新教材高中英語(yǔ)UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION教學(xué)知識(shí)細(xì)解碼學(xué)案新人教版選擇性

UNIT3ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION1．starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死→starvationn．餓死；挨餓；絕食2．sustainvt.維持；遭受；承受住→sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的；合理利用的3．comprehensiveadj.全部的；所有的；詳盡的→comprehensionn．理解4．frequentadj.頻繁的；經(jīng)常的→frequentlyadv.頻繁地；經(jīng)?！鷉requencyn．頻率；頻繁5．restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛→restrictionn.限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束→restrictiveadj.限制的；限制性的；約束的6．harmonyn．協(xié)調(diào)；和睦；融洽；調(diào)和→harmoniousadj.和諧的7．originn.起源；開始→originaladj.原始的；最初的；獨(dú)創(chuàng)的；新穎的→originatevi.&vt.起源；發(fā)源；創(chuàng)立8．regularadj.定期的；規(guī)律的→regularlyadv.定期地；規(guī)律地→regulatevt.&vi.約束；管理→regulationn.章程；規(guī)章制度9．inspectvt.檢查；查看；視察→inspectionn.檢查；查看；視察10．toleratevt.忍受；包容；容許→tolerantadj.寬容的；容忍的→tolerancen.寬容；容忍1．releasevt.&n.排放；釋放；發(fā)布①Firefighterstooktwohourstoreleasethedriverfromthewreckage. 釋放②Undertheagreement，releasesofcancer-causingchemicalswillbecutbyabout80percent. 排放③Heisreleasinganalbumoflovesongs. 發(fā)布2．seizevt.抓??；奪?。豢刂脾佟癓eigh，”hesaid，“seizingmyarmtoholdmeback.” 抓?、赥roopshaveseizedtheairportandrailwayterminals(鐵路樞紐). 奪?、踀NofficialssaytwomilitaryobserverswereseizedbytheKhmerRougeyesterday. 控制WordsandPhrases知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1starvevi.&vt.(使)挨餓；餓死[教材P26]Anexpertwhohasstudiedpolarbearsformanyyearssaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody，thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.一位多年研究北極熊的專家說，從北極熊尸體所處位置來(lái)看，它看起來(lái)是死于饑餓。[例1]Thenewjobdoesn'tpayasmuchbutwewon'tstarve!新工作的工資不多，不過我們不至于挨餓！[例2]Anumberoftheprisonerswesawarestarving.我們看到一些囚犯快要餓死了。[知識(shí)拓展](1)starvetodeath 餓死starvefor 渴望；急需(2)starvedadj. 感到很餓的bestarvedtodeath 被餓死bestarvedof/for 極需；缺乏(3)starvationn. 挨餓；餓死[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thefrontierstationwasstarvedforfoodandwater.②Wholecommunitiesstarvedtodeathduringthelongdrought.③Shewentonastarvation(starve)dietandendedupinhospital.④Ourfactoriesarestarvedof/forfirst-classtechnicalmennow.現(xiàn)在我們的工廠缺少一流的技術(shù)人員。[小片段填空]Mr.Whiteearnsonlyalittlewage，sohestarvesforajobwithbetterpay.Yousee，noonelikestostarvetodeath.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)2referto查閱，參考；涉及，關(guān)于；提到，談起，指的是；提交[教材P26－27]The“natural”greenhouseeffectreferstothefactthatheatfromthesunenterstheatmosphereandwarmsEarth'ssurfaceasshort-waveradiation.“自然”溫室效應(yīng)是指來(lái)自太陽(yáng)的熱量進(jìn)入大氣層，以短波輻射的形式為地表增溫。[例1]Ipromisednottorefertothematteragain.我答應(yīng)過不再提這事了。[例2]Pleaserefertotheright-handcolumnofpage200ofthisdictionary.請(qǐng)參看這本詞典第二百頁(yè)右面一欄。[知識(shí)拓展]refer...to... 把……提交給/委托給referto...as... 把……看作/稱為……[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Tomisgoingtoreferthemattertothemeeting.②QiaoFengisreferredtoasabighero.③Somepeoplereferallthetroublestobadluckinsteadoflackofability.有些人把自己所有的苦惱都?xì)w咎于運(yùn)氣不佳，而不認(rèn)為是缺乏能力。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)3betrappedin被困在……中[教材P27]Whenpeopleproducehugeamountsofextragreenhousegasesbyburningfossilfuels，moreheatenergyistrappedintheatmosphereandcausesEarth'ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.當(dāng)人們通過燃燒化石燃料產(chǎn)生大量額外的溫室氣體時(shí)，更多的熱能被困在大氣中，導(dǎo)致地球表面溫度迅速上升。[例1]Shewastrappedintheburninghouse.她被困在燃燒著的房子里了。[例2]Hewastrappedinanunhappymarriage.他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。[知識(shí)拓展]trapo(doing)sth. 使某人陷入……的圈套；使上當(dāng)fallintothetrapofdoingsth. 掉進(jìn)……的陷阱fallintoatrap 掉進(jìn)陷阱[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Iwastrappedintotelling(tell)thepoliceallIknew.②Alotofusfallintothetrapoffinding(find)happinessfromtheoutsideworld.③Ifthebuswastrappedinthesnow，therewasvirtuallynowaytoevacuatethosefourkids.如果公共汽車被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，那么幾乎沒有辦法使這四個(gè)孩子撤離。[小片段填空]Thehuntersetatrapwhichwasusedtotraptheanimalintomoving(move)intothetrap.Butthelittleboyfellintothetrapbyaccident.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)4resultin導(dǎo)致；造成[教材P27]Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.不斷排放的溫室氣體將導(dǎo)致全球氣候進(jìn)一步變暖，造成持久性全球氣候變化。[例1]Foodallergiescanresultinanenormousvarietyofdifferentsymptoms.食物過敏會(huì)引發(fā)很多不同的癥狀。[例2]Thesepoliciesresultedinmanyelderlypeoplefeelinghappy.這些政策使得許多老人感到幸福。[知識(shí)拓展]resultfrom 由于，由……引起asaresult 結(jié)果asaresultof 由于[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Children'sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrombeingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers.②Asaresultofhisillness，hewaslateforclass.③Whenyoudosomethingwithfaith，itwillresultinsuccess．當(dāng)你有信心的去做某事時(shí)，就會(huì)成功。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)5restrictvt.限制；限定；束縛[教材P27]Weasindividualscanalsoreduceour“carbonfootprint”byrestrictingtheamountofcarbondioxideourlifestylesproduce.我們作為個(gè)人也可以通過限制我們的生活方式所產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳量來(lái)減少我們的“碳足跡”。[例1]Havingsmallchildrentendstorestrictyourfreedom.有年幼的孩子往往會(huì)限制你的自由。[例2]Thelongskirtrestrictedhermovements.長(zhǎng)裙妨礙了她的行動(dòng)。[知識(shí)拓展](1)restrict...to... 把……限制在……berestrictedto 限于restrictsb./oneselftodoingsth. 約束……干……(2)restrictionn. 限制規(guī)定；限制法規(guī)；約束withoutrestriction 毫無(wú)限制[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Irestrictmyself(me)toonecupofcoffeeaday.②Werestrictthenumberofstudentsperclassto40.③Theparkisopentothepublicwithoutrestriction(restrict)．④Thespeedisrestrictedto30kilometersanhourhere.在此地車速被限制為每小時(shí)三十公里。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)6seizevt.抓??；奪??；控制[教材P27]Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...我們有責(zé)任抓住每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，教育大家認(rèn)識(shí)全球變暖……[例1]Shetriedtoseizethegunfromhim.她試圖搶奪他的槍。[例2]Thearmyhasseizedcontrolofthecountry.軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)控制全國(guó)。[知識(shí)拓展]seizethechance/opportunity 抓住機(jī)會(huì)seize...bysurprise 突襲……seizesb.bythearm 抓住某人胳膊seizeon/upon 采用；抓住；利用[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Thetroopseizedthecitybysurprisebeforetheenemiesrealisedit.②Thelittleboyseizedmebythearmtobegforsomemoney.③Weseizeonhisremarkandregarditasapromise.④Bobseizedon/upontherainasanexcuseformissingschool.鮑勃以下雨為借口不去上學(xué)。知識(shí)要點(diǎn)7submitvt.&vi.提交；呈遞；屈服；順從；認(rèn)為[教材P28]Accordingtothereportsubmittedbyresearchers，between20and25percentofallannualcarbondioxideemissionsarecausedbythedestructionoftropicalforests.根據(jù)研究人員提交的報(bào)告，每年20%至25%的二氧化碳排放量是由熱帶森林的破壞造成的。[例1]Completedprojectsmustbesubmittedby10March.完成的方案必須在3月10日前提交上來(lái)。[例2]ButIcannotsubmit，Icanbecomemyownmaster.但我并不會(huì)屈服的，我會(huì)成為自己的主人的。[知識(shí)拓展](1)submitsth.tosb. 提交；呈遞某物給某人submit(oneself)tosb./sth. 順從；屈服submitthat 提議；認(rèn)為(2)submissiveadj. 服從的；順從的；恭順的submissionn. 屈服；呈送；提交[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Hesubmittedthereportonthemattertothecommittee.②We'llsubmitourselves(us)tothecourt'sjudgement.③Isubmitthatthetermsareentirelyunreasonable.④Thestudentsmustsubmitthemselvestothedisciplinesatschool.學(xué)生在學(xué)校必須遵守紀(jì)律。[小片段填空]Thegeneralhadtosubmittheagreementtotheenemies.Thatistosay，hesubmitted(submit)tothem.SentencePatterns重點(diǎn)句式1Thereislittledoubtthat...[教材P26]ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.毫無(wú)疑問，地球正變得越來(lái)越暖和。[句式分析]Thereislittle/nodoubtthat...毫無(wú)疑問……；doubt后面用that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；當(dāng)doubt用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)，后面的從句用that引導(dǎo)；用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的從句用whether引導(dǎo)。[例1]Thereisnodoubtthatitwasastrangeandinterestingsituation.毫無(wú)疑問，那是一個(gè)奇怪而有趣的局面。[例2]Thereisnodoubtatallthatwedidtherightthing.毫無(wú)疑問，我們做得對(duì)。[知識(shí)拓展](1)Ihavenodoubtthat... 我確信……Ihavesomedoubtwhether... 我懷疑……(2)Idoubtwhether/if-clause 我懷疑……Idon'tdoubtthat-clause 我不懷疑……Doyoudoubtthat-clause? 你懷疑……嗎？[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Idon'tdoubtthathewillsucceed.②Idoubtwhether/ifwewillmakeaprofitoutofit.③Thereisnodoubtthatinyourmindheisinnocent，isthere?④Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewillcometohelpus．他是否會(huì)來(lái)幫助我們還有些疑慮。重點(diǎn)句式2notonly...butalso...[教材P27]Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.有強(qiáng)有力且詳盡的證據(jù)表明，氣溫上升導(dǎo)致世界范圍內(nèi)的極端天氣和自然災(zāi)害增加，不僅造成嚴(yán)重破壞，而且造成人員傷亡。[句式分析]句中的notonly...butalso...表示“不但……，而且……”，連接并列的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。[例1]Airnotonlyoccupiesspace，butitalsohasweight.空氣不僅占據(jù)空間，而且它還具有重量。[例2]Shakespearewasnotonlyawriterbutalsoanactor.莎士比亞不僅是一個(gè)作家，還是一個(gè)演員。[知識(shí)拓展](1)notonly與butalso后面所連接的詞的詞性必須對(duì)等。(2)notonly只能連用，而butalso既可連用，也可分開用。notonly與butalso后面所連接的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致原則”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與butalso后的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。(3)notonly放在句首，后面的句子要用部分倒裝。[即學(xué)即練]單句語(yǔ)法填空/完成句子①Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwas(be)invited.②Notonlyareyoufunny，butalsoyouarewitty(機(jī)智的)．③Notonlyyoubutalsoshehas(have)toattendtheceremony.④Theoldworkersinstructtheyoungworkersnotonlyinwordsbutindeeds．老工人對(duì)青年工人不僅言傳而且身教。1．Expertsclaimedthatlowsea-icelevelscausedbyclimatechangemeantthebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore，soithadtotravelgreaterdistancesinordertofindfood.[分析]該句為復(fù)合句。Expertsclaimed是主句；that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，作claimed的賓語(yǔ)；該賓語(yǔ)從句中的thebearcouldnothuntsealsasbefore也是賓語(yǔ)從句，作meant的賓語(yǔ)；causedbyclimatechange是過去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾lowsea-icelevels；so連接的是并列句。[譯文]專家稱，氣候變化導(dǎo)致的海洋冰川位置低意味著這只熊不能像以前那樣捕獵海豹，因此它必須走更遠(yuǎn)的距離才能找到食物。2．Climatescientistsoftenmentionakeyclimateprocesscalledthe“greenhouseeffect”，whichhastwocommonmeanings:the“natural”greenhouseeffectandthe“man-made”greenhouseeffect.[分析]句中的“calledthe‘greenhouseeffect’”是過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾process；which引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句。[譯文]氣候科學(xué)家經(jīng)常提到一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的氣候過程，叫作“溫室效應(yīng)”，它有兩個(gè)共同的含義：“自然”溫室效應(yīng)和“人為”溫室效應(yīng)。教材高考1.Thereisstrongandcomprehensiveevidencethattheriseintemperaturehasledtoanincreaseinextremeweatherandnaturaldisastersworldwide，notonlycausingseriousdamage，butalsocostinghumanlives.(2019·北京卷)Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)...however，biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20，000－25，000polarbearsworldwide.2.Continuedgreenhousegasemissionswillresultinfurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangestotheglobalclimate.(2020·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.3.Itisourresponsibilitytoseizeeveryopportunitytoeducateeveryoneaboutglobalwarming...(2019·天津卷)Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight，whenfearseizedme.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Notonlyhebutalsoweare(be)interestedinfootball.2．Idoubtwhethertheyarenotcheatingpeopleintomakingthebargainsale.3．Droughthasleftmorethantwomillionpeopleclosetostarvation(starve)．4．Theteacherreferred(refer)toinmylastletterhasgoneabroad.5．Theoldmanwastrappedintobuying(buy)asecond-handTVset.6．Thespeechhasresultedinafirestormofcontroversy.7．Disciplineproblemsarebynomeansrestrictedtochildreninfamiliesdependentonbenefits.8．Beforehecouldrunaway，sheseizedhimbythecollar.9．Hehassubmittedhimself(him)asearchbytheguard.10．Whenmolten(melt)steelcools，itchangesintoasolid.Ⅱ.短語(yǔ)填空starvetodeath；referto；betrappedin；takeaction；resultin；submitto1．Thisresultedinaconsiderablelosstotheexchequer(財(cái)政部)．2．Luckily，hewasnotmurdered，buttrappedintheelevatorfordays.3．Studytheexampleandrefertotheexplanationbelow.4．Tensofthousandsofpeoplestarvedtodeathbecauseofthecivilwar.5．Theheroicpeoplewillneversubmittoforeignrule.6．TheytookactiontospeedthenewlawthroughParliament(國(guó)會(huì))．Ⅲ.課文語(yǔ)法填空ThereislittledoubtthatEarthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013，manypeople1.wereshocked(shock)byanewsphotoofadeadpolarbearwhic