ)。47.B.為便于理解，改寫本句話：ThisistheschoolthatsomeGermanfriendsvisitedlastweek.不難看出，作表語(yǔ)的theschool是先行詞。that引導(dǎo)了定語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)閠hat同時(shí)又作visited的賓語(yǔ)，所以被省略了。其它選項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)。48.A.解釋見(jiàn)35題。49.C.因?yàn)槭莟woballpens,并且定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)writes是單數(shù)概念。因此，C是正確選項(xiàng)。50.B.本句話中，主句的主語(yǔ)是all,為抽象概念。因此，其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用單數(shù)的hasbeen。關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)從句I什么是系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞亦稱連系動(dòng)詞（LinkVerb），作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義,有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。說(shuō)明：有些系動(dòng)詞只在特定詞義下才為系動(dòng)詞，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苁菍?shí)義動(dòng)詞，該動(dòng)詞表達(dá)實(shí)義時(shí)，有詞義，可單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。例如：Hefellillyesterday.（fell是系動(dòng)詞，后跟表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)情況。）Hefellofftheladder.（fell是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)）。II系動(dòng)詞的種類1．狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞。例如：Heisateacher.他是一名教師。（is與表語(yǔ)一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份。）2．持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeetings.Thismatterremainsamystery.Sheremainedsingleforherlife.Itstayswarmtoday.Helaysickinbed.Wewillstandfirm.3.感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有l(wèi)ook,feel,smell,sound,taste。例如：

Youlookstired.You’dbetterhavearest.Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.Idecidetobuysome.Theflowersinthegardensmellverysweet,whichmakesmefeelverycomfortable.

Medicinetastesbitter,butit’sgoodtoourhealth.4.變化系動(dòng)詞這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，變化系動(dòng)詞主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run,make.例如Hebecamemadafterthat.Shegrewrichwithinashorttime.Heturnedteacherlater.Hefellilllastweek.Hewillmakeagoodmanager.這類系動(dòng)詞只有表示變化時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞，它們可以做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，表示其他意義。5．表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示"看起來(lái)像"這一概念，主要有seem,appear,。例如：Heseemsverysad.Heappearedunhappy.6．終止系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有prove,turnout,表達(dá)“證明是”，“結(jié)果是"之意。例如：Therumorprovedfalse.Thesearchforthelostboyproveddifficult.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.III什么是表語(yǔ)？放在系動(dòng)詞后面，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況的成分被稱為表語(yǔ)。IV什么可以做表語(yǔ)：名詞，代詞,數(shù)詞,形容詞，方位副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)(todo,doing,v-ed)，和表語(yǔ)從句Thegardenisverybeautiful.Modernpaintingsarenottomytaste.Readingandwritingaredifferentskills.Theairinthegardenwaswarmandfragrant.Mybookisoverthere.WhenIcalledhim,heisnotin.Thefactisthathedidn’tbreakthewindow.Thisfilmisveryinteresting.Mydreamistotravelaroundtheworld.TheyweredisappointedwhenItoldthemtheresult.V表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有三類：第一類：連接詞：that（無(wú)任何詞意），whether,if（均表示“是否”表明從句內(nèi)容的不確定性），它們?cè)趶木渲芯怀洚?dāng)任何成分。第二類：連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whomever,whose,which，whichever，它們常在從句中做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。第三類：連接副詞：when,where,how,why它們常在從句中做狀語(yǔ)。另外asif/though和because也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞之后。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問(wèn)題所在。Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。Hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.That’sbecausehewasill.**需要注意的是：1.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.【注意】whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。例如：Theproblemiswhetherwecangetenoughmoneytofinishtheproject.2.若句子的主語(yǔ)是suggestion,advice,desire,order,request,demand,等表示要求、命令、建議等意義的詞，則表語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoffatonce.Ourdemandisthatweshouldgetwhatwedeserve.Practice1.Itmakesherworried___sheisputtingonweight.while B.that C.if D.for2.___isafactthatgreatchangesaretakingplaceinourschool. A.There B.This C.That D.It3.___we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather. A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where4.Doyouremember___hecame?Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar. A.how B.when C.that D.if5.Thegrandhotelhasbeencompleted,butwedon’tknow___comeintouse.A.howlongitwill B.howlongwillit C.howsoonwillit D.howsoonitwill6.Didyouseemyumbrella?Yes.It’s___youleftit. A.there B.where C.therewhere D.wherethere7.Iremember___wehadourlessonsinashed. A.when B.which C.where D.what8.After___seemedaverylongtime,Iopenedmyeyesandfoundmyselfinbed!A.what B.when C.that D.which9.I’msohungrythatI’lleat___yougiveme. A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever10.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof___sharesherinterests. A.anyone B.whomever C.whoeverD.nomatterwho11.Youcan’timagine___whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents. A.howtheywereexcited B.howexcitedtheywere C.howexcitedwerethey D.theywerehowexcited12.Noonecanbesure__inamillionyears. A.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklike C.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike13.Shanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlike___itusedtobe. A.what B.how C.which D.that14.Ican’tmakesure___thekeytothelab. A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceput C.wherehasAliceput D.whereAlicehasput15.Hehimselfdidn’trealize____. A.whatgreatprogresswashemaking B.hewasmakingwhatgreatprogress C.whathewasmakinggreatprogress D.whatgreatprogresshewasmaking16.___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights. A.anyone B.Theperson C.Who D.Whoever17.__Iwasfreethatevening. A.Ithappenedto B.Ithappenedthat C.Thathappened D.Itishappenedthat18.Thetroubleis__weareshortofhands. Awhat B.that C.how Dwhy19.—Whataboutseeingafilm?—Thequestionis___we’llhaveenoughtime. A.that B.if C.when D.whether20.Energyis___makesthingswork. Aanything B.something C.what D.that21.Thethought___hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.which B.that C.when D.sothat22.Wewerewarned___thejourneywouldbedangerous.A.if B.whether C.how D.that23.Theyhavenoideaatall___. A.whatdoesthiswordmean B.whatthiswordmeans C.thatisthemeaningofthisword D.whatkindofameaningisthisword24.Theydidn’trealizeatthattime___. A.theyhadgotwhatausefulinvention B.thatwhatausefulinventiontheyhadgot C.whatausefulinventiontheyhadgot D.thattheyhadgotwhatainvention25.___youhaveseenbothfighters,___willwin? A.Since,doyouthinkwho B.When,whoever C.As,whoyouthink D.Since,whodoyouthink項(xiàng)目管理中常用英語(yǔ)（轉(zhuǎn)載學(xué)習(xí)）工程項(xiàng)目管理常用英語(yǔ)工藝包processpackage工藝設(shè)計(jì)processdesign工藝發(fā)表processrelease工藝預(yù)發(fā)表initialprocessrelease工作范圍；項(xiàng)目任務(wù)范圍scopeofwork；projectscope工作包workpackage工作項(xiàng)workitem任務(wù)單項(xiàng)lineitem分解結(jié)構(gòu)breakdownstructure工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)workbreakdownstructure組織分解機(jī)構(gòu)organizationalbreakdownstructure項(xiàng)目大項(xiàng)工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)projectsummaryworkbreakdownstructure承包商標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)；工程公司標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)contractor'sstandardworkbreakdownstructure責(zé)任分工矩陣responsibilityassignmentmatrix風(fēng)險(xiǎn)risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析riskanalysis風(fēng)險(xiǎn)備忘錄riskmemorandum公司本部homeoffice公司本部服務(wù)homeofficeservice公用工程utility計(jì)劃plan項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃projectplan（項(xiàng)目）設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)劃(project)engineeringplan（項(xiàng)目)采購(gòu)計(jì)劃(project)procurementplan（項(xiàng)目）施工計(jì)劃(project）constructionplan（項(xiàng)目)開(kāi)車計(jì)劃（project)start—upplan專利patent專利權(quán)patentright產(chǎn)權(quán)技術(shù)proprietarytechnology專利技術(shù)licensedtechnology專有技術(shù);技術(shù)訣竅know—how許可證license專利商;許可方licensor受許可放；受讓方licensee(技術(shù)）轉(zhuǎn)讓費(fèi);提成費(fèi)royalty許可證費(fèi)licensefee專有技術(shù)費(fèi)know-howfee專業(yè)discipline工藝processdesign;processengineering系統(tǒng)systemsengineering設(shè)備equipmentengineering布置plantlayoutengineering管道設(shè)計(jì)pipingdesign管道機(jī)械pipingmechanicalengineering儀表instrumentsengineering電氣electricalengineering建筑architecturalengineering土建civilengineering開(kāi)車start-up試車commissioning投料試車start—up;testrun；initialoperations性能考核，生產(chǎn)考核performancetestrun；performanceguaranteetests用戶驗(yàn)收clientacceptance支付條件；付款條件termsofpayment；conditionsofpayment;termsandconditionsofpayment預(yù)付款advancepayment；downpayment按實(shí)物進(jìn)度付款progresspayment按日工程進(jìn)度付款schedulepayment保留金；扣留款retentionmoney最終付款finalpayment代碼；編碼code;number組碼groupcode標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分類記帳碼；記帳碼standardclassificationofaccountnumbers［SCAN］;accountcodes;codeofaccounts可編碼variablecode；optionalvariablecode通用型活動(dòng)碼genericactivitytype(numbers）[GAT]不可預(yù)見(jiàn)費(fèi)contingency發(fā)表issue；release匯票billofexchange;draft議付匯票billfornegotiation業(yè)主owner用戶；客戶client設(shè)計(jì)；工程設(shè)計(jì)design；engineering設(shè)計(jì)階段engineeringphase工藝設(shè)計(jì)階段processdesignphase基礎(chǔ)工程設(shè)計(jì)階段basicengineeringphase分析設(shè)計(jì)階段analyticalengineeringphase平面設(shè)計(jì)階段planningengineeringphase詳細(xì)工程設(shè)計(jì)階段detailedengineeringphase；finalengineeringphase;productionengineeringphase會(huì)議meeting開(kāi)工會(huì)議kick—offmeeting報(bào)價(jià)開(kāi)工會(huì)議proposalkick—offmeeting用戶開(kāi)工會(huì)議clientkick-offmeeting項(xiàng)目開(kāi)工會(huì)議projectkick-offmeeting設(shè)計(jì)開(kāi)工會(huì)議projectkick—offmeeting施工動(dòng)員會(huì)議constructionmobilizationmeeting審核會(huì)reviewmeeting合同;承包c(diǎn)ontract合同生效日期effectivedateofthecontract合同終止terminationofcontract合同失效frustrationofcontract總價(jià)合同lump-sumcontract［L-S］(固定)單價(jià)合同（fixed）unitpricecontract償付合同;成本加抽筋合同(cost)reimbursablecontract；cost-plus（fee）contract[C—P]成本加固定酬金合同costplusfixedfeecontract［CPFF]成本加浮動(dòng)酬金合同costplusfluctuatingfeecontract；costplusslidingscalefeecontract目標(biāo)成本加獎(jiǎng)罰合同（target）costplusfeecontract,withbonusorpenaltyconditions限定最高價(jià)償付合同;限定最高成本加抽筋合同reimbursableguaranteedmaximumpricecontract［RGMP］；guaranteemaximumcostplusfeecontract承包商contractor分包商subcontractor合營(yíng)企業(yè)jointventure[JV］交貨delivery交貨日期deliverydate；dateofdelivery交貨周期leadtime交貨到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)deliverytojob-site交貨單deliverynote提貨單deliveryorder提單billoflading交貨條件deliveryterms離岸價(jià)freeonboard［FOB］鐵路交貨(價(jià)）;敞車上交貨(價(jià)）freeonrail［FOR];freeontruck［FOT]成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)（價(jià))costandfreight[CFR］or［C&F]到岸價(jià)costinsuranceandfreight；costinsurancefreight［CIF］船邊交貨(價(jià))freealongsideship［FAS］貨交承運(yùn)人(價(jià))freecarrier［FCA]工廠交貨（價(jià))exworks[EXW］估算；費(fèi)用估算estimate’costestimate估算方法類別typesofestimate詳細(xì)估算(發(fā)）detailedestimate；definedestimate設(shè)備詳細(xì)估算(發(fā)）;確切估算(發(fā))definedequipmentestimate；definitiveestimate設(shè)備估算equipmentestimate分析估算analysisestimate報(bào)價(jià)估算proposalestimate控制估算controlestimate初期控制估算interimcontrolestimate;initialcontrolestimate［ICE]批準(zhǔn)的控制估算initialapprovedcost［IAC］核定估算checkestimate首次核定估算firstcheckestimate［FCE］二次核定估算productioncheckestimate[PCE]人工時(shí)估算man-h