新教材高中英語Unit5FirstAidPeriod4課時素養(yǎng)檢測（含解析）新人教版選擇性

Unit5FirstAid課時素養(yǎng)檢測二十Unit5Period4Ⅰ.閱讀理解Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2,000homeshavebeendestroyed.AccordingtotheBBC,thisisthemostcasualties(傷亡)fromwildfiresinthecountrysince2009.TheUniversityofSydneyestimatesthat480millionanimalshavediedinSouthWalesalone.ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.“Thedrierconditionscombinedwithrecordhightemperaturesin2019createdmainconditionsforthedisastrousfires.Australia’sfireswereworsenedbythecombinationofthosetwo.2019wastheperfectstormforbeingthewarmestyearonrecordforAustraliaandthedriestyearonrecordforAustralia,”HausfatheraddedonFriday.

KevinTrenberth,aseniorscientistattheUSNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearch,saidwarmeroceantemperaturesarealsocontributedtomorevariableweatheraroundtheworld.Trenberthbelievesthatglobalwarmingcontributedtoenergyimbalancesandhotspotsintheoceans,whichcancreateawaveintheatmospherethatlocksweatherpatternsinplaces,causinglongerraineventsinIndonesia,forexample,andatthesametimecontributingtodroughtinAustralia.Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.Climateexpertsstressthatclimatechangeisnottheonlyfactorintheseverityofwildfires.Howlandismanagedcanalsoimpacttheamountoffuelavailableforfires.Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.Changingthosepolicieshasgreatpotentialtolimitfuturedamagefromwildfiresalongwithchangestohowfiremanagementresourcesaredispatched(派遣).【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了澳大利亞森林大火產(chǎn)生的條件和蔓延的原因。1.WhatdothenumbersinParagraph1show?A.ThecausesofAustralianfires.B.TheresultsofAustralianfires.C.ThedamagedareasofAustralianfires.D.ThepropertydestructionofAustralianfires.【解析】選B。推理判斷題。由第一段中Thisseason,thebushfiresinAustraliahaveburnedmorethan12.35millionacresofland.Atleast25peoplehavebeenkilledand2,000homeshavebeendestroyed.這個季節(jié),澳大利亞的叢林大火已經(jīng)燒毀了超過1235萬英畝的土地。至少25人死亡,2000所房屋被毀?？芍?本段的數(shù)字表明森林大火產(chǎn)生的嚴重后果。2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“moresusceptibleto”underlinedinthesecondparagraph?A.Quicktoadaptto. B.Suretocause.C.Sensitiveto. D.Easytobeprotectedfrom.【解析】選C。短語猜測題。由第二段中ZekeHausfather,anenergysystemanalystandclimateresearcheratBerkeleyEarth,saidwarmertemperaturesandextremeweatherhavemadeAustraliamoresusceptibletofiresandincreasedthelengthofthefireseason.(能源系統(tǒng)分析師和氣候研究員ZekeHausfather說,氣溫升高和極端天氣使澳大利亞更容易發(fā)生火災,并延長了火災季節(jié)的長度。)可推測氣溫升高和極端天氣使澳大利亞更容易發(fā)生火災,moresusceptibleto意為“更容易受到”,與C項Sensitiveto“對……敏感”意思相近。3.WhatcanweinferfromTrenberth’sresearch?A.Globalwarmingistherootcauseofthebushfires.B.Longerdryweathercontributestoglobalwarming.C.Warmeroceantemperaturespromotefiresspreading.D.Theimbalancedenergyleadstothetemperaturerising.【解析】選A。推理判斷題。由第三段的Hesaidthatonceanareaexperiencesdroughtconditionsfortwomonthsormore,itincreasestheriskoffirescatchingandspreading.Thosechangingweatherpatternsduetoglobalwarmingmakedroughteventslonger.(他說,一旦一個地區(qū)經(jīng)歷了兩個月或更長時間的干旱,它就會增加火災及火災蔓延的風險。那些由于全球變暖而改變的天氣使得干旱持續(xù)的時間更長。)可推斷,全球氣候變暖是森林火災的根本原因。4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.TostresstheeffectsofAustralianfires.B.Toshowthemethodsforcontrollingburns.C.TopredicttheseriousnessofAustralianfires.D.Toprovidesomeadviceaboutreducingdamage.【解析】選D。推理判斷題。由第四段中Practiceslikecontrolledburnsandotherfactorscanimpacttherisktopeopleandproperty,suchaswarningsystemsandthetypeofdevelopmentinagivenarea.(控制性燒林等做法和其他因素可影響對人員和財產(chǎn)的風險,如預警系統(tǒng)和特定地區(qū)的開發(fā)類型。)可知,作者在最后一段介紹控制火災造成的傷害的方法。Ⅱ.閱讀填句Oneofmyearliestmemorieswaswatchingmymomtalkingonouroldphone.Iwasfascinatedthatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn’tactuallyintheroomwithher.1Iwaswonderinghowshemanagedtotalkwithsomeoneshecouldn’tsee.

2Later,wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbecarriedaroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones.ThesedaysIcansendane-mailaroundtheworldinasecond.Mydaughter’ssmartphonehasahundredappsandadozensocialmediaaccounts.Shestoresallofherinformationinamysteriousplaceknownas“thecloud”,whereshecantakeitoutatanytime.Itseemsthatwearemoreconnectedinthisworldthaneverbefore.

3Fewtaketimetotalkfacetoface.Insteadoflookingintoeyesofourbelovedones,westareatourscreens.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationisalsotheloneliest.

Don’tlettechnologytakeourtimeandruinourlife.Makethetimetomeetandtocommunicatewitheachother.Takeawalkonthebeachwithafriend.Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.4

Rememberthatweareheretoloveeachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworldabetterplace.5Butwhenitcan’t,turnitoff.

A.Thatwasalongtimeago.B.Connectofflineaswellasonline.C.Weshouldcommunicatewitheachotherwithphonesoff.D.Smartphoneshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.E.Whenyourtechnologycanhelptodothesethings,thenuseit.F.However,whatbothersmeisthatwerarelyassociatewitheachothernowadays.G.Whenshelefttheroom,Islowlywalkedovertothephoneandstaredatitforawhile.【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。在這篇文章中作者描述了通信工具的變化,指出人們現(xiàn)在很少見面交流,并建議人們合理利用科技,創(chuàng)造更美好的生活。1.【解析】選G。根據(jù)上文中的“Iwasfascinatedthatshecouldtalktosomeonewhowasn’tactuallyintheroomwithher”可知,“我”對于她能和一個不在房間里的人聊天這件事很著迷。G項“當她離開房間的時候,我慢慢地走到電話邊盯著電話看了一會兒”承接上文,引出下文。2.【解析】選A。根據(jù)下文中的“Later,wehadmobilephonesthatcouldbecarriedaroundtheroom.Thencamecomputersandsmartphones”可知,后來,我們有了移動手機,然后電腦和智能電話出現(xiàn)了,因此推斷老式電話的使用已經(jīng)是很久以前的事情了。3.【解析】選F。根據(jù)下文中的“Fewtaketimetotalkfacetoface.Insteadoflookingintoeyesofourbelovedones,westareatourscreens.Itseemsasifthemostconnectedgenerationisalsotheloneliest’’可知,很少有人面對面交談,我們只是盯著屏幕,似乎聯(lián)系最多的一代也是最孤獨的一代,因此F項“然而,讓我煩惱的是,如今我們很少彼此聯(lián)系”引出下文,符合語境。4.【解析】選B。根據(jù)上文Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.可知,要放下手機與朋友交流,也就是說要經(jīng)常面對面地交流,就像在線交流一樣。5.【解析】選E。根據(jù)上文中的“Rememberthatweareheretoloveeachother,helpeachotherandmakethisworldabetterplace”和下文“Butwhenitcan’t,turnitoff”可知,記住我們要彼此相愛,相互幫助,讓世界成為更美好的地方。當科技可以幫助做這些事情的時候,就使用它,當它不能的時候,就不用它。E項與下文在結構和意義上相對應?！军c睛】閱讀填句解題方法

一、總體方法

先確定出題的位置;讀題干,再讀需要填入句子的上下句,畫出關鍵詞;讀文章各段落,確定段落中心句和文章主題句;通讀文章確定上下句和選項之間的邏輯關系。

二、根據(jù)出題位置的不同,說說各自不同的解題方法。

1、出題位置設在段首

(1)查找同義詞或其他相關的詞,推斷出主題句。

(2)鎖定關鍵詞,然后在并列、轉折、因果等選項中查找相關特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。

2、出題位置在段落中

比較上下文的關鍵詞來鎖定答案

閱讀各個空的前后句,標記關鍵詞,閱讀五個空白的前后句,并將前后句中的解題線索,即關鍵詞標記下來。關鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組(如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組)、專有名詞、時間、數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等;閱讀各個選項,尤其是選項的首句,標記關鍵詞;比較并匹配上述幾類關鍵詞,確定答案;將確定的答案代入原文,看讀起來是否通順。

3、出題位置在段尾

這個時候,空白前的一句或兩句是重點語句,大家要重點閱讀以鎖定關鍵詞。

(1)要注意在選項中查找表示結果、結論、總結等的關鍵詞,如:therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,inshort,inaword等,另外大家也要知道,選項中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞語。

(2)如果與前文是轉折或對比關系。大家就要注意在選項中尋找表示轉折對比的關聯(lián)詞,同時注意選項中所講內(nèi)容是否與前文在同一主題上形成對立對比關系。

(3)如果所選答案是引出下一段的內(nèi)容,在選項中找不出與前文之間的關聯(lián),此時可考慮與下一段開頭是否有一定的銜接。認真閱讀下一段開頭幾句,看看是否與選項的最后一句緊密連接起來。

如小題4,可根據(jù)上文Havealongconversationwiththephonesoffandtheheartson.可知,要放下手機與朋友交流,也就是說要經(jīng)常面對面地交流,就像在線交流一樣。故選B。Ⅲ.完形填空OnSaturday,JulietandDarcy,17-year-oldfriends,wereenjoyingsunshineatFurnessParkwhentheynoticedamanfalldownonthesidewalk.Theyhurriedto1theman.

Darcyfelt2hewasgoingtodieinfrontofthem.Shetookacloserlook.Thensheobservedhischestnotgoingupanddown,whichmeanthewasn’t3.

Thegirlsknewtheyneededto4help.WhileDarcystayedwiththe5man,Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells,butnoone6.“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”Darcysaid7.

Julietcontinuedtorunforhelp.Shefinallyfoundsomemenfixingacarandtoldthemthe8.Buttheydidn’tbelievewhatthegirlsaidatfirst.Theyasked,“Iswhatyousaidajoke?”Andsheanswered,“No,call911rightnow.”

Therepairmengotitandthen9CPR(心肺復蘇術)ontheunconsciousmanuntildoctorsarrivedandusedadefibrillator(電擊器)torestarthis10.Doctorssaidthemanwasincriticalconditionandshouldbe11tohospital.

Adoctorsaid,“Totheir12,thetwogirlstakefastactionwhichiscalled’achainofsurvival’whichcansavethe13ofapatientinadangeroussituation.”Butdoctorsdidn’tgetthegirls’namesatthattime,sotheylauncheda(n)14tothepublictofindthem.

Finally,thetwogirlswerefoundandpraisedforhelpingsaveaman’slifeontheweekend.“Wewerebrave,”Darcysaid.“Wegotabitscaredinthebeginning,butlaterwerealized15won’thelptheman.”

【語篇概述】本文是一篇記敘文,講述了兩個女孩朱麗葉和達茜在公園散步時看到一位男士突然摔倒在人行道上不省人事,她倆一個守著病人,一個四處找人幫忙,最后這個男士及時得救,醫(yī)生說她倆的快速行動在救人方面起到了關鍵作用。1.A.recognizeB.applaudC.aidD.seize【解析】選C。考查動詞詞義辨析。recognize認出;applaud稱贊;aid援助、幫助;seize抓住?？涨耙痪湔f朱麗葉和達茜注意到一個男士摔倒在公園的人行道上,看到這一幕后,她們急忙跑過去幫助他。2.A.confused B.terrifiedC.pleased D.curious【解析】選B?？疾樾稳菰~詞義辨析。confused困惑的;terrified害怕的;pleased高興的;curious好奇的。根據(jù)下文中的“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”Darcysaid可知,達茜害怕這個男士會死在她們面前。3.A.bleeding B.breathingC.starving D.choking【解析】選B?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。bleeding流血;breathing呼吸;starving挨餓;choking窒息。根據(jù)空前的“hischestnotgoingupanddown”可知,“胸部沒有上下起伏”是“沒有呼吸”的表現(xiàn)。4.A.forbid B.appreciateC.quit D.seek【解析】選D?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。forbid禁止;appreciate感激;quit放棄;seek尋求。根據(jù)下文“Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells”可知,朱麗葉跑去找人了,這說明這兩個女孩知道她們需要尋求幫助。5.A.unconscious B.familiarC.absent-minded D.ragged【解析】選A。考查形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious無意識的;familiar熟悉的;absent-minded心不在焉的;ragged衣衫襤褸的。根據(jù)上文中的“Thensheobservedhischestnotgoingupanddown,whichmeanthewasn’t________.”可知這個男士沒有了呼吸,當時應該是處于無意識的狀態(tài)。

6.A.enquired B.rememberedC.answered D.succeeded【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。enquired詢問;remembered記得;answered回答;succeeded成功?？丈衔恼f朱麗葉跑到附近人家按門鈴,轉折連詞but表明沒有人開門(應答)。7.A.anxiously B.occasionallyC.eagerly D.merrily【解析】選A?？疾楦痹~詞義辨析。anxiously焦急地;occasionally偶爾;eagerly渴望地;merrily高興地。根據(jù)空前的“Iamreallyafraidheisgoingtodiewithouthelp,”可知,達茜擔心這個男士的安危,因此她說這句話的時候應該是十分焦急的。8.A.consequence B.emergencyC.concept D.mystery【解析】選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。consequence后果;emergency緊急情況;concept觀念;mystery謎。根據(jù)上文的講述可知朱麗葉是去找人救那個摔倒的男士,因此找到人后她把當時的緊急情況(那個人摔倒了,不省人事)告訴了他們。9.A.searchedfor B.putoffC.carriedout D.brokedown【解析】選C?？疾閯釉~短語辨析。searchedfor尋找;putoff推遲;carriedout執(zhí)行、實施;brokedown分解。根據(jù)空后的“CPRontheunconsciousman”可知,修車工對這個不省人事的男士進行了心肺復蘇。10.A.hands B.stomach C.feet D.heart【解析】選D?？疾槊~詞義辨析。hands手;stomach胃;feet腳;heart心臟。上文說修車工對這個不省人事的男士進行了心肺復蘇,由此可知這個男士心臟出了問題,因此醫(yī)生趕到后用電擊器重新復蘇他的心臟。11.A.rushed B.admittedC.persuaded D.guided【解析】選A?？疾閯釉~詞義辨析。rushed緊急前往/送往;admitted承認;persuaded說服;guided引導。根據(jù)空前的“themanwasincriticalcondition”可知,這個男士情況危急,應該立即被送往醫(yī)院。12.A.disappointment B.creditC.annoyance D.horror【解析】選B?？疾槊~詞義辨析。disappointment失望;credit聲望、贊頌;annoyance煩惱;horror驚駭。根據(jù)上文的講述可知,朱麗葉和達茜發(fā)現(xiàn)那個人摔倒后立即找人幫忙,她們的快速行動在救人方面起到了關鍵作用,得到了醫(yī)生的肯定,“toone’scredit”表示“值得贊揚”。13.A.reputation B.prospectC.life D.honor【解析】選C?？疾槊~詞義辨析。reputation名聲;prospect預期;life性命;honor榮譽。根據(jù)空后的“ofapatientinadangeroussituation”可知,這種被稱為“生存鏈”的快速行動在危急情況下可以挽救病人的生命。14.A.appeal B.commentC.attempt D.apology【解析】選A?？疾槊~詞義辨析。appeal呼吁;comment評論;attempt企圖;apology道歉。根據(jù)空后的“tothepublictofindthem”可知,醫(yī)生呼吁公眾尋找那兩個女孩。15.A.prejudice B.regretC.offence D.panic【解析】選D?？疾槊~詞義辨析。prejudice偏見;regret后悔;offence犯罪;panic驚慌。根據(jù)空前的“abitscared”可知,達茜說一開始她們有點兒害怕,但后來她們意識到恐慌幫不了那位男士?！军c睛】本篇第12空難度較大,抓住上文講述的兩個女孩發(fā)現(xiàn)那不省人事的男士后所采取的行動是關鍵,根據(jù)上文中的“WhileDarcystayedwiththe________man,Julietrantonearbyhomesandbeganringingdoorbells”可知,發(fā)現(xiàn)那個人摔得不省人事后,達茜和朱麗葉一個守著病人,一個四處找人幫忙,她倆的快速行動在救人方面起到了關鍵作用,因此醫(yī)生充分肯定了她倆的做法,“toone’scredit”表示“值得贊揚”,即:醫(yī)生說:“值得稱贊的是,這兩個女孩采取了被稱為’生存鏈’的快速行動,在危急情況下這種快速行動可以挽救病人的生命”,故B項(credit)正確。

Ⅳ.語法填空Despitethesuddenjumpinimportedinfectionsinthepastfewdays,thenumberofinboundtrips1._____________(be)120,000onaverageadaysincetheWHOdeclaredtheCOVID-19outbrokeapandemic(流行病)onMarch11,2._____________isan80percentdropyear-on-year,accordingtotheNationalImmigrationAdministration.

AnumberofChinese3._____________(live)abroadarereturningtoChinaregardlessofthehugeeconomiccostanddifficultiesinvolved.Thefact4._____________(reflect)theeffectivenessofthepreventionandcontrolmeasures.5._____________(compare)withforeigncountries,theChinesegovernment’sresoluteandcomprehensiveresponseshavemetthe6._____________(expect)oftheChinesepeople.

Therefore,thereturnees’(海歸的)choiceshouldberespectediftheyfulfillthepreventionandcontrolrequirementsofbothChinaandtheirhostcountry.Thewrongdoingsofafewreturneeswhohidtheirsymptomsatairports7._____________thusforcedtheirclosecontactsintoquarantine(隔離期),too,shouldnotremindthegovernment8._____________(close)thedoortoitsownpeople.

Butsuchissuescanberesolvedbysystemicreform,effectivedistributionoflaborandintroductionofadvancedtechnology.Also,thefactthatChina’sapproach,whichhasalwaysbeenaimedatcorporateand9._____________(peace)developmentandthecommongood,andhasprovedeffectiveinthefight10._____________thepandemicshowsitcanbeusedasreferencebyothercountries.

【語篇概述】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了國外新型冠狀病毒疫情肆虐,許多生活在國外的中國人不顧巨大的經(jīng)濟成本和困難返回中國。這一事實反映了中國預防和控制措施的有效性。中國抗疫的經(jīng)驗值得其他國家借鑒。1.【解析】hasbeen?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)后文sincetheWHOdeclaredtheCOVID-19outbrokeapandemiconMarch11可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語為thenumberofinboundtrips,助動詞應用has。故填hasbeen。2.【解析】which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。此處為非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞120,000onaverageaday,且從句中缺少主語,故用關系代詞which。3.【解析】living?？疾榉侵^語動詞。分析句子結構可知live在句中作非謂語動詞,與邏輯主語Chinese構成主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞。4.【解析】reflects?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。本句陳述客觀事實,用一般現(xiàn)在時,且主語為fact,謂語動詞應用第三人稱單數(shù)。5.【解析】Compared?？疾榉侵^語動詞。根據(jù)短語becomparedwith表示“與……相比較”,分析句子結構可知compare在句中作非謂語動詞,故省略be動詞填compared。句首字母要大寫。故填Compared。6.【解析】expectations。考查名詞。根據(jù)上文the可知應填名詞expectation,且expectation作“希望、期望”講時一般用復數(shù)形式。7.【解析】and?？疾檫B詞。句意:一些回國人員在機場隱藏了自己的癥狀,因此他們的親密接觸者也被隔離。他們的錯誤行為不應該提醒政府關閉對本國人民的大門。結合上下文語境可知為承接關系,故用連詞and。8.【解析】toclose?？疾榉侵^語動詞。短語remindsb.todosth.表示“提醒某人做某事”。9.【解析】peaceful?？疾樾稳菰~。修飾名詞development應用形容詞peaceful。10.【解析】against?？疾榻樵~。短語fightagainst表示“對抗,反對”符合句意?！军c睛】當分詞作狀語的時候,如果構成分詞的動詞與句子的主語構成主動關系,就使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語;當二者構成被動關系,使用過去分詞作狀語。如果分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前,就使用分詞的完成式。如果分詞與句子的主語沒有關系,可以使用狀語從句或者獨立主格結構。

如第3小題,分析句子結構可知live在句中作非謂語動詞,與邏輯主語Chinese構成主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填living。閱讀理解Peopleknowthedangersoffires.It’sgoodforafamilytoknowsomeknowledgeaboutfireprevention.Herearesomesuggestions:Putasmokealarminthehouse.Smokefromafirecausesthealarmtogooff.Thealarmmakesaloudsound.Thesoundtellseveryonetoleavethehouseatonce.Makeescapeplans.Theyshouldknowallthewaysoutofthehouse.Ifthereisafire,everyonefollowstheplantogetout.Partoftheplanistocheckallthewindowstomakesuretheycanbeopenedeasily.Buyfireextinguishersandputtheminthehouse.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowhowtousethem.Practiceforafire.Theydofirepracticebecausetheyteachchildrenaboutfiresafety.Everyoneinthefamilyshouldknowthefollowingfirerules:*Don’topenahotdoor!Thefirecangetbiggerifyouopenthedoor.*Stayclosetothefloor!Smokecanbemoredangerousthanthefire.Thebestairisnearthefloorbecausesmokerises.*Whatwillyoudoifyourhairorclothesstarttoburn?First,stop!Don’trun!Thefireburnsfasterbecauseofmoreair.Drop!Falltothefloor.Thenroll!Turningoverandoverwillmakethefiregoout.Putablanketarou