直接引語變間接引語及其注意事項

直接引語變間接引語及其注意事項引述別人的話時，一般采用兩種方式：一是引用別人的原話，把它放在引號內(nèi)，稱為直接引語；二是用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號內(nèi)，稱為間接引語。間接引語在大多數(shù)情況下是一個賓語從語。直接引語變成間接引語時，要注意以下幾點：人稱變化、時態(tài)變化、賓語從句要用陳述句語序。1?直接引語是陳述句，變成間接引語時，由連詞that引導。例如：Shesaid,"Iamveryhappytohelpyou.JShesaidthatshewasveryhappytohelpyou.直接引語是一般（選擇/反意）疑問句，變成間接引語時，由連詞whether或if引導。例如：Heaskedme,"Doyoulikeplayingfootball?"—Heaskedmeif/whetherIlikedplayingfootball.注意：大多數(shù)情況下，if和whether可以互換，但后有ornot,或在動詞不定式前，或放在介詞后作連接詞時，一般只用whether。例如：Sheaskedmewhetherhecoulddoitornot.Hehesitatedaboutwhethertodriveortakethetrain.直接引語是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時，由相應的疑問詞who,whom,whose,how,when,why,where等弓丨導。例如：Mysisteraskedme,"Howdoyoulikethefilm?"—MysisteraskedmehowIlikedthefilm.直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，并在動詞不定前加tell,ask,order等的賓語。例如：Thecaptainordered,"Bequiet."—Thecaptainorderedustobequiet.注意：此種情況的否定句，在動詞不定式前加not。Myteacheraskedme,"Don'tlaugh."—Myteacheraskedmenottolaugh.一些注意事項⑴直接引語是客觀事實、普遍真理等，變成間接引語時，時態(tài)不變。例如:Theytoldtheirson,"Theearthgoesroundthesun.JTheytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.直接引語變間接引語時，指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等要作相應的變化。女如this/thatfthese/those,now—then,today—thatday,yesterday—thedaybefore,lastyear—theyearbefore,ago—before,here—there等。例如：Hesaid,"Ihaven'tseenhertoday."—Hesaidthathehadn'tseenherthatday.注意：如果轉(zhuǎn)述時就在原來的地方，就在說話的當天，就不必改變指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語等。間接引語一般要用陳述句的語序，即主、謂、賓的順序。例如：HeaskedLucy,"Wheredidyougo?"—HeaskedLucywhereshewent.Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?"—TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.直接引語和間接引語用法精講引述別人的話有兩種方式：一是使用引號引出人家的原話，這叫做直接引語；一是用自己的話把人家的話轉(zhuǎn)述出來，這叫做間接引語。例如：Johnsaid,"I'mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather."約翰說："我要和父親到倫敦去。"(引號內(nèi)是直接引語)JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.約翰說，他要和他父親去倫敦。(賓語從句是間接引語)由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語，分以下情況：直接引語是陳述句時間接引語為that引導的賓語從句(口語中that可以省略)，主句的引述動詞主要有say,tell,repeat,explain,think等。Hesaid,"YouareyoungerthanI."-'Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.

2?直接引語是疑問句時間接引語為陳述語序：主句的謂語動詞say改為ask，或改為wonder,donotknow,wanttoknow,benotsure,bepuzzled等。一般疑問句或反意疑問句變?yōu)閕f(whether)引導的賓語從句。Shesaid,"Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?"—Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.Sheaskedme,"Youhaveseenthefilm,haven'tyou?"—Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.選擇疑問句變?yōu)閣hether....or賓語從句。Iaskedhim,"Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?"—Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(3)特殊疑問句變?yōu)橛稍瓉淼囊蓡栐~引導的賓語從句。Heasked,"Wheredoyoulive?"—HeaskedmewhereIlived.3?直接引語是祈使句時間接引語為不定式，作ask,tell,beg,order,warn,advise等動詞的賓語補足語(don't變?yōu)閚ot).Theteachersaidtotheboy,"Openthewindow.JTheteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.Hisfathersaidtohim,"Don'tleavethedooropen."—Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.［注意］(1)有些表示建議、提議、勸告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest,insist等動詞加以轉(zhuǎn)述。例如：Hesaid,"Let'sgotothetheatre."—Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(2)"Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?"heasked.—Heaskedmetoopenthewindow."Whydon'tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?"heasked.—headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper."Shallwelistentothemusic?"heasked.—Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.4?直接引語是感嘆句時間接引語為what或how引導，也可以用that引導。Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"—Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.5?如果主句謂語動詞為各種現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，則間接引語中的動詞仍保持直接引語原來時態(tài)。如果主句謂語動詞為過去時，間接引語中的動詞時態(tài)按下列變化：一般現(xiàn)在時變?yōu)橐话氵^去時現(xiàn)在進行時變?yōu)檫^去進行時一般將來時變?yōu)檫^去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時變?yōu)檫^去完成時

—般過去時變?yōu)檫^去完成時過去完成時不變，仍為過去完成時［注意］如果直接引語是表示客觀真理時，變?yōu)殚g接引語，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：Theteachersaid"Theearthgoesroundthesun."—Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.如果直接引語中有明確表示過時間的狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，一般過去時不改為過去完成時。如：Hesaidtome,"Iwasbornin1973."—Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.如果直接引語所述事實在當時和目前同樣生效，變?yōu)殚g接賓語時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：Hesaid,"I'maboy,notagirl."—Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.如果直接引語中的謂語動詞表示一種反復出現(xiàn)或習慣動作，在變?yōu)殚g接引時，一般現(xiàn)在時不改為一般過去時。如：Thegirlsaid,"Igetupatsixeverymorning."—Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.⑸如果直接引語中含有since,when,while引導的表示過去時間的狀語從句，在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，只改變主句中的謂語動詞，從句的一般過去時則不變。如：Hesaidtome,"IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere."—HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.⑹如果直接引語中含有情態(tài)動詞must,need,hadbetter以及情態(tài)動詞的過去式could,might,should,would,在變?yōu)殚g接引語時，這些情態(tài)動詞沒有時態(tài)的改變。例如：Theteachersaidtome."Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation."—TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.Hesaid,"IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix."—Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.6?代詞等一般地應作用相應的變化，變化方法見下表。指示代詞this thesethese those表示時間的詞now thentoday thatdaythisweek(month,etc) thatweek(month,etc)yesterday thedaybeforelastweek(month,etc) theweek(month,etc)beforethreedays(ayear,etc)ago threedays(ayear.etc)beforetomorrow thenext(following)day

nextweek(month,etc) thenext(following)week(month,etc)表地點的詞here there動詞bring takecome go高一英語：直接引語和間接引語練習題I?請選出正確的答案:“You'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?”sheasked.—Sheasked .ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyouwhetherIhadalreadygotwellhaveIalreadygotwellhadIalreadygotwell.Heasked, “AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?—Heaskedme .amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberwhetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember.Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”—Heasked howamIgettingalonghowareyougettingalonghowIwasgettingalonghowwasIgettingalongHeaskedme withme.whatthematterisB.whatthematerwasC.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematterHesaid,“Don'tdothatagain.”He me thatagain.A.saidtome；nottodoB.saidtome；don'tdoC.toldme；don'tdoD.toldme；nottodoCanyoumakesureA.thathewillcomeheretodayB.whenhewillcomeheretodayC.willhecomeheretoday D.whetherwillhecomeheretodayA.whereisheraddressC.whatheraddressisDoyouhappentoknow A.whereisheraddressC.whatheraddressisinwhichplaceisheraddress

D.theplaceheraddressisExcuseme,butcanyoutellme ?A.wherecanIgettothelibraryB.whereIcangettothelibraryhowcanIgettothelibrary D.howIcangettothelibraryJohnaskedme tovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.A.howwouldIlike B.ifornotwouldIlikeC.whetherIwouldlike D.whichIwouldlikeI'dliketoknow Chinese.A.whenhebegantolearn B.whendidhebegintolearnC.whendidhebeginlearning D.forhowlonghebegantolearn將下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語：“Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”hisfathersaidtohim.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghaionbusinessnextmonth,children”“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays,”saidMary.Thegeographyteachersaidtous,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.”Shesaidtohim,“It'stimethatyoulefthere.”ZhangHongsaidtome,“DoctorWangpassedawayin1948.”Johnsaidtohisparents,“Ihadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.”Thehistoryteachersaidtothem“TheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?”“HaveyouanythinginterestingIcanread,George?”shesaid.“She'sheretoaskforhelp,isn'tshe?”heasked.“Whereareyougoing?”thefatheraskedhisson.“Areyousorryforwhatyouhavedone?”themotheraskedthenaughtyboy.Shesaid“DidyoumeetthismanatthestationtwohoursagoMr.Li?”“Writeyournamesonyourpapersfirst,”theteachersaidtous.“Pleasecomehereagaintomorrow,”herfriendsaidtoher.“Letmepacktheparcelforyou,”hesaid.“Don'tmakesomuchnoiseinclass,boysandgirls,”saidtheteacher.“Whatalovelydayitis!”“HappyNewYeartoyou!”hesaid.把下列句子變?yōu)橹苯右Z：ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.Hisfathertoldhimnottoclimbthathightreeinhisnewcoat.Thestrangeraskedmewhatmynamewas.Shesaidthatshewouldfinishherworkthenextday.Theteacheraskedifwecoulddoit.Thecommanderorderedhismennottocrosstheriverbeforedawn.Myteacheraskedwhetherhewascoming.ThescientistaskedmewhatIwasdoing.答案1~5BCCDD6~10ACDCA11.Hisfathertoldhimthatheshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.Mr.WangtoldthechildrenthathewouldleaveforShanghaionbusinessthenextmonth.Marysaidthatshehadn'theardfromherparentsthosedays.Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthandtheearthgoesroundthesun.Shetoldhimthatitwastimethatheleftthere.ZhangHongtoldmethatDoctorWangpassedawayin1948.Johntoldhisparentsthathehadlearned500Chinesewordsbytheendoflastterm.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChineseCommunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st, 192HeaskedwhetherIwasastudent.SheaskedGeorgeifhehadanythinginterestingshecouldread.Heaskedwhethershewastheretoaskforhelpornot.Thefatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing.Themotheraskedthenaughtyboyifhewassorryforwhathehaddone.SheaskedMr.Liwhetherhehadmetthatmanatthestationtwohoursbefore.Theteachertoldustowriteournamesonourpapersfirst.Herfriendaskedhertogothereagainthenext/followingday.Heofferedtopacktheparcelforme.Theteachertoldtheboysandgirlsnottomakesomuchnoiseinclass.He/Sheexclaimedthatitwasreallyalovelyday.HewishedmeaHappyNewYear.III.Isaidtohim,“Ihavelostmymoney.Iwillfindit.”Sheasked,“Youwillbefreetomorrow,won'tyou?”Iaskedher,“Whereareyougoingandwhatareyougoingtodotomorrow?”Hisfathersaid,“Don'tclimbthishightreeinyournewcoat.”Thestrangerasked,“What'syourname?”“I'llfinishmyworktomorrow,”shesaid.Theteacherasked,“Canyoudoit?”Thecommanderorderedhismen,“Don'tcrosstheriverbeforedawn.”Myteacherasked,“Ishecoming?”Thescientistaskedme,“Whatareyoudoing?”直接引語和間接引語直接引語種類間接引語的連接詞直接引語一間接引語原則例句其他注意事項陳述句that(口語省略)去掉“”，加that；時態(tài)向更早推一步；人稱、狀語作相應變化直:Shesaidtome,“Iseehimtoday”間：Shetoldme(that)shesawhimthatday.(1)人稱變化：一隨主，二隨賓，二不變；就是間接引語中，賓語從句如是一人稱，則與主句主語相同；如賓語從句主語如是二人稱，則與主句賓語相同，三人稱不變。(3)指示代詞、地點狀語和時間狀語變化：this-that;these-those;一般疑問句if/whether去掉“”,加if/whether;陳述語序；時態(tài)向更早推一步；人稱、狀語作相應變化直:Sheasks/asked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”間：Sheasks/askedmeif/whetherIhave/hadseenthefilm.特殊疑問句直接引語的疑問詞去掉“”；陳述語序，去掉助動詞；時態(tài)向更早推一步；人稱、狀語作相應變化直: They askhim,"Whendoyouharvestthewheat?"間：Theyaskhimwhenheharveststhewheat.祈使句無肯定式用ask/tell/ordersb.todo;(1)Theteachersaystotheboy,“Openthe否定式用ask/tell/ordersb.nottodowindow