山西太原校區(qū)中考英語任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧與訓(xùn)練

山西太原校區(qū)中考英語任務(wù)型閱讀解題技巧與訓(xùn)練任務(wù)型閱讀畑作業(yè)完成情況）6教學(xué)目［標(biāo)）.學(xué)生通過答題技巧的解析形成完整的解題思路，并提高做題正確率。心知識梳理）從試題難易程度上看，閱讀的難易是適中的，容易分析理解，但在問題的設(shè)計上不會直接呈現(xiàn)出答案，所以需要同學(xué)們掌握一定的答題規(guī)律和解題技巧，這樣是可以避免不必要的丟分。結(jié)合命題特點，給同學(xué)們總結(jié)了幾條答題規(guī)律和技巧，希望能對有需要的同學(xué)們提供一定的幫助。任務(wù)型閱讀會給同學(xué)們呈現(xiàn)一段閱讀資料，然后設(shè)置幾個問題，大家在做題的時候，應(yīng)該先瀏覽一下問題，以便對所給任務(wù)有一個初步的了解，然后我們帶著問題去閱讀，有針對性地閱讀，這樣就可以提高我們的閱讀效率。負(fù)倉特色講解）考査點一、對文章大意的考査這個考點出題率特別高，主要考查同學(xué)們的語言整合能力。對于概括大意的問題，需要同學(xué)們對全文進(jìn)行考慮，只有了解文章的大意和作者的觀點，才能對文章做出準(zhǔn)確的概括。這類題，還有一種常見的提問是給文章擬一個合適的標(biāo)題。答題規(guī)律：1、這樣的題目要求，偶爾可以從文章中找到答案，同學(xué)們可注意首尾段和每段的第一句話，但有時也需要同學(xué)們用自己的話來概括。2、擬標(biāo)題可以是一個詞，短語或者句子。但無論是什么一定要遵循兩個原則：一個是概括性原則，要最大程度上覆蓋全文，體現(xiàn)文章的中心大意；另一個是醒目性原則，即標(biāo)題必須力求吸引讀者的注意力。考點二、對于閱讀細(xì)節(jié)的考查這類題型主要是考查同學(xué)們對已知信息的推理，通過文章細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意。這在任務(wù)型閱讀中屬于難度較大的題，同學(xué)們要在理解閱讀材料的基礎(chǔ)上，捕捉相關(guān)信息，把握文章的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，根據(jù)原材料推斷出未知的觀點、想法，并且不能主觀臆造，憑空想象，更不能用自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。大家要在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，吃透文章的字面意思，悟出作者的深層含義或言外之意。答題規(guī)律：需要同學(xué)們帶著問題回到閱讀材料中，采用跳讀的方式來尋找細(xì)節(jié)所在的段落，然后鎖定目標(biāo)段落，尋找總結(jié)自己所要的答案。同學(xué)們在答題和書寫方面還要注意以下幾點：1?答題的時候，一定要記?。耗芎喡曰卮鸬模M量簡略回答，避免長句子出現(xiàn)語法錯誤。2?書寫要規(guī)范整潔。記得開頭首字母要大寫；標(biāo)點符號要規(guī)范，單詞拼寫要正確；還有時態(tài)和人稱的轉(zhuǎn)變。3?適當(dāng)調(diào)整。在回答時，我們要對照題目，根據(jù)需要對句子的人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂搭配等做出適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整。最后，提醒同學(xué)們在完成所有的答題任務(wù)后，一定要檢查一下自己的答案：是否存在書寫問題，首字母是否大寫，人稱單復(fù)數(shù)是否按照要求書寫，時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性、主謂搭配是否正確，要避免不必要的失分?？偟膩碚f，我們答好這類題型，不僅僅需要掌握答題規(guī)律，而且還需要在平時課內(nèi)外加大閱讀的訓(xùn)練量，培養(yǎng)自己的語言分析運用的能力，閱讀理解能力的提高絕非一日之功。要加強積累，培養(yǎng)自己的思維，養(yǎng)成細(xì)心答題的好習(xí)慣。一、Learningtocommunicatewellisaskillyouwilluseallyourlife.Youneedthisskillinyourpersonallifetoexpressyourfeelingstofriendsandfamilymembers.Youneedtobeabletocommunicatewellinschool,too.Yourfuturejobsuccessmayalsodependonyourabilitytocommunicate?GoGreenGreenTechnologyHave-youeve-rconsid&re-dcamputerstobegreenteclinoIagy?Thinkaboutallthetreesneededtomake-paperforboofcandyaurwrittenactivilies.Th&abilitytotransfer專移）t'howrittentaskstoacomput&rmak&sitquiteanenvirairamentaIlyfriendlyinvention.KindsofCommunicationTherearetwomainkindsofcommunication.Thefirstkindisverbalcommunication（語言交流）.Itincludestheuseofwordstosendinformation.Speakingandwritingarebothformsofverbalcommunication.Nonverbalcommunication（非語言交流）includesanymeansofsendingamessagethatdoesnotusewords.Yourappearance,bodylanguageandthewayyoureactareallformsofnonverbalcommunication.BeinganActiveListenerCommunicationisatwo-wayprocess.Sometimesyouarethesenderandsometimesyouarethereceiver.Toreceivemessagesclearly,ithelpstobeanactivelistener.Activelisteningisacommunicationskillinwhichthelistenershowsaclearunderstandingofwhatapersonissaying.Youcandothisinseveralways.Repeatwhatyouthinkthespeakerissaying.Letthespeakerknowyouarelisteningbynoddingorshakingyourhead.Ifthemessageyoureceiveisnotclear,askquestions.Listenbeforeanswering.Donotinterrupt（打斷）.Allowthespeakertofinishwhatheorshehastosay.Pleasetranslatetheunderlined(劃線的)sentenceintoChinese.(不超過25個漢字)Whyarecomputersmentionedwhentalkingaboutverbalcommunication?Whichgoodnonverbalcommunicationbehaviorsaregiveninthepassage?(OneortwoexamplesareOK)1nthepassage,theunderlinedword"this"refersto(扌旨).Afterreadingthepassage,whatdoyouthinkofyourcommunicationskills?Whydoyouthinkso?二、LastspringIwaswalkinginapark.Infrontofmetherewasamumandher3-year-olddaughter.Thelittlegirlwasholdingontoastring,whichhadaballoonattheotherend.Allofasudden,asharpgust(一陣風(fēng))ofwindtooktheballoonfromthelittlegirl.Ithoughtshewouldscreamandcry.But,no!Asthelittlegirlturnedtowatchherballoonrisetothesky,shecheerfullyshoutedout,"Wow!"Ididn'trealizeitatthatmoment.Butthatlittlegirltaughtmesomething.Laterthatday,Ireceivedaphonecallfromapersonwithnewsofasuddenproblem.Ialmostrepliedwith"Ohno,whatshouldwedo?"Butrememberingthatlittlegirl,Ifoundmyselfsaying:"Wow,thatisinteresting!HowcanIhelpyou?"Onethingisforsure—lifeisalwaysgoingtoputusoffbalancewiththingswedon'texpect.Buthowweacttothemisourchoice.Wecanchoosetobediscouragedorinterested.Nomatterwhatthesituationis,a"Wow!"willalwaysbeat"Oh,no."Sonexttimeyoumeetoneoflife'sunexpectedgusts,rememberthatlittlegirlandmakeita"Wow!"experience.Italwaysworks.Wherewasthelittlegirl?Howdidthelittlegirlfeelwhenherballoonwasblownaway?Willyouhaveanactivemoodwhenunexpectedtroublecomesup?Whyorwhynot?妮當(dāng)堂檢測）195countriesreachedanagreement(協(xié)議)onDec.12,2015aftertwoweeks'talksinParis.Theytalkedaboutclimate(氣候)change.Itisthefirsttimeinhistorythatmostoftheworld'scountries,richorpoor,promisedtotakeactiontodealwithclimateproblems.Belowisachartshowingwherethegreenhousegas(溫室氣體)comesfrom.TheParisAgreement(巴黎協(xié)定)setsupagoalofcuttingdowntheearthtemperaturetolessthan2國.Ifthewarminggetsabove2國，therewillbeseriousproblemsontheearthlikenaturaldisasters.Theagreementalsoaskscountriestovolunteertodothings.Fordevelopedcountries,theywilldoevenmore.Theyhaveaplantoofferover100billiondollarstohelppoorercountriestodevelopcleanenergylikewaterandwindpower.However,theParisAgreementwon'tsolveearthwarmingbyitself.Thefuturealsodependsonhowwelleachcountrywillcarryouttheirpromises.Whatpercentofgreenhousegasdobuildingsproduce?Wheredoesthemostofgreenhousegascomefrom?WhywasthemeetinginParisanimportantoneinhistory?WilltheParisAgreementsolvetheearthwarmingbyitself?Andwhy?Asastudent,whatshouldyoudotohelptomakegreenhousegasless?乜當(dāng)堂總結(jié)〕或e家庭作業(yè)〕一、Doyouknowwhatfamilyinstructions（家訓(xùn)）are?Theyarecommonbeliefs（信仰）thatfamilymembersfollow.InancientChina,peoplepasseddowntheirfamilyinstructionsfromgeneration（一代）togeneration.SomeschoolsinZhejiangareencouragingstudentstolearnmoreabouttheirownfamilyinstructions.Itisapartofstudents'wintervacationhomeworktolearnabouttheirfamilyinstructions.MengYao,16,fromHangzhouXuejunHighSchool,lookedatherfamilyinstructions.Oneofthemis"don'ttakethewrongway",apieceofadvicethathasbeenpasseddownfor100years.Herfathertoldherhowhergrandfatherstucktohis"rightway"—tobecomeanengineer."Itinspired（激勵）metogoafterwhatIlove",shesaid.ShenDuanjie,14,fromHangzhouGongyiMiddleSchool,hasalsobenefited（受益）fromhisfamilyinstruction—"democraticandequal（民主,平等）.Ithelpshimgetalongwithhisparents.Theschoolhasalsopublishedbooksfamilyinstructions—TheFamilyInstructionsofZhuXiandFamilyInstructionsofYanClan.Thebooksincludeshortconversationsandpicturesdrawnbystudents.GongZhenyue,14,drewpicturesforoneofthebook.Shewasimpressed（感動）byoneinstruction.Itsaysthatparentsshouldnotonlylovetheirchildren,butalsoeducatethem."Itmademeunderstandwhymyparentsarestrictwithme,"shesaid.Shemadeitherownfamilyinstruction.（1）Whatarefamilyinstructions?（2）DidallthestudentsinZhejianghavetolearnabouttheirfamilyinstructions?（3）Whatdothestudentsthinkofthefamilyinstructions?（4）Pleasemakeyourownfamilyinstructionandexplainyourreason.二、根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答問題。LastmonthsomethievesstoleavaluableteapotfromamuseuminHongKong.TheytooktheteapottoAmerica,buttheAmericanpolicefoundit.ThemuseumsentMr.Chan,amemberofthemuseumstaff,tocollecttheteapot.OntheplanebacktoHongKong,henoticedtwomen.Theywerewatchinghimclosely."Perhapsthey'regoingtostealtheteapotagain.Imustthinkofaplan,"hethought.Mr.Chan'sdaughter,Amy,methimatHongKongafterwards.Mr.Chanwascarryingtwoboxes.Hegavehisdaughterthepinkboxandsaidtoherinalowvoice,"Takethisgiftboxhomewithgreatcare."Hewalkedawaywiththebrownone.Thetwomenfollowedhim.Amyopenedtheboxathome.Shewasexpectingapairofsportsshoes,butshejustfoundanoldteapot."Thisisnotaveryinterestinggift,"saidAmy,abitdisappointed."That'sallright.Let'smakesometeainit,"saidhermother.Thentheyfoundanoteintheteapot.Itsaid,"DearAmy,LoveDad."Thetwomenkidnapped(綁架)Mr.Chanonhiswaytothemuseum.Theyopenedhisboxandfoundapairofsportsshoesinside."Where'stheteapot?"thetwothievesshoutedatthetopoftheirvoicewithredfaces."Howdareyoucheatus?Wesawyougiveyourdaughteraboxattheairport.Comewithus!We'regoingtosearchyourhome,"oneofthemsaid.WhenthethievesenteredMr.Chan'sflat,itwasdarkandquiet.Allofasudden,thedoorclosedandthelightswenton.Thepolicewerewaitinginside.Amyandhermothercameoutofthebedroomwiththeteapot."Thatteapotisveryvaluable,"saidMr.Chan."Alongtimeagoitbelongedtoanemperor.Hedrankteafromit.""Weweregoingtodrinkteafromit,too,"saidAmy,laughing.WastheteapotfoundinAmerica?WhatdidMr.ChannoticeontheplanebacktoHongKong?Whatwasinthepinkbox?Howdidthetwothievesfeelwhentheydidn'tfindtheteapot?Wherewerethethievescaught?WhatdidMr.ChanprobablywritetoAmyinthenote?FillintheblankwithTWOsentences.簽字日期：檢查人員簽字：簽字日期：參考答案當(dāng)堂練習(xí)你未來的職業(yè)成功也許會取決于你的交流能力。Becausecomputersaregreentechnologyofverbalcommunication.Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou.activelisteningIthinkmycommunicationskillsaregood.BecauseIcanexpressmyselfwellandatthesametimeI'manactivelistener./Ithinkmycommunicationskillsarepoor.BecauseI'mtoonervoustoexpressmyselfinfrontofthepublic./...(結(jié)合自身實際合理作答即可)【解析】文章主要從交流的種類及如何做一個積極的傾聽者兩方面談?wù)摿肆己脺贤ǖ闹匾浴ourfuturejobsuccessmayalsodependonyourabilitytocommunicate.你未來的職業(yè)成功也許會取決于你的交流能力。根據(jù)GoGreen中的信息Haveyoueverconsideredcomputerstobegreentechnology?可知答案為Becausecomputersaregreentechnologyofverbalcommunication.3.根據(jù)Global(全球的)Connections中的信息Westernculturesvaluedirecteyecontact(交流)andtrainkidsto"lookpeopleintheeye".和CommunityConnections中的信息Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou.可知答案為Holdthedooropenforthepersonbehindyou./Lookpeopleintheeyewhilecommunicatinginwesterncultures.根據(jù)前句Activelisteningisacommunicationskillinwhichthelistenershowsaclearunderstandingofwhatapersonissaying.可知this指的是activelistening.Ithinkmycommunicationskillsaregood.BecauseIcanexpressmyselfwellandatthesametimeI'manactivelistener./Ithinkmycommunicationskillsarepoor.BecauseI'mtoonervoustoexpressmyselfinfrontofthepublic./...(結(jié)合自身實際合理作答即可)二、⑴Shewasinapark.Shefeltcheerful.Whentheunexpectedtroublescome,Iwillnothaveapositiveattitude,becauseIwillbenervous.【解析】短文中作者描寫了他在公園里遇到的一個小女孩，當(dāng)風(fēng)把她的氣球吹走的時候，她沒有哭，反而高興地喊起來。由此作者想要告訴我們，生活中總是會有一些意想不到的麻煩，但是用什么樣的態(tài)度去對待它是我們的選擇。根據(jù)第一段LastspringIwaswalkinginapark.Infrontofmetherewasamumandher3-year-olddaughter.可知，作者是在公園里散步的時候看到了一個小女孩，由此可知小女孩是在公園里。故填Shewasinapark.根據(jù)第三段Asthelittlegirlturnedtowatchherballoonrisetothesky,shecheerfullyshoutedout,"Wow!"可知，當(dāng)這個女孩的氣球被風(fēng)吹走了的時候，作者以為她會哭，但是她沒有，她很歡快地大喊。故填Shefeltcheerful.此題是開放性的。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段Onethingisforsure—lifeisalwaysgoingtoputusoffbalancewiththingswedon'texpect.Buthowweacttothemisourchoice.Wecanchoosetobediscouragedorinterested.可知，生活總是給我們意想不到的事情，如何反應(yīng)是我們自己的選擇，我們可以選擇沮喪或者是感興趣。因此這個答案可以從兩個方面來回答。參考答案：當(dāng)意想不到的麻煩來的時候，我不會有積極的心態(tài)，因為我會緊張。即：Whentheunexpectedtroublescome,Iwillnothaveapositiveattitude,becauseIwillbenervous.當(dāng)堂檢測10%./10percent./Tenpercent.Itcomesfromindustry.Becauseitwasthefirsttimeinhistorythatmostoftheworld'scountriespromisedtotakeactiontodealwithclimateproblems./Becauseitsetupagoalofcuttingdowntheearthtemperaturetolessthan20.No,itwon't.Thefuturealsodependsonhowwelleachcountrywillcarryouttheirpromises.Icanplantmoretrees.【解析】這篇短文給我們講述的是在2015年12月12號，在巴黎舉行的一次會議，這次會議上世界上大多數(shù)的國家承諾采取行動應(yīng)對氣候問題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Belowisachartshowingwherethegreenhousegas(溫室氣體)comesfrom.及給出的圖示可知，由建筑物產(chǎn)生的溫室氣體占10%。故答10%./10percent./Tenpercent.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)給出的圖示可知，我們可以看到最大的數(shù)字是39%，來源于工業(yè)，故答Itcomesfromindustry.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段中Itisthefirsttimeinhistorythatmostoftheworld'scountries,richorpoor,promisedtotakeactiontodealwithclimateproblems.可以看到這次會議的重要性，它是第一次世界上的大多數(shù)國家一起承諾采取行動處理氣候問題。另外短文中TheParisAgreement(巴黎協(xié)定)setsupagoalofcuttingdowntheearthtemperaturetolessthan20.這句話也顯示出了這次會議的重要性，因為它設(shè)定了一個目標(biāo)，降低地球小于2度的溫度。故答B(yǎng)ecauseitwasthefirsttimeinhistorythatmostoftheworld'scountriespromisedtotakeactiontodealwithclimateproblems./Becauseitsetupagoalofcuttingdowntheearthtemperaturetolessthan20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文的最后一段However,theParisAgreementwon'tsolveearthwarmingbyitself.Thefuturealsodependsonhowwelleachcountrywillcarryouttheirpromises.可知，巴黎協(xié)定本身并不能解決地球變暖的問題，還需要看看每個國家踐行承諾的情況。故答No,itwon't.Thefuturealsodependsonhowwelleachcountrywillcarryouttheirpromises.開放性試題。其實有很多日常生活中的小事是我們可以做的，例如多種樹，少開車，騎自行車等，只要是能幫助減少溫室氣體排放的答案都是正確的。故參考答案為Icanplantmoretrees.作業(yè)Theyarecommonbeliefsthatfamilymembersfollow.No,theydidn't.Ithelpsthemgetabetterunderstandingwiththeirparents.Takemoreexerciseandkeepahealthydiet.Itcanmakeusstrongandhealthy.【解析】這篇文章是關(guān)于家訓(xùn)的，介紹了一些浙江的學(xué)生們的家訓(xùn)以及他們對家訓(xùn)的看法。原文Theyarecommonbeliefs(信仰)thatfamilymembersfollow.(他們是家庭成員遵循的共同信仰)說明了家訓(xùn)的定義。故填Theyarecommonbeliefsthatfamilymembersfollow.原文SomeschoolsinZhej