現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解9450

一、定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（Presentperfect）過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過去某一時(shí)間開始并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)。1：表示從過去某一時(shí)刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有for和since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。fortwofor+一段時(shí)間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.monthssincelastyearsince+過去點(diǎn)時(shí)LucyhasbeeninBeijingsincesince3yearsago間3yearsago.since1990sincehesince+過去時(shí)態(tài)HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.camehere句子<注>因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)是強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)一段時(shí)間并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，所以如果是肯定句的話動詞必須要是延續(xù)性的，否定句不需要2:表示動作發(fā)生在過去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被just、already、yet、uptonow、thepastfewyears、sofar等副詞修飾。-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）<注>此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。二、構(gòu)成have\has+過去分詞肯定have/hasdone否定haven’t/hasn’tdone-1-疑問have/has提前三、過去分詞變化規(guī)則規(guī)則動詞的變法和過去式相同，即直去雙改。直：直接加-ed如played,missed,matched,wished,stayed,picked,e后加-ed.如saved,hoped,wasted,lived,waved,moved去：去雙：以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞雙寫后面是輔音字母后加-ed如：stopped,fitted.stepped,stirred改：以輔音字母+y為結(jié)尾的詞變y為i后加-ed如：fried,tidied,carried四、標(biāo)志詞的位置①already已經(jīng)肯定句中或句尾e.g.:Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.=Ihavefoundmypenalready.②yet已經(jīng)否定句和疑問e.g.：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.Haveyouboughtacomputeryet?句句尾③ever曾經(jīng)e.g.：Haveyoueverseenpandas?句中④never從不句中e.g.：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛句中-2-e.g.：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before以前句尾e.g.：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.特別注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday,lastSunday,in1990,threeyearsago等對for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語提問，必須用howlong,不能用when.IhavebeeninFuzhoufortwomonths.→HowlonghaveyoubeeninFuzhou?LindahasstudiedChinesesince5yearsago.→HowlonghasLindastudiedChinese?像come,arrive,buy等終止性動詞不能與表示“一段時(shí)間如：Hehasboughtthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）因buy這個(gè)一次性動詞不能和一段時(shí)間for3years連用”的狀語連用。,改正的辦法有五種：(去掉一段時(shí)間for3years)(改為一子的意思①Hehasboughtthebook..②Heboughtthebook3yearsago般過去時(shí)，使句不變)③It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.（改為固定句型Itis---since---）-3-④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.（改為否定句）⑤Hehashadthebookfor3years.（用延續(xù)性動詞have代替buy）還有其他一次性動詞也是這種情況，可參照前面的五種辦法改正，前四種改法都一樣，第五種改法各不相同，舉例如下：①come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.②leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.③begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯(cuò)）改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.④open→beopen/close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.⑤die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.(錯(cuò))改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.⑥finish/end→beoverHehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.(錯(cuò))改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦joinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years.（錯(cuò)）Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.⑧buy/catch→have改為：Ihaveboughtthebikefor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.Hehascaughtacoldfor3days.（錯(cuò)）改為：Hehashadacoldfor3days.⑨borrow→keep-4-Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3years.（錯(cuò)）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞①延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。e.g.：learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk\keep\have\wait\watch\sing\read\sleep\live②終止性動詞：也叫非延續(xù)性動詞，瞬間動詞，一次性動詞。表示的動作不能延續(xù)，即動作發(fā)生后立即結(jié)束，產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果。在有了某種結(jié)果后，動作就不能再繼續(xù)下去。常用的瞬間動詞有：come，go,die,becomebegin,borrow,join,buyarrive,finish,return,leave,open,closebegin(start)→beonleave→beawayfromgo-beoffborrow→keepcome-beherejoin→bein或beamemberof…die→bedeadbuy-havearrive→behereReturn(comeback)-bebackputon→wear或beonfallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,asleep)getup→beupgoout→beout-5-finish→beoverclose→beclosedbuy→haveopen→beopengotoschool→beastudentcatch(acold)→have(acold)不要忘記把轉(zhuǎn)換過的動詞變?yōu)檫^去分詞have