初高銜接英語句子成分及基本句型課件-高中英語初高中銜接

句子成分及基本句型Thebikedoesn’twork.Wearestudents.3.Thecaketastesdelicious.4.Ihavealotoffriends.5.Tomlentme200dollars.6.WecallherLily.

主+謂主+系+表主+謂+賓主+謂+間賓+直賓主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)課前小測(cè)：一、句子成分membersofasentence句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么事名，代，數(shù)，不定式，動(dòng)名詞，短語或句子WestudyinNo.11MiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，是什么或怎么樣動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組Sheisdancingunderthetree.賓語表示動(dòng)作行為的對(duì)象同主語BothofuslikeEnglish.表語與連系動(dòng)詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Herfatherisadoctor.Hiswordssoundreasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，代，數(shù)，名,副，介詞短語或句子Wehaveeightlessonseveryday.狀語修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或句子表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，目的，方式，結(jié)果等副詞，介詞短語或句子Heworksveryhard.TheyheldapartyinHollywood.補(bǔ)語補(bǔ)足主語和賓語的意義形容詞，名詞，介詞短語等Shealwayskeepsthehouseclean.同位語在名詞或代詞之后，對(duì)前者加以說明的成分

名詞Myhometown,Chongqing,isverybeautiful.主謂是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動(dòng)詞作謂不可無！簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型:主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞主語+系+表語主語+謂語Whathappened?Heworkedhardtoday.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing.Tomisdoinghishomeworknow.（二）謂語（predicate）說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。簡(jiǎn)單謂語：由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成復(fù)雜謂語：由“助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞”組成

Walls

haveears.

He

willtakeyoutothehospital.Threeplusfourequalsseven.

Smokingisbadforyou.（一）主語（subject）是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。表示句子說的是什么人或什么事。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí)）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。名詞代詞數(shù)詞動(dòng)名詞Myfatherisa

teacher.

Who'sthat?It'sme.

Hefellsick.HishobbyisplayingbasketballHisplanistoseekworkinthecity.（三）表語（predicative）用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份等，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。

n.pron.

adj.doing.現(xiàn)在分詞todo不定式IlikeEnglish.Idon'tlikeit.Ienjoyworking.Giveme

fourplease.Weneedknowwhatothersaredoing.

（四）賓語（object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、和賓語從句等表示。

n.

pron.

v-ing

num.句子Maryisabeautifulgirl.Theyare

womenworkers.Tom’sfatherisateacher.ThosewhowanttogotoTibetaretosigntheirnameshere.5.HeisaboyinClass6.（五）定語（attribute）：修飾名詞或代詞，單詞作定語通常放在所修飾的名詞之前，前置定語短語或從句做定語時(shí)則放在名詞之后。后置定語

形容詞adj.名詞n.名詞所有格介詞短語作后置定語常見作定語：形容詞、名詞、名詞所有格、介詞短語、定語從句、非謂語（doing、done、todo)定語從句5.Heisagirlworkinghard.ItisabookwrittenbyTom.Ihavenothingtoeat.

doing非謂作后置定語done非謂作后置定語todo非謂作后置定語（六）狀語(adverbial)：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞以及全句，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨情況等。常見作狀語：副詞、介詞短語、非謂語（doing、done、todo)、狀語從句when/while/as…時(shí)間狀語從句because/as/since…原因狀語從句although/though…讓步狀語從句if/once/unless…條件狀語從句Ileftthevillagefiveyearsago.Iarrivedlatebecauseofthetrafficjam.Wewillsendacartofetchyou.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlybones.

Thestudentscameintotheclassroom,

singinganddancing.Encouragedbyhiswords，Idecidetoworkharder.7.Ifhegoes,sowillItodo作目的狀語時(shí)間狀語原因狀語doing作結(jié)果狀語doing作伴隨狀語條件狀語從句done作原因狀語

Wetrytomakeourcountrystrong.Wefoundeverythingingoodorderthere.Ishouldadviseyoutogetthechance.Isawhimgoingupstairs.Theyfoundthehousebrokenin.形容詞介詞短語todo不定式現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done（八）同位語（apposition）：在名詞或代詞之后，對(duì)前者加以說明的成分Mrsmith，ournewteacher，isverykindtous.YesterdayImetTom，afriendofmybrother's.二、sentencepatterns狀語Ad（adverbial）定語At（attributive）簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型:主語+謂語+賓語主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞主語+系+表語主語+謂語（S+linkV+P）（S+Vi）（S+Vt+O）（S+Vt+IO+DO）S+Vt+O+OC）3.主+系+表（S+Link.V+P)，說明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。Youarestudents.Helooksdifferent.Thefoodgoesbad.系動(dòng)詞1.狀態(tài)類：be動(dòng)詞2.表象類：seem,appear...

appearblueseemhappy3.感官類：look,smell,taste,sound,feellooktiredsmellsweettastegoodfeelsmoothfeelhungrysoundsweet系動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞5.持續(xù)類：remain,stay,keep，continue

remain保持:remainyoung.stay保持:staysthesamekeep保持:keepquietcontinue保持:continuehot6.結(jié)果類：turnout,proveprovesgoodturnoutanhonestboy1）Everythingchanges.

2）Thesunrises.3）Whocares?

SVi

Svi1.主+謂（S+Vi）

Svi2.主+謂+賓（S+Vt+O）1）Shelikesherwork.

2）Fewstudentsliketakingexams.3）Weloveourcountry.4）Heenjoysreading.SVtOSSSVtVtVtOOO4.主+謂+雙賓（S+Vt+IO+DO）1）SheteachesusEnglish.2）Grandmacookedusanicemeal.3）Shegavethebabyabath.4）TheboyaskedmeifIcouldspeakChinese.VtSIO