804-英語寫作與翻譯-2023年廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試卷

歡迎報(bào)考廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)碩士研究生，祝你考試成功?。ǖ?頁共4頁）PAGEPAGE2廣東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試卷考試年度：2023年考試科目代碼及名稱：804-英語寫作與翻譯適用專業(yè)：050201英語語言文學(xué)［友情提醒：請(qǐng)?jiān)诳键c(diǎn)提供的專用答題紙上答題，答在本卷或草稿紙上無效?。軵artIWriting(100分)1.SummaryWriting(40分)Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andwriteasummaryofabout300wordsforitinyourownwords.Directlycopyingsentencesfromthepassagewillresultindeductionofgrades.WritedownyoursummaryontheAnswerSheet.UnderstandingCultureTheoretically,humanverbalcommunicationcanbeconsideredaprocesswithtwoextremeends:intraculturalcommunicationandinterculturalcommunication.However,communicatorsarepracticallyalwaysbetween,closerorfurthertooneoftheends,creatingandinterpretingmeaningbyusingtheirexistinglinguistictools.Soitwouldbeamistaketotalkaboutadichotomy.Thereisnosuchthingaspureintraculturalcommunicationorinterculturalcommunication.Whatwehaveissomethinginbetween,onacontinuumwiththetwohypotheticalends.IbelievethatthisapproachcanhelpusbetterunderstandELF(EnglishasLinguaFranca).Butbeforeweexplainhowthecontinuumworksweneedtodefinecultureasunderstoodinthisbook.WeadoptBatesandPlog’sdefinitionaccordingtowhichcultureis“thesystemofsharedbeliefs,norms,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofsocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother”(1980:6).However,culturecannotbeseenassomethingthatis“carved”ineverymemberofaparticularsocietyorcommunity.Itcanbemade,changed,manipulated,anddroppedonthespot.Infact,itisnotculturethatcanbechanged,manipulated,anddroppedintalkandlifeingeneralbutitsmanifestation.Gumperz(1982)andGumperzandRoberts(1991)talkedaboutthefactthat“culture”isnotpresentincommunicationinthe“old”senseofatranscendentidentitythatiscomposedofvaluesandnormsandlinearlyrelatedtoformsofbehavior.Culturalphenomenainspeecharecontingent,situational,andemergentinnature.ThemainargumentoftheapproachrepresentedbyGumperz,Hymes,Blommaert,Rampton,andothersisthatthereisnosinglelanguage,culture,orcommunicativestyle.Whatwehaveislanguage,culture,andcommunicativestyleinstantiatedinseveralgroupandindividualvarieties.Ininterculturalcommunication,speakershavea“repertoire”ofvarietiesofstyles,andacombinationofstyles,whicharedeployedaccordingtocommunicativeneedsinthechangingcontext.Thenationalityorethnicmembershipofpeoplemaysuggestthepossibilityofethnicorculturalmarkingincommunicativebehavior.However,theinterplayofseveraldifferentfactorsaffectstheemergenceof“ethnically”or“culturallymarked”aspectsofcommunicativebehaviorthatismostfrequentlydominatedbyotherthanculturalfactors.Thisapproach,however,shouldnotmeanthatthereisnothingrelativelystableandunifyinginculture.Onthisissue,thereisasignificantdifferencebetweentheconstructivistviewrepresentedbyBlommaert,Gumperz,andRamptonandthesocio-cognitiveapproachpromotedbyKecskes(2010,2013,2014).Thedifferencebetweentheconstructivistviewandthesocio-cognitiveapproachliesintheunderstandingofthenatureofexisting“communicativerepertoires”andthewaystheserepertoiresaredeployed.Accordingtothesocio-cognitiveapproach,existingcommunicativerepertoireshavebeendevelopedfrompriorexperienceandcommunicativeencountersinalanguageorlanguagesincludingthecommonlanguageofcommunication,thatis,EnglishinELF(Kecskes2013b).Whattheonline,insitucreationofculturemeansissimilartowhatonline,actualmeaningconstructionmeans:thebringingaboutofsomethingrelativelynewneededintheactualsituationalcontextbyusingandblendingexistingrepertoiresandnewlyemergentelementsCulture,justlikemeaning,ischaracterizedbybothregularityandvariety.Itcertainlyismorethanjustanonlinecreatedandco-constructedphenomenon.Incommunication,interlocutorscanrelyontwotypesofrepositoryofpriorexperienceandencounters:lexicalunitsandcommunicativestyles.Likelexicalitems,culturalpatterns(oftenexpressedindifferentcommunicativestyles)codepriorexperienceandencounters,i.e.,relativelystandardculturalbehaviormodelsandexpectationswhichareactivatedinagivensituationalcontext.Hereis,forinstance,anexchangebetweenalibrarianandastudent(bothnonnativespeakersofEnglish)STUDENT:-Iamreturningthesebooks.LIBRARIAN:-CanIseeyourlibrarycard,please?STUDENT:-Hereyouare...LIBRARIAN:-Doyouwanttoextendtheduedateofanyofthesebooks?STUDENT:-No,thankyou.LIBRARIAN:-Hereisyourcard.Youareallset.Aswecansee,inthecourseoftheinteractiontheseexistingmodels(librarian–customerframe)aremodifiedandblendedwithsituationallyemergentnewelements(adhocgeneratedexpressions).Thisprocessofblendingthatreliesbothonexistingandemergingfactorsconstitutesthecommunicativeencounter.Blendingmeansjoiningexistingandemergingelements/factorsintonewintercultures.Sointheinteraction,thecommunicativerepertoiresofspeakersarenotjustdeployedbutareactuallymodifiedandblendedwithemergingelementsastheprocessdevelops.Thesocio-cognitiveapproachemphasizesthatthis“interculture”creationmeansnotjustputtingtogetherwhatwehaveandbringingaboutathirdphenomenonwhichisneitherthisnorthat,butactuallygivingsensetothecommunicativerepertoiresandchangingthembyrelatingthemtotheactualsituationalcontextthatalsoaddstoortakesawaysomethingfromwhatisexisting.Culturalconstructsandmodelschangediachronically,whileculturalrepresentationandspeechproductionbyindividualschangessynchronically.FromtheperspectiveofELF,itisimportantthattheparticipantsinthisconversationrelyonexistingENLpatterns(interactionframebetweenlibrarianandcustomer).Theyarecomfortablewiththoseinthiscontextbecausetheybothknowthemquitewell.Sothereisnoproblemforthemtobehaveaccordingtotherequirementsofthegivenculturalpattern.However,thisisnotalwaysthecaseinELFwhentheculturalframeismissing,isnotrecognizedbytheparties,orisinterpreteddifferentlybythem.EssayWriting(60分)Directions:AccordingtoResolutionoftheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaontheMajorAchievementsandHistoricalExperienceofthePartyoverthePastCentury,“Wemustadheretoapeople-centeredapproachinideologicalwork,upholdsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,rallypublicsupport,fosteranewgenerationwithsoundvaluesandethics,developChineseculture,andbuildabetternationalimage.”InwhatwayscanabetternationalimageofChinabebuilt,inyouropinion?Writenolessthan800wordsontheAnswerSheet.PartIITranslation(50分)English-ChineseTranslation(25分)Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Brandsacrificeinitiallyhitmeasathrough-the-looking-glassmomentinwhicheverythingisturnedupside-down.However,diggingmoredeeply,Ifoundevidencethatresponsiblecompanyactionmaybeonewayofundoingwhatmorethanacenturyofgrowingconsumerismhascreated—andbusinessisbenefittingintheprocess.TakePatagonia（巴塔哥尼亞，戶外品牌）,forexample.Thecompanyisseveralyearsintoa“buyless”campaignthataskscurrentcustomerstowearwhattheyhaveuntilitisthreadbare.Theresult:an

increaseinsales.CEOYvonChouinard（伊馮?喬納德）

told

Inc.

magazine,“Iknowitsoundscrazy,buteverytimeIhavemadeadecisionthatisbestfortheplanet,Ihavemademoney.Ourcustomersknowthat—andtheywanttobepartofthatenvironmentalcommitment.”Whatisnotcleariswhethertheseareoldcustomersfeelinggoodabouttradingup,ornewcustomersmigratingfrombrandslesswillingtosacrifice.Luthy（盧西）toldmethatconsumersarerewarding“humanbrands”thatdisplayhonesty,transparency,andawillingnesstoadmitwhentheyarewrong.Brandsacrificealsoreflectstheideathatconsumersareholdingcompaniestostricterstandardsthantheyholdforthemselves.Henotedthatmanypeoplethinkit’sagoodideatotakefewerflightsingeneral,butdatarevealsthatairtravelisup—fewindividualsseemwillingtocuttheir

own

flying.Whenitcomestocorporatebehavior,however,Luthysaysthat“nohypocrisyisallowed,andthestandardsaregettinghigher.”T