汽車?yán)碚搶?shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

南京理工大學(xué)紫金學(xué)院實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)科目：序號(hào)實(shí)驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目實(shí)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)老師成績(jī)12345678班級(jí)：學(xué)生姓名：學(xué)號(hào)：實(shí)驗(yàn)綜合成績(jī)：汽車?yán)碚搶?shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)一汽車加速性實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?.學(xué)習(xí)汽車加速性能的測(cè)試方法。2.了解試驗(yàn)用儀器的主要結(jié)構(gòu)、工作原理和使用方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容在試驗(yàn)道路上，選取合適長(zhǎng)度的路段，作為加速性能試驗(yàn)路段，在兩端各放置標(biāo)桿作為記號(hào)。1.汽車原地起步加速試驗(yàn)①用汽車多功能測(cè)試儀記錄加速過(guò)程的速度、時(shí)間、行駛距離；②汽車停在加速試驗(yàn)路段起點(diǎn)，駕駛員按規(guī)定作好準(zhǔn)備；③試驗(yàn)員按“START”鍵，同時(shí)以常用起步擋（轎車為I擋，貨車為II擋）起步；④駕駛員按最佳換檔時(shí)刻迅速地?fù)Q至最高擋，節(jié)氣門處于最大開(kāi)度，全力加速到80%最高車速或自己所需車速時(shí)，按“STOP”鍵停止記錄；⑤試驗(yàn)往返兩個(gè)方向各進(jìn)行一次，測(cè)量區(qū)段應(yīng)盡量重合；⑥試驗(yàn)結(jié)果取平均值，繪制汽車原地起步加速曲線，即車速-ua-t)曲線和車速-加速距離（ua-s)曲線，根據(jù)曲線評(píng)定汽車的原地起步加速性能；⑦說(shuō)明：可稍提前按“START”鍵，儀器自動(dòng)從車速大于0時(shí)刻開(kāi)始記錄。2.汽車直接擋加速試驗(yàn)①用汽車多功能測(cè)試儀記錄加速過(guò)程的速度、時(shí)間、行駛距離；②汽車在直接擋以預(yù)定的車速（從稍高于該擋最低穩(wěn)定車速起，選5的整數(shù)倍之速度如20、25、30、35、40km/h)作等速行駛，用汽車多功能測(cè)試儀監(jiān)測(cè)初速度；③當(dāng)車速穩(wěn)定后（偏差±1km/h)，駛?cè)朐囼?yàn)路段，試驗(yàn)員按“START”鍵，同時(shí)駕駛員迅速將到底以最大的加速加速踏板踩度使車速提高；④當(dāng)車速達(dá)到該擋位最高車速的80%或自己所需車速時(shí)，按“STOP”鍵停止記錄；⑤試驗(yàn)往返兩個(gè)方向各進(jìn)行一次，測(cè)量區(qū)段應(yīng)盡量重合；⑥試驗(yàn)結(jié)果取平均值，繪制汽車直接擋加速曲線，即車速-加速時(shí)間（ua-t)曲線和車速-加速距離（ua-s)曲線，根據(jù)曲線評(píng)定汽車的直接擋加速性能。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析汽車原地起步加速性能試驗(yàn)記錄表時(shí)間（s）速度(km/h)距離(m)時(shí)間(s)速度(km/h)距離(m)12.030.171433.7371.8525.91.211532.9981.08310.693.641634.4790.40413.827.041736.13100.17517.3311.371837.05110.43619.7216.601940.55121.16720.4622.252043.32132.66820.4627.792144.97144.74921.0133.422247.00157.581022.8639.622349.4170.961125.846.482449.21184.571229.3154.122550.14198.291331.8962.572650.32212.26

Fit-3LinearmodelPoly4:f(x)=p1*x^4+p2*x^3+p3*x^2+p4*x+p5Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=-0.0003905(-0.0006102,-0.0001709)p2=0.02211(0.0106,0.03363)p3=-0.4297(-0.6271,-0.2322)p4=5.088(3.86,6.316)p5=-1.313(-3.527,0.9012)Goodnessoffit:SSE:40.92R-square:0.9932AdjustedR-square:0.9919RMSE:1.364Fit-4LinearmodelPoly4:f(x)=p1*x^4+p2*x^3+p3*x^2+p4*x+p5Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=0.000154(6.036e-005,0.0002477)p2=-0.009115(-0.01403,-0.004204)p3=0.4286(0.3444,0.5128)p4=0.5327(0.009126,1.056)p5=-0.7848(-1.729,0.1595)Goodnessoffit:SSE:7.443R-square:0.9999AdjustedR-square:0.9999RMSE:0.5817直接檔加速試驗(yàn)t(s)01234v(km/h)3536.3135.764042.02s(m)09.7920.1530.9842.285678943.544.9744.4247.1949.5854.1866.5979.0992.08105.62Fit-1LinearmodelPoly4:f(x)=p1*x^4+p2*x^3+p3*x^2+p4*x+p5Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=0.01699(-0.002003,0.03599)p2=-0.3088(-0.6535,0.03596)p3=1.745(-0.2656,3.756)p4=-1.482(-5.577,2.613)p5=35.28(32.92,37.64)Goodnessoffit:SSE:4.499R-square:0.98AdjustedR-square:0.9641RMSE:0.9485Fit-2LinearmodelPoly4:f(x)=p1*x^4+p2*x^3+p3*x^2+p4*x+p5Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=0.0002812(-0.001438,0.002)p2=-0.01004(-0.04123,0.02115)p3=0.3216(0.1397,0.5036)p4=9.443(9.073,9.814)p5=0.0157(-0.1979,0.2293)Goodnessoffit:SSE:0.03683R-square:1AdjustedR-square:1RMSE:0.08583實(shí)驗(yàn)二汽車滑行實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?.學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車的滑行距離的方法，檢查汽車底盤部分的調(diào)整狀況。2.學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車在某種道路上行駛時(shí)的滾動(dòng)阻力系數(shù)f的方法。3.學(xué)習(xí)測(cè)定汽車的空氣阻力系數(shù)的方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)方法①在長(zhǎng)約1000m的試驗(yàn)路段兩端立上標(biāo)桿作為滑行區(qū)段；②選擇“動(dòng)力性試驗(yàn)”項(xiàng)中的“滑行”試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)，并按“MENU”鍵，進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)界面；③汽車駛?cè)牖袇^(qū)段前，車速應(yīng)稍大于50km/h，在即將駛?cè)牖袇^(qū)段前，變速器置入空檔，并松開(kāi)離合器踏板，作滑行行駛；④在進(jìn)入滑行區(qū)段后，當(dāng)車速為50km/h時(shí)試驗(yàn)員按下“START”鍵開(kāi)始測(cè)量；⑤滑行過(guò)程中，應(yīng)保持直線行駛，不得轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向盤，不允許使用制動(dòng)器，直到停車為止；⑥儀器自動(dòng)記錄從車速50km/h開(kāi)始，到汽車停止的整個(gè)滑行過(guò)程的滑行距離和滑行時(shí)間；⑦試驗(yàn)至少往返各滑行一次，往返試驗(yàn)的路段應(yīng)重合。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析t(s)v(km/s)s(m)02004010.51153.2119.545.384110.14155.9218.6210.77429.77158.58318.6215.57439.77161.17415.4820.56448.85163.83518.0625.53459.22166.36618.4330.52469.4168.94714.7535.3479.22171.38818.6240.05489.58173.84918.4344.81498.48176.151017.3349.02509.22178.541117.3353.11518.29180.961210.6956.68527.93183.291315.8561.03538.29185.671411.9865.27548.85188.011516.2269.4558.48190.321615.4873.08567.56192.611715.8577.02578.11194.761815.1181.04588.29197.111914.9385.16597.37199.282013.4689.14607.74201.542113.8292.97617.93203.822214.0196.88628.11206.082313.09100.22638.48208.322410.14103.67648.48210.522513.46106.96655.9212.652613.46110.56668.11214.792711.98114.09677.37216.812811.98117.52687.74218.962912.53120.76697.56220.983012.35124.06707.37223.063111.8127.32718.11225.253211.06130.61729.58227.723311.8133.687311.06230.463410.87136.7749.4233.23511.06139.72759.58235.693610.32142.4769.4238.233710.51144.96779.58240.853810.51147.73788.48243.393910.14150.42799.22245.83809.4248.281007.93292.95818.66250.771017.56294.99829.03253.191027.19296.99839.4255.61035.35298.84849.42581046.82300.64859.03260.461056.45302.34867.93262.81065.35304.06878.85265.241075.9305.69888.48267.481084.79307.13898.66269.731095.35308.67907.37271.921105.35310.14918.48274.221115.35311.54928.29276.391124.42312.83938.48278.451134.79314.14945.9280.561144.42315.32957.74282.631154.24316.5967284.661164.24317.59977.19286.831173.5318.61987.56288.851182.58319.51994.61290.85Fit-1LinearmodelPoly1:f(x)=p1*x+p2Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=-0.09881(-0.1082,-0.08945)p2=15.74(15.1,16.38)Goodnessoffit:SSE:367R-square:0.7888AdjustedR-square:0.787RMSE:1.771Fit-2LinearmodelPoly2:f(x)=p1*x^2+p2*x+p3Coefficients(with95%confidencebounds):p1=-0.01042(-0.01113,-0.009701)p2=3.828(3.74,3.915)p3=12.5(10.27,14.72)Goodnessoffit:SSE:2002R-square:0.9979AdjustedR-square:0.9979RMSE:4.154計(jì)算：由上圖的擬合曲線可知由此可見(jiàn)路面狀況良好實(shí)驗(yàn)三汽車制動(dòng)性實(shí)驗(yàn)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康牧私馄囍苿?dòng)性能的試驗(yàn)方法。二、實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容①開(kāi)動(dòng)汽車多功能測(cè)試儀，選擇“動(dòng)力性試驗(yàn)”中“制動(dòng)”試驗(yàn)項(xiàng)，進(jìn)入試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示狀態(tài)；②試驗(yàn)時(shí)，汽車初速為30km/h左右，汽車以預(yù)定的初速穩(wěn)定行駛；③汽車行至試驗(yàn)區(qū)段時(shí)，按口令以最大減速度制動(dòng)至停車。制動(dòng)時(shí)，離合器分離或變速器置于空擋；④當(dāng)踩下踏板開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)，儀器自動(dòng)記錄直至速度為零這段時(shí)間的初速度、制動(dòng)距離和時(shí)間；⑤試驗(yàn)往返進(jìn)行各一次；⑥試驗(yàn)中，必須注意扶緊車廂板，以免碰傷人或碰壞儀器；⑦制動(dòng)初速度在規(guī)定的>土10%的距離按范圍里，制動(dòng)距離按下式校正。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析v(km/h)t(s)v(km/h)t(s)v(km/h)t(s)v(km/h)t(s)31.150310.331.150.6429.680.9431.330310.3331.150.6829.860.9831.330.04310.3630.60.7129.681.0130.970.07310.430.60.7329.681.0430.970.09310.4330.230.7629.491.0830.780.13310.4729.860.7828.941.1130.970.16310.529.490.8129.121.1331.150.2310.5429.490.8428.751.1730.970.23310.5729.490.8728.751.230.970.26310.6129.680.928.571.2328.571.26311.6131.891.9531.332.2928.571.3311.6431.71.9931.332.3229.311.33311.6831.72.0231.332.3629.681.37311.7231.72.0631.332.430.041.4311.7531.72.0931.332.4330.411.44321.7831.72.1231.152.4630.781.47321.8231.522.1631.332.530.61.5321.8531.72.1931.332.5330.781.54321.8931.522.2231.522.5730.781.57321.9231.522.2631.72.631.522.64322.9830.973.3131.153.6531.522.67323.0131.153.3431.153.6931.332.7313.0431.333.3831.153.7231.332.74313.0831.523.4231.153.7531.332.77313.1131.333.4531.153.7831.522.8313.1431.153.4831.523.8231.522.84313.1731.153.5231.333.8631.332.87313.2131.333.5531.333.8931.522.9313.2431.333.5831.333.9231.522.94313.2831.153.6231.153.9631.333.99314.3331.334.6731.155.0131.334.02314.3631.334.730.975.0431.154.06324.431.334.7430.785.0730.974.09324.4431.524.7730.65.131.154.12324.4731.334.8130.65.1331.154.16314.531.524.8430.65.1731.334.19324.5431.524.8830.65.231.154.23314.5731.524.9130.65.2431.154.26314.631.334.9430.65.2731.154.3324.6431.334.9830.415.330.65.33305.6630.045.9929.686.3130.415.37305.729.866.0229.866.3430.65.4305.7329.686.0529.686.3830.415.44305.7629.686.0829.866.4130.65.47305.7929.496.1129.866.4430.415.5305.8229.496.1429.866.4730.235.54305.8629.686.1829.866.530.235.57305.8929.686.2130.046.5430.235.6305.9229.866.2429.866.5730.235.63305.9629.866.2829.866.630.046.64306.9529.127.2728.947.5830.046.67296.9829.317.328.757.6130.046.7307.0229.317.3428.577.6430.046.73307.0529.127.3728.577.6730.046.76307.0829.127.428.577.729.866.8297.1229.317.4328.757.7429.686.82307.1429.317.4628.577.7729.686.86297.1829.127.4928.397.829.496.89297.2129.127.5228.397.8329.496.92297.2429.127.5528.577.8628.577.89288.1927.18.4826.738.7728.397.92288.2227.18.5126.548.828.397.95288.2526.918.5426.738.8328.397.98288.2827.18.5726.548.8628.398.01288.3126.918.626.738.8828.28.04288.3427.18.6326.548.9228.028.07278.3727.18.6626.548.9428.28.1278.426.918.6926.368.9728.028.13278.4226.918.7226.54928.028.16278.4526.738.7426.369.0326.369.06269.3425.079.624.79.8726.369.08269.3625.079.6324.519.926.549.11269.3924.889.6624.519.9226.369.14269.4224.79.6824.519.9526.369.17259.4424.79.7124.339.9726.179.2259.4724.79.7424.331025.999.23259.524.79.7624.3310.0225.999.25259.5224.79.7924.3310.0525.999.28259.5524.79.8224.1510.0825.999.31259.5824.519.8424.1510.124.1510.132310.3823.0410.6322.4910.8723.9610.152310.423.0410.6522.6710.8923.9610.182310.4322.8610.6822.310.9223.9610.22310.4622.8610.722.310.9423.5910.232310.4823.0410.7222.310.9623.5910.252310.522.8610.7522.310.9923.5910.282310.5322.8610.7722.1211.0123.5910.32310.5522.6710.822.1211.0323.4110.332310.5822.8610.8222.1211.0623.5910.352310.622.4910.8521.9311.0821.9311.12211.3421.211.5620.4611.7821.9311.132211.3621.0111.5920.2811.8121.9311.152211.3921.0111.6120.2811.8321.9311.182111.4120.8311.6320.2811.8521.9311.22111.4320.6411.6520.4611.8721.7511.222111.4520.8311.6720.2811.8921.7511.242111.4720.8311.720.2811.9121.7511.272111.520.6411.7220.0911.9421.5711.292111.5220.6411.7419.9111.9621.7511.322111.5420.4611.7620.0911.9819.91121912.218.2512.417.5112.5819.9112.021912.2218.0612.4217.5112.619.7212.041912.2418.0612.4317.5112.6219.7212.061912.2617.8812.4517.5112.6419.7212.081912.2817.8812.4717.5112.6619.5412.11912.317.8812.4917.3312.6819.3512.121912.3217.8812.5117.3312.719.3512.141912.3417.8812.5317.3312.7219.1712.161812.3617.6912.5517.3312.7419.1712.181812.3817.6912.5617.3312.7517.3312.771712.9615.4813.1214.3813.2717.3312.791712.9715.4813.1314.3813.2817.3312.811712.9915.313.1414.1913.317.5112.831713.0114.9313.1614.0113.3217.5112.851713.0314.7513.1714.0113.3317.3312.871713.0414.9313.1914.0113.3517.3312.881613.0614.5613.2114.1913.3617.1412.91613.0714.7513.2214.3813.3817.3312.921613.0914.3813.2414.3813.417.1412.941613.114.3813.2514.3813.4214.7513.431513.5914.9313.7614.3813.9114.7513.451513.6114.9313.7714.3813.9214.7513.461513.6314.7513.7914.1913.9414.9313.481513.6414.7513.814.1913.9514.9313.51513.6614.7513.8214.1913.9714.7513.511513.6814.7513.8314.0113.9814.9313.531513.6914.7513.8514.011414.7513.541513.7114.7513.8613.6414.0114.9313.561513.7214.5613.8813.4614.0214.9313.581513.7414.5613.8913.4614.0313.2714.051314.1912.5314.3211.9814.4513.2714.061314.212.3514.3311.9814.4613.2714.081314.2112.3514.3411.814.4713.2714.091314.2312.1714.3611.814.4813.0914.11214.2412.3514.3711.814.513.0914.121214.2512.1714.3811.814.5112.914.131214.2612.1714.411.6114.5212.914.141314.2812.1714.4111.6114.5312.914.161314.2912.1714.4211.6114.5412.914.171214.311.9814.4411.6114.5611.4314.571114.6810.3214.799.5814.8911.4314.581114.710.1414.89.414.911.4314.591114.7110.1414.819.5814.9111.4314.61114.729.9514.829.414.9211.2414.621114.739.9514.839.414.9311.2414.631114.749.7714.849.414.9411.2414.641114.759.7714.859.414.9510.8714.651114.769.7714.869.2214.9610.8714.661014.779.7714.879.2214.9710.8714.671014.789.5814.889.0314.988.8514.998.715.088.1115.177.3715.249.03158.515.097.9315.177.5615.258.8515.018.315.17.9315.187.5615.268.8515.028.515.17.9315.197.3715.278.8515.028.315.127.7415.27.1915.288.8515.048.315.127.7415.27.1915.288.6615.048.115.137.7415.217.1915.298.8515.058.115.147.5615.227.1915.38.6615.068.315.157.5615.23715.38.6615.078.315.167.5615.24715.31715.326.515.385.915.455.3515.5715.326.315.395.915.455.3515.51715.336.315.45.7115.465.1615.516.8215.346.115.45.7115.465.1615.526.8215.346.315.415.5315.475.1615.526.8215.356.115.425.5315.475.1615.536.6415.366.115.425.5315.484.9815.536.6415.366.115.435.3515.484.7915.546.4515.375.915.445.5315.494.7915.546.4515.385.915.445.3515.54.7915.544.7915.553.915.593.3215.622.7615.654.6115.563.915.593.1315.632.7615.654.6115.563.915.63.1315.632.5815.664.6115.563.915.63.1315.632.5815.664.6115.573.715.62.9515.642.415.664.4215.573.715.612.9515.642.415.664.4215.583.715.612.9515.642.415.664.4215.583.515.622.7615.642.415.674.2415.583.515.622.7615.642.2115.674.0615.593.315.622.9515.652.2115.672.0315.671.515.680.5515.68015.682.2115.671.315.680.3715.68015.682.0315.681.315.680.3715.68015.682.0315.681.115.680.1815.68015.682.0315.681.115.680.1815.68015.681.8415.680.915.680.1815.68015.681.6615.680.715.680.1815.68015.681.6615.680.715.680.1815.68015.681.4715.680.715.680.1815.68015.681.4715.680.615.68015.68015.68015.68015.680.5515.71.1115.7015.68015.680.5515.71.1115.71015.680.215.680.7415.70.9215.71015.680.215.690.7415.70.9215.71015.680.215.690.7415.70.9215.71015.680.415.690.7415.70.9215.71015.680.415.690.9215.70.9215.71015.680.415.690.9215.70.9215.71015.680.415.690.9215.70.9215.71015.680.615.690.9215.70.