全英語聽說教程3 unit12

Language

FocusQuestions

for

DiscussionDo

you

know

anything

about

biological

diversity

orbiodiversity?Where

can

we

enjoy

the

beauty

of

biodiversity?Is

biodiversity

important?

Why?What

is

meant

by

“endangered

species”?

Can

youname

some

species

that

are

endangered?What

are

the

main

causes

that

lead

some

animalsand

plants

to

decline

in

number

or

even

disappearcompletely?What

can

we

do

to

save

species

from

extinction?Pre-listening

TaskAdditional

Question

for

Discussion1. A

famous

conservationist

once

said,

“Animalconservation

is

a

war

to

save

the

human

race

fromcommitting

suicide.”

Do

you

agree?Language

FocusPre-listening

TaskLanguage

FocusPre-listening

Task1.

Do

you

know

anything

about

biological

diversity

orbiodiversity?The

term

"biodiversity"

comes

from

"biologicaldiversity".

It

is

the

variation

of

life

forms

within

a

givenecosystem

on

the

entire

Earth.

Biodiversity

is

often

usedas

a

measure

of

the

health

of

biological

systems.

Thebiodiversity

found

on

Earth

today

consists

of

manymillions

of

distinct

biological

species.

The

year

2010

hasbeen

declared

as

the

International

Year

of

Biodiversity.Today

there

is

concern

that

the

period

since

theemergence

of

humans

is

part

of

a

mass

reduction

inLanguage

FocusPre-listening

Task1.

A

famous

conservationist

once

said,

"Animalconservation

is

a

war

to

save

the

human

race

fromcommitting

suicide."

Do

you

agree?Yes,

I

do.

As

members

of

the

earth's

ecosystem,animals

play

a

major

part

in

maintaining

the

balanceand

harmony

of

the

earth's

environment.

To

a

greatextent,

the

human

race

and

other

animals

rely

on

oneanother

for

survival.

The

extinction

of

one

species

wouldeventually

lead

to

the

extinction

of

another.

If

humanbeings

did

not

protect

animals,

their

own

survival

wouldsoon

be

endangered

Therefore a

wise

policy

for

thePre-listening

TaskLanguage

FocusHere

are

some

sentences

and

structures

that

you

mayfind

useful

in

discussing

the

previous

questions.Biodiversity

refers

to

the

diversity

of

living

things

onEarth

and

the

environments

in

which

they

live.Biodiversity

is

everywhere

around

us.We

can

enjoy

the

beauty

of

biodiversity

when

we

areclose

to

nature.Different

species

of

flowers,

trees,

birds,

animalsshow

us

the

rich

diversity

of

the

living

world.All

species

that

share

the

same

natural

environmentdepend

on

/

interact

with

each

other.Language

FocusAll

species

require

a

small

/

minimal

amount

ofhabitat

for

survival.Biodiversity

is

important

because

all

the

species

thatshare

the

same

environment,

or

habitat,

rely

on

oneanother

for

survival.Every

species,

no

matter

how

small,

has

an

importantrole

to

play.It

is

this

combination

that

enables

the

ecosystem

toprevent

and

recover

from

a

variety

of

disasters.Biodiversity

is

obviously

useful

for

mankind

as

a

largernumber

of

plant

species

means

a

greater

variety

ofcrops.Pre-listening

TaskLanguage

FocusA

larger

number

of

animal

species

ensure

that

theecosystem

is

naturally

sustained.At

least

40

per

cent

of

the

world’s

economy

and

80per

cent

of

the

needs

of

the

poor

are

derived

frombiological

resources.The

richer

the

diversity

of

life,

the

greater

theopportunity

for

medical

discoveries,

economicdevelopment,

and

adaptive

responses

to

such

newchallenges

as

climate

change.Many

species

are

endangered

/

threatened.

Amongthese

are

the

panda,

the

tiger,

the

sea

turtle,

theblue

whale,

the

gray

wolf,

and

the

bald

eagle.Pre-listening

TaskLanguage

FocusHuman

activities

and

pollution

are

important

causesof

the

extinction

of

species.Governments

/

International

organizations

/Industries

/

Individuals

should

make

great

efforts

tosave

endangered

species

/

preserve

biodiversity.The

protection

of

endangered

species

and

habitatsshould

be

a

top

priority.We

must

find

solutions

that

benefit

both

humans

andnon-human

species.Pre-listening

TaskbiodiversityphilosophicalspiritualecosystemPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksExercise

1 Exercise

2n.

variety

of

living

things

生物多樣性a.

of

or

related

to

philosophy哲學(xué)的a.

of

the

spirit,

rather

than

thebody

精神的；心靈的n.

all

the

plants

and

animalsthat

live

in

a

particular

areaand

the

complex

relationshipthat

exists

between

them

andtheir

environment

生態(tài)系統(tǒng)specieskeystoneorganismregulaterecycleExercise

1 Exercise

2n.

a

class

of

animals

or

plantswhose

members

are

so

similarthat

they

can

breed

with

each

other

（動植物的）物種（單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同）n.

basis

基石n.

a

living

thing

生物；有機體v.to

control

控制；制約v.to

convert

(waste)

to

reusablematerial

回收利用Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

TaskspestrawmedicinalExercise

1 Exercise

2n.

an

insect

or

other

animal

thatharms

food

supplies

or

crops害蟲；有害動物（如老鼠等）a.

not

yet

treated

for

use

未加工過的a.

of

healing

醫(yī)療的Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks1.

Background

informationBiodiversity,

or

biological

diversity,

refers

to

the

sumtotal

of

the

different

species

of

animals,

plants,

andorganisms

living

on

Earth

and

the

variety

of

habitats

inwhich

they

live.

This

very

broad

term

is

essentially

asynonym

of

“l(fā)ife

on

Earth”.

Scientists

estimate

thatmore

than

10

million

species

exist

on

our

planet,

but

sofar

only

1.75

million

species

have

been

discovered

andnamed.

And

only

a

very

small

number

of

those

havebeen

examined

for

their

value

in

medicine,

agriculture,or

industry.

In

the

meantime,

we

are

losingPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasksmuch

of

Earth’s

biodiversity.

Most

biologists

agree

thatwe

are

facing

the

most

serious

extinction

of

speciessince

the

disappearance

of

dinosaurs

65

million

yearsago.2.

loss

of

biodiversityThe

loss

of

biological

diversity

may

take

many

formsbut

at

its

most

fundamental

and

irreversible

it

involvesthe

extinction

of

species.

At

present

species

aredisappearing

at

an

alarming

rate.

According

to

theestimate

of

the

American

biologist

Edward

O.

Wilson,Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Taskswe

are

losing

27,000

species

every

year.His

estimate

isaccepted

by

most

biologists.

Human

activities

arelargely

blamed

for

this.

However,

as

more

and

morepeople

realize

the

importance

of

biodiversity,

positivesteps

have

been

taken

to

protect

endangered

speciesand

to

preserve

biodiversity.

In

1992,

at

the

Conventionon

Biological

Diversity,

held

in

Rio

de

Janeiro,

anagreement

was

reached

by

160

countries,

which

calledon

governments

to

take

action

to

protect

plant

andanimal

species.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksListen

to

the

recording

and

decide

whether

thefollowing

statements

are

true

or

false.

If

a

statementis

true,

write

T

in

the

brackets.

If

it

is

false,

write

F

inthe

brackets

and

the

correct

version

in

the

blank.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksT________________________________________F

You

can

enjoy

it

through

reading

books

andwatching

TV

shows

about

foreign

lands.You

can

see

biodiversity

in

the

park.You

cannot

enjoy

the

beauty

of

biodiversity

in

a foreign

country

if

you

don’t

go

there.

Biodiversity

is

a

term

used

to

refer

to

the

variety

ofliving

things

in

the

world.T_______________________________________4.

Scientists

think

that

the

importance

of

biodiversitylies

in

its

presenting

us

with

a

wonderful

world

toenjoy.F Some

people

think

so,

but

scientists

believe

thatbiodiversity

is

important

to

us

because

it

is

essentialto

our

survival.5.

The

loss

of

a

keystone

species

may

destroy

some

ofthe

living

creatures

in

the

natural

world.F

It

may

destroy

an

entire

ecosystem.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks6.

In

China,

over

7,000

species

of

plants

are

used

formedicinal

purposes.F More

than

5,000

species

of

plants

are

used

formedicinal

purposes

in

China.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasksa

wonderful

world

1.

Biodiversity

gives

people to

live

in.2.

The

loss

of

any

one

kind

of

biodiversity

willchange

balance

the of

life

on

Earth.direct

benefits

3.

Biodiversity

brings to

people.

Forplantsexample,

give

the

air

we

breathe.Listen

again

and

fill

in

the

following

blanks

with

themissing

information.Biodiversity

is

everywhere

around

us.

Without

doubt,it

is

important

to

our

life.

Why?

Below

are

some

of

thereasons:Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Taskseconomichealthbenefits.

It4.

Biodiversity

also

has

andprovides

industry

and

agriculture

withraw

material

thingsandother

.

It

is

essential

tomedicine

.uselesslatervaluablethreat5.

Many

species

were

thought at

first

but

werediscovered .

This

is

a

furtherfrom

the

loss

of

biodiversity.Exercise

1Exercise

2Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksWhy

Is

Biodiversity

Important?The

importance

of

biodiversity

seems

obvious

tous.

We

enjoy

the

beauty

of

biodiversity

when

we

takea

walk

in

the

park,take

atrip

to

the

zoo

or

a

wildarea,

read

books

or

watch

TV

shows

about

strangecreatures

in

foreign

lands.

Some

people

believe

thatbiodiversity

is

important

simply

because

it

is

sowonderful.

Some

think

there

are

philosophical

orspiritual

reasons

for

biodiversity.

But

there

are

otherreasons

why

it

is

so

importantgalaxydatabasemammalExercise

1 Exercise

2n.

one

of

the

large

groups

ofstars

in

the

universe

星系n.

a

very

large

collection

ofrelated

data

arranged

forconvenient

access,

generallyin

a

computer

數(shù)據(jù)庫n.

a

type

of

animal

in

which

thefemale

gives

birth

to

babies,not

eggs,

and

feeds

them

onmilk

from

her

body

哺乳動物Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksmicrobePanamaExercise

1 Exercise

2n.

a

living

thing

that

is

so

smallthat

it

can’t

be

seen

withouta

microscope

微生物；細菌

a

country

in

Central

America巴拿馬（中美洲國家）Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesListening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks1.

Background

informationWe

humans

have

shared

our

planet

with

millions

ofcreatures,

yet

we

know

very

little

of

our

neighbors.

It

isestimated

that

there

exist

5

to

100

million

species

onEarth.

But

according

to

the

latest

counts,

scientistshave

so

far

only

described

over

1.5

million

species

ofanimals,

plants

and

algae.

Among

those

are

mammals(5,416),

birds

(9,956),

reptiles

(8,240),

amphibians(6,199),

insects

(950,000),

flowering

plants

(258,650),conifers

(980),

and

mushrooms

(16,000).

The

greatestdiversity

exists

among

insects,

which

account

for

nearlyPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasksa

million

of

the

planet’s

species.

Mammals

make

up

oneof

the

smallest

groups,

with

just

5,416

members.central

databasea

database

that

stores

all

the

related

information(about

species)“surprising”

discoveries

of

species

becomecommonplacePassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasksdiscovering

new

species

(in

the

soil

and

the

deepsea)

becomes

quite

ordinary4.

anyone’s

guesssomething

that

no

one

knows

for

surePassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1 Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks1Listen

to

the

passage

and

choose

the

right

answers

tothe

questions

you

hear..

Scientists

don’t

know

much

about

the

number

ofstars

in

the

galaxy.

Scientists

have

a

sound

knowledge

about

thediversity

of

species.

Scientists

don’t

agree

on

the

number

of

species

inthe

world.

Scientists

show

more

interest

in

stars

in

the

galaxythan

in

species

on

Earth.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes

Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksExercise

2Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesExercise

1Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks2.About

10

million.2million.100

million.1.5

million.Exercise

2Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesExercise

1Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks3.Birds.Monkeys.Trees.Freshwater

fish.4.

The

soil

and

the

deep

sea

belong

to

communitiesthat

haven’t

been

fully

explored.

It

is

surprising

news

whenever

new

species

arediscovered

in

the

deep

sea.A

million

species

in

the

deep

sea

have

been discovered

and

named.

About

90

million

species

are

believed

to

live

in

thedeep

sea.Exercise

2Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesExercise

1Listening

Tasks

Speaking

Tasks5.

Scientists

differ

greatly

in

their

estimates

of

globalspecies

diversity.

Knowledge

of

global

species

diversity

is

stilllimited.

The

mystery

of

the

deep

sea

and

the

soil

remainsto

be

uncovered.

Surprising

discoveries

of

new

species

arecommonplace.Exercise

2Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

NotesExercise

1Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksThe

number

of

stars

in

the

galaxy.About

60%.Listen

to

the

passage

again

and

then

give

a

simpleanswer

to

each

of

the

following

questions.

Which

do

scientists

know

better,

the

number

of

starsin

the

galaxy

or

the

number

of

species

on

Earth?

What

is

the

percentage

of

freshwater

fishes

in

SouthAmerica

that

have

been

described?How

were

960

species

of

beetles

discovered?In

one

study

of

19

trees

in

Panama.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksThe

soil

and

the

deep

sea.

What

other

little-known

ecosystems

are

scientistsinvestigating?

How

many

species

live

in

these

little-knownecosystems?No

one

knows

for

sure.Passage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes Exercise

1

Exercise

2Listening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksListening

Tasks

Speaking

TasksPassage

1Word

BankPassage

2Language

and

Cultural

Notes Exercise

1 Exercise

2How

Many

Species

Are

There?Isn't

it

surprising

that

scientists

have

a

betterunderstanding

of

how

many

stars

there

are

in

thegalaxy

than

how

many

species

there

are

on

Earth?Their

estimates

of

global

species

diversity

vary

from2to

100

million

species.

Most

people

agree

on

anestimate

of

somewhere

near

10

million

and

yet

only1.5

million

have

actually

been

named.

Currentknowledge

of

species

diversity

is

limited.

This

problembecomes

more

serious

because

there

is

a

lack

of

aPair

WorkDebating

—

Arguments

for

or

against

the

view

thaturban

expansions

should

be

stopped

because

theycause

the

loss

of

biodiversityA

SampleNowadays,

some

people

think

that

urban

expansionsin

coastal

cities

should

be

stopped

because

they

causethe

loss

of

biodiversity.

Are

you

for

or

against

this

view?Express

and

defend

your

views

from

the

perspectivesgiven

in

the

card

below.Listening

TasksSpeaking

TasksListening

TasksSpeaking

TasksTopic:

Should

urban

expansions

be

stopped

incoastal

areas?Perspectives:From

the

perspective

of

an

environmentalconservationist

(positive)From

the

perspective

of

a

developer

(negative)Listening

TasksSpeaking

TasksTopic:

Can

we

humans

conquer

nature?Perspectives:From

the

perspective

of

some

students(positive)From

the

perspective

of

some

other

students(negative)Now

use

the

above

sample

as

your

model

and

carry

onsimilar

activities

with

your

partner.Listening

TasksSpeaking

TasksFrom

the

perspective

of

an

environmentalconservationist

(positive)Nowadays

because

of

economic

development

andthe

increase

of

population

in

coastal

cities,commercial

centers,

new

houses

and

tall

apartmentbuildings

are

being

built

in

outskirts

which

used

to

bethe

habitats

of

various

kinds

of

animals,

birds,

insectsand

plants.

With

the

rise

of

blocks

of

buildings

andpeople

moving

into

them,

gradually

the

number

ofspecies

has

dwindled

and

some

species

have

evenListening

TasksSpeaking

TasksFrom

the

perspective

of

a

developer

(negative)I

don't

think

we

should

stop

urban

expansionssimply

because

some

species

are

disappearing.

Urbanexpansion

is

an

inevitable

trend.

With

the

rapiddevelopment

of

the

economy,

more

businesses

are

setup

in

coastal

cities,

which

attract

a

large

number

ofinvestors

and

university

graduates

from

home

andabroad.

Hence,

skyscrapers,

high-rises,

new

residentialareas

need

to

be

built

to

accommodate

companies

andtheir

staff As

the

space

within

coastal

cities

is

quiteListening

TasksSpeaking

TasksSome

Ideas

for

ReferenceThe

Argument

(positive)We

humans

are

the

master

of

nature.We

build

shelters

to

protect

ourselves

from

thenatural

elements.We

can

grow

vegetables

in

greenhouses

all

yearround

despite

the

change

of

seasons

in

nature.Nothing

can

stop

us

in

our

progress,

not

even

highmountains

or

surging

rivers.

We

can

build

roadsthrough

mountains

and

bridges

over

riversTest

Your

Listening1b.a.

A

special

kind

of

tomato..

A

newly

created

tomato.c.

A

new

kind

of

tomato

that

can

grow

on

water.d.

A

kind

of

tomato

created

by

some

Canadianscientists.A

PassageListen

to

the

passage

and

choose

the

right

answers

tothe

questions

you

hear.Test

Your

Listening2.

It

can

help

solve

the

problem

of

feeding

theworld’s

growing

population.It

can

meet

the

needs

of

the

world

development.It

can

help

the

land

of

poor

countries

to

beproductive.

It

can

solve

the

problem

of

the

world’s

growingpopulation.Test

Your

Listening3.About

214,000

babies

will

be

born

each

day.

About

247

million

acres

of

land

will

be

lost

toagriculture.The

land

will

have

become

too

salty.

The

world’s

population

will

amount

to

over

9billion.Test

Your

ListeningScientists

have

created

a

tomato

that

can

grow

onsalty

water.

The

plant

is

the

first

crop

of

its

kind

everproduced

in

the

world.

Its

significance

cannot

beoverestimated.

The

new

technology

can

help

mankindsolve

the

problem

of

feeding

its

ever-expandingpopulation.

It

is

estimated

that

by

2025

the

worldpopulation

will

amount

to

more

than

9

billion,

anincrease

of

3

billion

over

2,000.

Each

day

240,000more

people

are

born,

ready

to

be

fed

like

the

rest

ofus.Unfortunately not

all

the

land

on

Earth

can

beMovie

TimeMovieTime

toTalkWord

Bank Exercise

AExercise

BMovie

TimeMovieExercise

BTime

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Bank Exercise

AMovie

TimeMovieTime

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Bank

Exercise

APandorahemisphereorbitSaturntoxicuninhabitabletropicalthe

Amazon

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B潘多拉，希臘神話人名，電影中指虛構(gòu)的一個星球名n.

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BwherePandora

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locatedFill

in

the

blanks

with

the

information

you’ve

gotfrom

the

movie

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a

world

of

wonder

and

mystery,

incredibledanger

and

strange

beauty.

From

earth’s

southernhemisphere,

you

can

see

the

solar

system

(1)

.

Pandora

is

one

of

the

many

moonsorbiting

the

planet

Polyphemus.

A

gas

giant

planet

thesize

of

Saturn.

Pandora’s

toxic

atmosphere

makes

ituninhabitable

by

humans.

Tropical

rain

forest

covers

alarge

part

of

each

of

the

continents.

These

rain

forestsare

similar

to

those

that

once

covered

the

AmazonTime

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Bank

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AMovie

TimeMovieExercise

BBasin,

but

on

a

scale

(2)several

times

the

size

ofanything

on

earth

beauty

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in

the

most

frightening

thingsworks

and

communicates

like

a

nervous

system

.A

wide

variety

of

animals

can

be

found

throughoutPandora,

all

inspiring

and

dangerous.

But

there

is

(3)

.

Every

livingorganism

on

Pandora

has

bioluminescent

qualities

thatset

the

night

aglow.

Plants,

animals

and

marineorganisms

shared

the

same

trait,

emitting

light

inbreathtaking

patterns.From

what

scientists

can

tell,

the

Pandoran

ecology(4)

,Time

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Bank

Exercise

AMovie

TimeMovieExercise

Bsuggesting

a

symbiotic

relationship

between

all

thingson

Pandora.

The

tree

of

souls.

The

tree

is

sacred

to

theNavi,

and

believed

to

be

(5)the

heart

of

the

deepconnection

of

all

life

.Pandora.

One

can

only

think

of

its

namesake

inGreek

Mythology.

The

box

has

been

opened.

Amidst

thesavage

terrain

and

fierce

creatures,

we

must

assumethe

strange

bewitching

place

might

hold

somethingHope

for

our

race

inside

itself

for

us

all.

(6) ,

for

(7)ourplanet

the

future

of

all

living

things

,andfor(8) .Time

toTalkWord

Bank

Exercise

AMovie

TimeMovieExercise

BAnswer

the

following

questions.Do

you

think

that

there

are

aliens

(E.T.)

living

on other

planets

like

Pandora?

Give

your

reasons.In

the

future,

do

you

think

human

beings

will colonize

other

planets

which

can

support

life?Time

toTalkWord

Bank Exercise

AMovie

TimeMovieExercise

BTime

toTalkWord

Bank Exercise

APandora,

a

world

of

wonder

and

mystery,incredible

danger

and

strange

beauty.

From

earth'ssouth