(完整版)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)

動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成或用法被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的基本機(jī)構(gòu)：be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成如下：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)---主動(dòng)：do/does被動(dòng)：am/is/are+doneWecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般過去時(shí)---主動(dòng)：did被動(dòng)：was/were+doneHemadethekite.Thekitewasmadebyhim.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)---主動(dòng)：am/is/are+doing被動(dòng)：am/is/are+beingdoneSheiswateringflowers.Flowersarebeingwateredbyher.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)---主動(dòng)：have/has+done被動(dòng)：have/has+beendoneJimhasfinishedthework.TheworkhasbeenfinishedbyJim.一般將來時(shí)---主動(dòng)：will/shall/begoingtodo被動(dòng)：will/shall/begoingtobedoneTheywillplanttreestomorrow.Treeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)---主動(dòng)：was/weredoing被動(dòng)：was/were+beingdoneShewaswritingaletterthistimeyesterday.Aletterwasbeingwrittenbyherthistimeyesterday.過去完成時(shí)---主動(dòng)：had+done被動(dòng)：had+beendoneJimhadfinishedthework.TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyJim.過去將來時(shí)---主動(dòng)：would/should/begoingtodo被動(dòng)：would/should/begoingtobedoneHesaidhewouldmakeakite.Hesaidakitewouldbemadebyhim.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞---主動(dòng)：can/may/mustdo被動(dòng)：can/may/mustbedoneIcanfindhim.Hecanbefoundbyme.(二)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，主要用于下列情況：1.不知道動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。ThiswatchismadeinChina.2.沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰。Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear.3.需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者。Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.4.動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者不是指認(rèn)。Manyhouseswerewashedawayintheflood.主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要將主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語，若主動(dòng)句中的賓語是人稱代詞，要將賓格變?yōu)橹鞲?。把主?dòng)句中的主語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的賓語，主格變?yōu)橘e格，并由by引導(dǎo)。謂語動(dòng)詞變成相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式。WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong.HewasaskedtosingandEnglishsongbyus.帶雙賓的謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞帶雙賓時(shí)，既可以將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化為主語，也可以將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語。若將間接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語，則保留直接賓語；若將直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)化成主語則保留間接賓語，且在被保留間接賓語前加上介詞to或for.Shegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyher.Abookwasgivetomebyher.(三)短語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)許多由不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以有賓語，也可以有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。注意：短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不可丟掉構(gòu)成短語動(dòng)詞的介詞或副詞。Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.(of不可省略)(四)帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)賓語加上賓補(bǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，只把賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓語補(bǔ)足語保留在原處，成為主語補(bǔ)足語。Isawsomeboysplayingfootballontheplayground.Someboyswereplayingfootballontheplayground.(五)被動(dòng)語態(tài)后動(dòng)詞形式的選擇。主動(dòng)句中的感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等和使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomntheevening.Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheevening.易混點(diǎn)清單一．被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一些特殊運(yùn)用形式1.open,lock,write,read,well,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，他們的主語是物，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。Thiskindofpenswritesverysmoothly.Thiskindofshirtssellswellhere.2.lock,sound,taste,smell等系動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Schooluniformslookgoodonus.Thecakesmellsdelicious.3.bewothdong中，doing表示被動(dòng)意義。Thisflimiswothseeing.4.“want/need/requre+doing”相當(dāng)于want/need/require+tobedone”.Tobedone表示不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。Mybikeneedsrepairing.=Mybikeneedstoberepaired.不用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情況當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是eachother或反身代詞時(shí)，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.White.（正確）HimselfwasintroducedasMr.White.（誤）TheyhelpeachotherstudyEnglish.（正確）EachotherishelpedtostudyEnglish.(誤)當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的謂語是表示狀態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Wewillhaveameeting.當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，不能用作被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。MymotherenjoyswatchingTv.Heaskedtohaveatry.被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示以主語為承受者的動(dòng)作，而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)。Thisshopisclosedatnineo’clock.Thisshopis