英語五種簡(jiǎn)單句課件

專題：句子成分與五種簡(jiǎn)單句

專題：

什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，詞與詞之間有一定的組合關(guān)系，按照不同的關(guān)系，可以把句子分為不同的組成成分。句子成分由詞或詞組充當(dāng)?，F(xiàn)代漢語里一般的句子成分有六種，即主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語和補(bǔ)語。英語的基本成分有七種：主語（subject）、謂語（predicate）、表語（predicative）、賓語（object）、定語（attribute）、狀語(adverbial)和補(bǔ)語（complement）。什么叫句子成分呢？句子的組成成分叫句子成分。在主語1.主語是一個(gè)句子的主題，也是句子的主體，表示句子主要說明的人或事物。2.它的位置一般在句首。一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。Themeetingwillbeginat9:00.(名詞)WestudyinNo.1MiddleSchool.(代詞)Smokingisbadforyou.(動(dòng)名詞)主語謂語1.謂語是說明主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一般放在主語之后。2.謂語一般是由動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞+表語擔(dān)當(dāng)。3.謂語必須和主語在“人稱”和“數(shù)”上保持一致。Weworkhard.(動(dòng)詞）Mikelikeshisnewbook.(動(dòng)詞）Hisparentsfeelhappy.(連系動(dòng)詞+表語)Sheisreading.(動(dòng)詞）謂語表語1.表語是表述主語的特征、狀態(tài)或身份等。2.表語位于連系動(dòng)詞之后，二者構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即合成謂語3.表語由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞、短語或句子等充當(dāng)。Herbrotherisadriver.(名詞)Ittastesdelicious?(形容詞)Wewereathomelastnight.(介詞短語)Thisbookismine,notyours.(代詞)Thefilmisexciting.(現(xiàn)在分詞)表語賓語1.賓語表示動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象。2.只有及物動(dòng)詞可帶賓語，有些不及物動(dòng)詞加上介詞或副詞也可帶賓語。3.由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語或句子擔(dān)當(dāng)。Heoftenhelpsme.(代詞)WestudyEnglishatschool.(名詞)Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.(數(shù)詞)Remembertobuysomestamps.(動(dòng)詞不定式)Helikesmakingyoulaugh.(動(dòng)名詞)Hesaid,"Youarewrong."(句子)DoyouunderstandwhatImean?(從句)賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。1.名詞/代詞賓格+名詞：

Thewarmadehimasoldier.2.名詞/代詞賓格+形容詞：

Pleasekeeptheroomclean.3.名詞/代詞賓格+介詞短語：

Ioftenfindhimatwork.4.名詞/代詞賓格+動(dòng)詞不定式：

Theteacheraskthestudentstoclosethewindows.5.名詞/代詞賓格+分詞：

Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.賓語補(bǔ)足語：位于賓語之后對(duì)賓語作出說明的成分。賓語與其補(bǔ)足語狀語：狀語修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。用作狀語的通常是副詞。1）副詞（短語）作狀語：Theboyneedsapenverymuch.（程度狀語）

Theboy,now,needsapen.（時(shí)間狀語）2）介詞短語作狀語：Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen.（地點(diǎn)狀語）Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy.(條件狀語)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.(時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語)3）不定式作狀語：Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的狀語）4）名詞作狀語：Comethisway!（方向狀語）狀語：定語1.定語是用來修飾名詞;代詞或句子的成分．2.定語有前置定語,后置定語．3.充當(dāng)定語的詞有：形容詞;名詞;代詞;數(shù)詞;名詞所有格......方位副詞;不定式;動(dòng)詞的－ing形式;過去分詞;從句等．例如：Tomisahandsomeboy.(形容詞作定語)HisnameisTom.(代詞作定語)TheboyinblueisTom.(介詞短語作定語)Thereisnothingtodotoday(不定式作定語)定語一：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋謂）二：Ｓ+Ｖ+Ｐ

（主＋謂/系＋表）三：Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ（主＋謂＋賓）四:Ｓ+Ｖt+IO+DＯ(主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）五:

Ｓ+Ｖt+Ｏ+OＣ（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）*Therebe+S五種基本句型：一：Ｓ+Ｖi（主＋謂）五種基本Iwalkinthestreet.1.

S+Vi

(主+謂)Iwalkinthestreet.1.S+VThedogloveshim.2.S+Vt+O(

主+謂+賓)Thedogloveshim.2.S+Vt+O(Iamhandsome.我?guī)洿袅?.

S+V+P(主+系+表)Iamhandsome.我?guī)洿袅?.S+V+P4.S+Vt+IO+DO(主+謂+直賓+間賓)Myfriendsentmeaboxofchocolates.4.S+Vt+IO+DO(主+謂+直賓5.S+Vt+O+OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))Thepaintingmakesuslaugh.5.S+Vt+O+OC(主+謂+賓+6.There+be+主語（+狀語）Therearetwolovelycatsinthebaskets.6.There+be+主語（+狀語）Therearet1.Plantsneedwater.

S+V+O

(

主+謂+賓)2.Theflowerissofresh.

S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.

S+V(主+謂)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

S+V+IO+DO(主+謂+直賓+間賓)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

S+V+O+OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+謂)1.Plantsneedwater.Review:1.Plantsneedwater.

S+V+O

(

主+謂+賓)2.Theflowerissofresh.

S+V+P(主+系+表)3.Theyworkhard.

S+V(主+謂)4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.

S+V+IO+DO(主+謂+直賓+間賓)5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.

S+V+O+OC(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.S+V(主+謂)Review:句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(一).指出下列句中主語的中心詞①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.句子成分練習(xí)題(一)(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast(二)選出句中謂語的中心詞(三)挑出下列句中的賓語

①M(fèi)ybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?⑥Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.⑦Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.⑧Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.⑨Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.⑩Theydidn'tknowwho"FatherChristmas"reallyis.(三)挑出下列句中的賓語(四)挑出下列句中的表語

①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(四)挑出下列句中的表語(五)挑出下列句中的定語①TheyuseMr./Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.⑥Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!(五)挑出下列句中的定語(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥D(zhuǎn)idyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?(六)挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語(七)挑出下列句中的狀語①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.⑥Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.⑦Iamafraidthatifyou'velostit,youmustpayforit.⑧ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(七)挑出下列句中的狀語(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?(八)劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語插入語：插在句子中的一個(gè)詞，短語或從句，通常被逗號(hào)、破折號(hào)或句子的其他部分隔開，它與句子的其他部分之間沒有語法上的關(guān)系，是獨(dú)立成分。1.通常是對(duì)一句話的一些附加解釋，說明或總結(jié)有時(shí)表示說話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時(shí)起強(qiáng)調(diào)的作用；有時(shí)是為了引起對(duì)方的注意；還可以起轉(zhuǎn)移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子與前面的語