為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分

Word文檔為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起!我們看看吧，下面我就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。

為什么用做托福閱讀的方法答不出GRE高分，從頭說起

伙伴們必須首先認清，GRE的閱讀考試不同于我們過去所經(jīng)歷的各種閱讀考試，無論是中文還是英文，無論是小學(xué)和中學(xué)階段的語言考試，還是大學(xué)之后可能經(jīng)歷的四六級閱讀考試，抑或是TOEFL/IELTS中的閱讀考試。

GRE閱讀所測試的能力決定了我們必須以不同的閱讀策略切入，拋棄我們所固有的、已經(jīng)習(xí)以為常的閱讀習(xí)慣。那么，要做到這一點，我們就必須首先弄清楚GRE閱讀考試到底考察哪些能力。下面我就來看看GRE官方指南是怎么說的：

ReadingComprehensionquestionsaredesignedtotestawiderangeofabilitiesrequiredtoreadandunderstandthekindsofprosecommonlyencounteredingraduateschool.Thoseabilitiesinclude:1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解詞義2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意3understandingthemeaningofparagraphsandlargerbodiesoftext/理解段落及篇章的意義4distinguishingbetweenminorandmajorpoints/區(qū)分細節(jié)與主旨5summarizingapassage/概括段落

6drawingconclusionsfromtheinformationprovided/從已有信息當中推出結(jié)論7reasoningfromincompletedata,inferringmissinginformation/從已有信息當中推出缺失信息8understandingthestructureofatext,howthepartsrelatetooneanother/理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)和各部分之間關(guān)系9identifyingtheauthor’sperspective/判斷的視角aidentifyingtheauthor’sassumptions/判斷的假設(shè)banalyzingatextandreachingconclusionsaboutit/從文本中得出結(jié)論cidentifyingstrengthsandweaknesses/判斷論證的優(yōu)點與缺陷

今天我們先通過兩道題目來了解能力1和2考察的具體展現(xiàn)形式，希望能夠幫助伙伴們迅速理解這項考試的策略，并尋找合適的應(yīng)對方案。

1understandingthemeaningofindividualwords/理解詞義顯然會出現(xiàn)在詞匯題當中。與很多同學(xué)可能熟悉的TOEFL詞匯題不同，我們都知道TOEFL詞匯題的做法是不帶回原文直接選詞義，更多考察的是詞匯量本身，而不是詞匯在語境中的含義;GRE的詞匯題更需要大家能夠根據(jù)上下文推斷詞義。比如：AcriticalconsensushasemergedthatMaryMcCarthywillberememberedprimarilyasanessayistratherthanasanovelist.Butdespiteherformidablegiftsasapolemicalanddiscursivewriter,andforallherreputationasanintellectualwhosacrificedfeelingtointelligence,whatpowersMcCarthy’sbestessaysareherfictionalratherthanstrictlyintellectualgifts.Shemakesherpointsbytellingstoriesorbywayofvividdescription,arrestingimagesandsubtlecharacterization.Andforallherexactingsenseoffact,McCarthy’sgreatestcontributionwastoblurthedistinctionsbetweendifferentkindsofprosewriting:toshowhowfictioncouldbeopeneduptothethinkingmindandhowessayscouldprofitfromthetechniquesoffiction.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“discursive”mostnearlymeansA.ProlificB.SophisticC.RamblingD.AnalyticalE.Circuitous答案：D

這道題目如果同學(xué)們查字典，很容易選出C這個答案，因為discursive和rambling這兩個詞就是同義詞，是“離題的”的意思。然而，在本文背景下，discursive一定是essay的特點，是用來表達intelligence而不是feeling的，在這種上下文背景下，它的意思應(yīng)該是“推論的，論證的：通過推理而非直覺來得出結(jié)論的”，所以選擇的答案是analytical。很顯然，GRE的詞匯題要求的并不簡簡單單是詞匯量本身，而是上下文語義關(guān)系判斷的能力。

2understandingthemeaningofindividualsentences/理解句意同樣看似考察的是句子本身的字面意思，如果在TOEFL考試當中，只要看懂一個句子的語義，一道句子改寫題基本就不成問題了。但是GRE考試當中，即便考察的是語句本身的語義，選項對原文的改寫不僅僅是句型的改寫，而很可能是不同邏輯形式對等效語義的表達。比如：請輸入正文Astronomersstudyingacertainkindofsupernova(explodingstar)weresurprisedtofindthesupernovaswerefainterthanexpected.Seekingexplanations,theydiscountedthepossibilitythatcosmicdustmightbescreeningoutsomeofthelight,becauseitwouldfilteroutbluelightmorethanred,causingthesupernovastoappearredderthantheyreallyare.Also,unlessspreadverysmoothlythroughoutspace,thedustwouldintroducelargevariationsinthemeasurements.Anotherpossibilityisgravitationallensing,thebendingoflightraysastheyskirtgalaxiesenroute.Suchlensingoccasionallycausesbrightening,butmostoftenitcontributestothedimnessofdistantsupernovas.Calculationsshow,however,thatthiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied.Accordingtothepassage,theastronomersrejectedgravitationallensingasanexplanationfortheirfindingsbecauseA.gravitationallensingcancausesupernovastoappearbrighterthantheyreallyareB.theircalculationsshowedanegligibleeffectofgravitationallensingforlightraysfromdistantsources.C.lightraystravelingfromthesupernovasstudieddidnothavetoskirtgalaxies.D.theeffectofgravitationallensingontheappearanceofsupernovasisunpredictable.E.thesupernovasstudiedweretoonearforgravitationallensingtohavetheobserveddimmingeffect.答案：E這道題很明顯考察的就是最后一句話“thiseffectbecomesimportantonlyforsourcesmoredistantthanthesupernovasstudied”的意思。而XbecomesimportantforY這句話，等效于Xisnotimportantfornon-Y，而題干相當于在問X為什么notimportant，則答案就應(yīng)該是non-Y。根據(jù)這個形式，鑒于原文的Y相當于distant，則正確選項就應(yīng)該是以notdistant為關(guān)鍵信息，所以選擇了E，核心詞是near。其實這個題反映了一個更普遍的?？疾斓恼Z言現(xiàn)象，即以“only”為邏輯信息的句型其表面語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系。當我在說“onlywhenIworkhardcanIgethighscore”時，我并沒有表達努力工作能夠帶來高分的意思，相反，我所表達是不努力工作沒法帶來高分的意思。而這種現(xiàn)象又代表的是一大類現(xiàn)象，即某種邏輯句型的表面語義和實際語義之間的關(guān)系，它要求同學(xué)們在閱讀時能夠在邏輯等效的句型之間進行語義的靈活切換。

GRE閱讀題之__流派問題

每日一練

AncientChristianitymaybedividedintotwogreatperiods.Inthefirst,itwasareligionliabletopersecution,sufferingseverelyattimesandalwaysstrugglingtomaintainitself;inthesecond,itbecamethereligionoftheState,andinitsturnsetabouttorepressandpersecutetheheathenreligions.Itwasnolongerwithoutlegalrights;ithadthesupportofthesecularrulersandwaslavishlyendowedwithwealth.Thesetwoperiodsaremarkedlydifferent,andtheconditionshadadistincteffectuponthelifeandgrowthoftheChristianreligion.

Thecentralideapresentedbytheauthorinthisparagraphisthat:

A.EarlyChristianswereoftenpersecutedfortheirbeliefs,andsometimesevenkilled.

B.ThoughlaterChristianswerenolongerpersecuted,theyneverforgotthehistoryoftheirreligion.

C.TheChristianchurchbecameverywealthyovertimeandwassupportedbykingsandemperors.

D.ThetwoverydifferentperiodsofearlyChristianityeachservedtomoldthenatureofthereligion.

E.BecomingthereligionoftheStatewastheturningpointforChristianityasaworldreligion.

正確答案

C

GRE閱讀題之犯罪率在上升

每日一練

Thesametruthisnowknownaboutcrime;buttheunderstandingandtheapplicationofitarejustopeninguponus.Theoldandstilldominantthoughtis,astocause,thatacrimeiscausedbytheinscrutablemoralfreewillofthehumanbeing,doingornotdoingthecrime,justasitpleases;absolutelyfreeinadvance,atanymomentoftime,tochooseornottochoosethecriminalact,andthereforeinitselfthesoleandultimatecauseofcrime.Astotreatment,therestillarejusttwotraditionalmeasuresjail,orafine(fordeathisnowemployedinrarecasesonly).Butmodernscience,hereasinmedicine,recognizesthatcrimealso(likedisease)hasnaturalcauses.Itneednotbeassertedforonemomentthatcrimeisadisease.Butitdoeshavenaturalcauses.Andastotreatment,modernsciencerecognizesthatpenalorremedialtreatmentcannotpossiblybeindiscriminateandmachine-like,butmustbeadaptedtothecauses,andtothemanasaffectedbythosecauses.

Theauthorbelieveswhichofthefollowing?Selectallcorrectchoices.

A.Thedominantthoughtisthatcrimeiscausedbyfreewill

B.Freewillisnottheonlycauseofcrime

C.Crimeisnotadisease

正確答案

ABC

GRE閱讀題之美國和歐洲的聯(lián)系

每日一練

TheAmericanfrontierissharplydistinguishedfromtheEuropeanfrontier--afortifiedboundarylinerunningthroughdensepopulations.ThemostsignificantthingabouttheAmericanfrontieris,thatitliesatthehitheredgeoffreeland.Inthecensusreportsitistreatedasthemarginofthatsettlementwhichhasadensityoftwoormoretothesquaremile.Thetermisanelasticone,andforourpurposesdoesnotneedsharpdefinition.Weshallconsiderthewholefrontierbelt,includingtheIndiancountryandtheoutermarginofthesettledareaofthecensusreports.Thispaperwillmakenoattempttotreatthesubjectexhaustively;itsaimissimplytocallattentiontothefrontierasafertilefieldforinvestigation,andtosuggestsomeofthepro