2023英語四級(jí)閱讀理解翻譯

Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educationwelloffandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualandsociety,areprofound.在發(fā)達(dá)國家,受過良好教化的人工作的年限比那些沒有什么技能的人的越來越長。有65%的年齡在62到74歲的擁有專業(yè)學(xué)位的美國男性還在工作，而只有中學(xué)學(xué)歷的只有32%的仍舊在工作.這進(jìn)一步拉大了受過良好教化的富人和沒有任何技能的窮人之間的差距。隨著科技的發(fā)展，那些有著高級(jí)技能的人的收入上升了，而那些沒技能的人的收入?yún)s被壓榨了。這種結(jié)果值得個(gè)人和社會(huì)深思。Theworldisfacingasastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600miIlionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterIongevity（ 長壽）translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmore發(fā)達(dá)國家正面臨著這樣的狀況：老年人口劇增，而且壽命會(huì)比以往還要長。在接下來的20年里，全球年齡在65歲的人口數(shù)量會(huì)增加甚至?xí)侵暗膬杀叮瑢?huì)從6億增到11億。Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(長壽(translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblemo壽命的延長演化成了退休年份的延長，而不是工作年份的延長，20世紀(jì)的閱歷告知許多視察者:這一轉(zhuǎn)變將會(huì)減緩經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的步伐，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)老金的隊(duì)伍日益膨脹，這將給政府的財(cái)政預(yù)算帶來麻煩。Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidieoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeopie,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期誕生的美國人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.勤勤懇懇的青年人和懶懶散散的老年人之間顯明的對(duì)比的觀念遺漏了一種新趨勢(shì)：有技能的人和沒技能的人之間的差距越來越大。沒技能的人就業(yè)越來越難，而有技能的老點(diǎn)的人退休年齡越來越大。這種分裂現(xiàn)象在美國尤為突出。在二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期誕生受到了良好教化的美國人的退休期在延遲，而那些沒什么技能的年輕人卻已失業(yè)。Thateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity.Donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.有技能的人必需工作更久，但是退休后生活會(huì)很舒適。但是假如工作性質(zhì)變更了那就要出大事了。受教化程度高的人薪資漲得很快，直到他們老了那天都會(huì)獲得獲得豐厚的嘉獎(jiǎng)，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在受過教化的老年人比以往的老年人更能為企業(yè)帶來效益?？萍嫉淖兏蛟S能夠很好地說明這一轉(zhuǎn)化:人們從學(xué)習(xí)管理訣竅到發(fā)展自己的創(chuàng)建力來補(bǔ)充計(jì)算機(jī)沒有的技能。這些技能不會(huì)隨著年齡的增長而減弱對(duì)其的要求。56>whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?發(fā)達(dá)國家的勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生了什么？（B）youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly年輕人慢慢替代老年人well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger受到良好教化的人工作年限會(huì)越來越長unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear就業(yè)率在逐年上升peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork沒上過高校的人不易就業(yè)57>whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandpoor?是什么拉大了富人與窮人之間的差距？（B）Longerlifeexpectancies人們的預(yù)期壽命越來越長Profoundchangesintheworkforce勞動(dòng)力發(fā)生了巨大變更rapidtechnologicaladvance科技的日益發(fā)展Agrowingnumberofwell-graduated.受到良好教化的人越來越多58、whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?鑒于20世紀(jì)的閱歷，許多視察者預(yù)料的是什么？（A）Economicgrowthwillslowdown.經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的速度將會(huì)變慢Governmentbudgetswillincrease.政府預(yù)算會(huì)增加Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation追求高學(xué)歷的人會(huì)越來越多Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.就業(yè)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)越來越激烈WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?歐洲國家政策變更的結(jié)果是什么？（C）Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.沒技能的人會(huì)選擇提前退休morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.接受在職培訓(xùn)的人會(huì)越來越多Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.即便是富人也必須要多工作幾年，以便退休后生活舒適Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans人們或許不能夠享受養(yǎng)老金安排帶來的養(yǎng)老【定收益Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?21世紀(jì)的工作特點(diǎn)是什么？（D）Comput