朗文英語聽說教程2

PAGEPAGE18朗文英語聽說教程（二）QuizUnit1What’sinaName?1.a.Theynamethemaftergrandparents.b.Theychoosenamestheylike.c.Theychoosenamesoffamilyfriends.2.a.Boys’namesb.Girls’namesc.Boys’andgirls’names3.a.Placenamesb.Occupationalnamesc.Addednames4.a.Placenamesb.Addednamesc.Occupationalnames5.Describethreewaysparentschoosefirstnamesfortheirchildren.6.WhatistheoriginofthenameSmith?WhydoesthenameSmithexistinsomanylanguages?AnswerKey1.b2.a3.a4.b5.Someparentsnametheirchildrenafterfriendsorfamilymemberswhohavediedrecently.Otherparentspassdownnamesfromgenerationtogeneration.Otherschoosenamesbecausetheylikehowtheysound.6.ThenameSmithcomesfromtheEnglishword“smite,”tostrike.Asmithmademetaltoolsandotherthingspeopleneededfordailylife.Manylanguageshavenamesthatmeansmithbecauseeverytownhadasmith.Unit2English:AGlobalLanguage?1.a.Englishisnotagloballanguage.b.Englishisagloballanguage.c.Englishistheofficiallanguage.2.a.ManytaxidriverspreferEnglishtoItalian.b.ManypeoplespeakEnglishfluently.c.ManypeopleuseEnglishfortheirjobs.3.a.NewYorkersdon’talwaysspeakEnglish.b.NewYorkersneedEnglishforeverydaypurposes.c.NewYorkersneedEnglishtobesuccessful.4.a.Peopleneedacommonlanguageforspecialsituations.b.PeoplearebecomingmorefluentinEnglish.c.Pilotsshouldbefluentinseverallanguages.5.GivethreeexamplestosupporttheviewthatEnglishisagloballanguage.6.GivethreeexamplestosupporttheviewthatEnglishisnotagloballanguage.AnswerKey1.b2.c3.a4.a5.First,Englishisthemainlanguageofscienceandbusiness.Second,manypeoplestudyEnglishbecausetheyneeditfortheirdailylives.Third,Englishisusedasacommonlanguageforinternationalsportingeventsandmeetings.6.First,manypeopledonotuseEnglishfordailycommunications.Second,manypeopleuseEnglishonlyforspecializedjobsituationsbutdon’tspeakitfluently.Third,manypeopledon’tspeakEnglishevenincountrieswhereEnglishistheofficiallanguage.Unit3HighAnxiety:Phobias1.a.Mildb.Extremec.Normal2.a.Phobiasareuncomfortable.b.Phobiasarecommon.c.Phobiasarelearned.3.a.Bywhatpeoplefearb.Byhowpeoplereactc.Bytheproblemtheycause4.a.Phobiasaretheproblemsthemselves.b.Phobiasaresignsfordeeperproblems.c.Phobiasarequiteeasytocontrol.5.Explainthetwotheoriesofwhatcausesphobias.Giveexamples.6.Howwouldfollowersofeachtheorydifferintheirtreatmentofpatients?AnswerKey1.b2.c3.a4.d5.Thefirsttheoryisthataphobiaislearned.Forexample,awomanwhowasbittenbyadogfeelsafraidwheneversheseesadog.Thesecondtheoryisthataphobiaisasignofadeeperproblem.Forexample,amanisafraidofthedarkbecausehe’sreallyafraidofhisfather,whousedtomakehimsitinadarkroom.6.Followersofboththeoriestrytohelppatientschangetheirbehavior.Followersofthesecondtheoryalsotrytoidentifythepatients’deeperproblems.Unit4TV:WhatWeWatch1.a.Itinfluencesourwork.b.Itinfluencesourclothes.c.Itinfluencesourliterature.2.a.Peopleliketheuniversalthemes.b.Peopleareinterestedinculture.c.PeopleeverywherehaveTVs.3.a.Theyidentifywiththecharacters.b.Theyhavealotoffreetime.c.Theyliketheadvertising.4.a.Createacontinuingstoryb.Createfunnycharactersc.Createcharacterloyalty5.Whatdoescharacterloyaltymean?Giveanexample.6.Ifyouwerewritingasoapopera,whatthemeswouldyouinclude?Why?AnswerKey1.b2.a3.a4.c5.Characterloyaltymeansthatviewersbecomeveryattachedtothecharacters.Theythinkofthemasfriends.Forexample,intheTVshow“Seinfeld,”viewersgettoknowthemaincharacters(Jerry,Elaine,George,andKramer)andlookforwardtospendingtimewiththem.6.Iwouldincludethemessuchasfamily,love,personalstruggles,moneyproblems,marriageproblems,jobproblems,andhealthproblems.Theseareuniversalthemesthatappealtoeverybody.Unit5LearningDifferently1.a.Dyslexicstudentsneedspecialschools.b.Dyslexicstudentsneedteacherswhocanbeflexible.c.Dyslexicstudentsshouldn’tattendschool.2.a.Dyslexiamaycauseproblemsatschool.b.Dyslexiamaybehardtotreat.c.Dyslexiamaybeaninheritedcondition.3.a.Theygenerallyscorewellonintelligencetest.b.Theygenerallyappearintelligenttotheirteachers.c.Theygenerallyfollowdirectionswell.4.a.Tohelpstudentsdobetteratschoolb.Tobuildspecialschoolsfordyslexicstudentsc.Tousecomputerchipstohelpdyslexicchildren5.SummarizeDr.6.Whatkindofteachershouldbehelpfulforstudentswithdyslexia?AnswerKey1.b2.c3.a4.a5.Dr.LevinsonthinksthebrainislikeaTVset6.Ateacherthatwouldbehelpfulforstudentswithdyslexiawouldbeflexibleabouthowtoteachdifferentsubjects.Theteacherwouldalsounderstandtheproblemsdyslexicchildrenface.Inaddition,theteacherwouldtrytohelpthestudentsfeelbetteraboutthemselves.Unit6Immigration:BoundfortheUnitedStates1.a.Apermanentmovetoanothercountryb.Atemporarymovetoanothercountryc.Aforcedmovetoanothercountry2.a.MostimmigrantswerefromSpainorFrance.b.EveryonewasallowedtoimmigratetotheUnitedStates.c.Mostimmigrantswasnotvoluntary.3.a.TheindustrialrevolutioninEuropeb.FamiliesandfriendsintheUnitedStatesc.JobsonfarmsinCalifornia4.a.WhytheimmigrantscametotheUnitedStatesb.Whatworktheimmigrantsdidc.Wheretheimmigrantscamefrom5.WhywastheNaturalizationActof1798important?6.WhywastheUnitedStatescalledameltingpot?Whathasreplacedtheideaofameltingpot?AnswerKey1.a2.b3.a4.c5.TheNaturalizationActof1798allowedgovernmenttocontrolimmigration.TheactrequiredimmigrantstoliveintheUnitedStatesforacertainnumberofyearsbeforetheybecamecitizens.6.TheUnitedStateswascalleda“meltingpot”becausepeoplethoughtimmigrantsshouldgiveuptheirtraditionstocreateauniformsociety.Thiswasreplacedwiththeideaofa“mixedsalad.”Theideaisthatimmigrantskeeptheirtraditionsandmixtogethertocreateastrongsociety.Unit7Who’sCallingtheShots?1.a.Agoodmanageralwaysworksveryhard.b.Agoodmanagerrewardsemployeesfortheirwork.c.Agoodmanagertellsemployeeswhattodo.2.a.Togivetheemployeesabreakfromtheofficeb.Tomaketheemployeeslikethenewmanagerc.Tohelptheemployeesworkbettertogether3.a.Sotheemployeesunderstandthatmanagementisincontrol.b.Sotheemployeesknowthatmanagementvaluestheirideas.c.Sotheemployeesunderstandwhychangesareoccurring4.a.Employeerelationsisimportant.b.Managerscanmakemistakes.c.Managementstylesoftenvary.5.Whyhasteam-buildingbecomeimportantformanagers?6.DescribethethreepartsofMrs.team-buildingplan.AnswerKey1.b2.c3.b4.a5.Managersnowrealizethatemployeesliketofeelliketheyarepartofateam.Ifemployeesthinktheirideasarevaluedandtheirskillsareimportanttothecompany,theywilldotheirbestwork.6.First,Mrs.Unit8RightandWrongontheNet1.a.Toprovideguidelinesforethicalcomputeruseb.Toincreasetheuseofcomputersinschoolsc.Tosolvecomputerproblemscausedbyhacking2.a.Readingafriend’se-mailb.Usingafriend’sscreennamec.Downloadingfreesoftware3.a.StudentsshouldusetheInternetethically.b.StudentsshouldstopusingtheInternet.c.Studentsshouldenforcecomputerethicsrules.4.a.Governmentlawsaboutcomputeruseb.Schoolrulesaboutcomputerusec.Student-madeguidelinesaboutcomputeruse5.WhatisthepurposeoftheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthics?Whatarethemainprinciplesbehindthem?6.ExplainoneoftheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthics.Giveanexample.AnswerKey1.a2.c3.a4.b5.ThepurposeoftheTenCommandmentsofComputerEthicsistoprovideguidelinesforethicaluseofcomputers.Themainprinciplesbehindthemarethatpeopleshouldrespectotherpeople’spropertyanduseresourcesfairly.6.Accordingtoonecommandment,youshouldnotappropriateotherpeople’sideas.Thismeansyoushouldn’tpretendsomeoneelse’sideasareyours.Forexample,itisnotethicaltodownloadatermpaperfromtheInternetandpretendyouhavewrittenit.Unit9WhichWayWillItGo?1.a.Globalweatherchangesb.Thelossofproductivelandc.Overgrazingoffarmanimals2.a.Toemphasizethatlandisveryexpensiveb.Toemphasizethatpeopleliveoneverycontinentc.Toemphasizethattheproblemwillgetworse3.a.Aquarterb.Athirdc.Half4.a.Fewerplantsgrow.b.Lessrainfalls.c.Feweranimalsgraze.5.Whatarethemaincausesofproductivelandloss?6.Howareorganizationshelpingcountriesdealwithproductivelandloss?Giveanexample.AnswerKey1.b2.c3.b4.a5.Themaincausesofproductivelandlossarepeople’sactions.Theseactionsincludeovergrazingofanimals,overcuttingoftrees,andtraditionalfarmingmethodsthatnolongerworkwell.6.Organizationsaretryingtohelpcountriesfindsolutionstoproductivelandloss.Theylookatbothtraditionalmethodsandmodernmethodsthatrespectthelocalculture.Forexample,theymaysuggestnewirrigationsystemsthatleavelesssaltinthesoil.Unit10It’sintheDNA1.a.Theexistenceofgenesb.Thecompletesetofhumangenesc.ThestructureofDNA2.a.BecauseeveryonehasauniqueDNAsampleb.Becauseeveryonehasdifferenthealthproblemsc.Becauseeveryonereactstomedicinedifferently3.a.Defectsinthesegenescausethediseases.b.Defectsinthesegenesmaycausethediseases.c.Defectsinthesegenespreventthediseases.4.a.Itincreasesdrugsales.b.Itsaveslivesandmoney.c.Itpreventsgeneticdefects.5.HowisaDNAfingerprintmade?Explainthesteps.6.HowcouldemployersorinsurancecompaniesuseDNAtestingagainstpeople?AnswerKey1.c2.a3.b4.b5.DNAtestingcanbeusedtohelpsomeoneinprisoninthefollowingway.ADNAsamplecanbetakenfromtheprisoner.Testingisthendone.IftheDNAdoesnotmatchtheDNAfromtheevidenceatthecrimescene,thiscanbeusedtoprovethatthepersoninprisondidnotcommitthecrime.6.EmployerscouldusetheinformationfromDNAtestingtodenypeoplejobsorfirethemifthey’reathigherriskforseriousdiseases.Insurancecompaniescouldusetheinformationtodenypeopleinsuranceorchargethemhigherrates.Unit11StayingHealthy1.a.Peoplehaveweakerimmunesystems.b.Peoplearetravelingmoreinternationally.c.Environmentalproblemsareincreasing.2.a.Weneedtobecarefulininternationalairports.b.TraveltoEuropecancauseproblems.c.Weneedtobeawareofrisksandtakeprecautions.3.a.Fightdiseaseswhereweliveb.Traveltoothercountriesc.Developtreatments4.a.Ithelpstoincreaseimmunity.b.Itmakestheimmunesystemworkovertime.c.Ithelpstreatsomediseases.5.Whatisadaptiveimmunity?Giveanexample.6.Howareallergiesanddiseasesrelated?AnswerKey1.b2.c3.a4.a5.“Adaptiveimmunity”meanspeoplebuildupresistancetothegermswheretheylive.Asaresult,theyarenotaffectedbythem.Forexample,someonelivinginTokyohasadaptiveimmunitytothegermsinTokyo,butnottothegermsinParis.6.Allergiesanddiseasesarebothbasedonourimmuneresponses.Withallergies,theimmunesystemisworkingtoohard.Withdiseases,wearen’tabletoresistthecauseofthedisease.Unit12Prepare,Prepare1.a.Propertydamageb.Disruptionofnormallifec.Lossofoceanlife2.a.Topreventnaturaldisastersb.Topreparefornaturaldisastersc.Topredictnaturaldisasters3.a.Researchingandplanningb.Recoveringandrebuildingc.Organizingemergencysupplies4.a.Researchingandplanningb.Recoveringandrebuildingc.Organizingemergencysupplies5.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanaturalhazardandanaturaldisaster?6.Whyisitdifficultforsomecountriestoinitiateanemergencyresponseplan?AnswerKey1.c2.b3.a4.c5.Anaturalhazardisaforceinnaturethatcanbedangerous.Examplesincludehurricanes,typhoons,andearthquakes.Anaturaldiseaseisaforceinnaturethathascausedalotofdamage.Anexampleisaseriousearthquakethatcausesdeathandpropertyloss.6.Toinitiateanemergencyresponseplan,acountryneedsscientificinformation,money,andcooperationbetweenscientistsandthegovernment.Manycountriesdon’thavescientificinformationorthemoneytouseit.Also,governmentsmaynotwarnpeopleaboutadisasterbecausethey’renotsureitwilloccur.朗文英語聽說教程（一）QuizUnit2NewKindsofFood(1’:50”)1.a.Freshfoodb.Dangerousfoodc.Alteredfood2.a.Strawberriesb.Applesc.Bananas3.a.Itneedsfewerpesticides.b.Itgrowsinlessspace.c.Itdominatestheenvironment.4.a.Itmaystayfreshlonger.b.Itmaybemoreexpensive.c.Itmaybeharmfultopeople.5.Whatarethreebenefitsofgeneticallymodifiedfood?6.Whatarethreerisksofgeneticallymodifiedfood?AnswerKey1.c2.a3.a4.c5.Geneticallymodifiedfoodneedsfewerpesticides.Geneticallymodifiedfood/plantsgrowbetterthannormal.Inaddition,theystayfreshlongeraftertheyareharvested.6.Geneticallymodifiedfood/plantsmaydominateotherplantsintheenvironment.Also,theymighthurtwildanimalsandinsects.Theymightevenhurtthepeoplewhoeatthem.Unit3PublicArt(2’:02”)1.a.Artinmuseumsb.Artinpeople’shousesc.Artinpublicplaces2.a.SpoonbridgeandCherry(spoonandcherry)b.Non-Violence(guninknot)c.Peace(womanonhorse)3.a.Publicartb.Surrealismc.Peace4.a.Tomakepeoplegotomuseumsb.Tomakeartistsmorepopularc.Tomakepublicplacesmorebeautiful5.Whatispopart?Giveanexample.6.Whatissurrealisticart?Giveanexample.AnswerKey1.c2.c3.c4.c5.Popartshowsthingspeopleseeintheireverydaylives.SpoonbridgeandCherry,thesculptureofalargespoonwithacherry,isanexampleofpopart.6.Surrealisticartshowsthingsthatarestrangeorimpossible.Non-Violence,thesculptureofaguntiedinaknot,isanexampleofsurrealisticart.Unit5ViolenceonTelevision(2’:11”)1.a.Threetofourhoursadayb.Threetofourhoursaweekc.Thirtytofortyhoursaweek2.a.Moviesb.Cartoonsc.Thenews3.a.About1,000b.About10,000c.About100,0004.a.TVviolenceislinkedtorealviolence.b.TVviolenceisnotharmfulforchildren.c.TVviolenceisincreasingintheUnitedStates.5.HowdidresearchersstudytheimmediateeffectsofTVviolenceonchildren?6.Howdidresearchersstudythelong-termofTVviolenceonchildren?AnswerKey1.a2.b3.c4.a5.TheresearchersshowedchildrenaTVshowofachildhittingandkickingadoll.Thentheyleftthechildrenalonewithadoll.Thechildrenhitandkickedthedoll.ThisstudyshowedthatchildrendowhattheyseeonTV.6.Theresearchersstudiedhowmuchviolenttelevisionsomechildrenwatchedatageeight.Thentheystudiedthesamechildrenatageeighteen.ThechildrenwhowatchedalotofviolenceTVweremoreviolentatageeighteen.Unit6TooOldtoLearn?(2’:06”)1.a.Beforethecriticalperiodb.Duringthecriticalperiodc.Afterthecriticalperiod2.a.Seeb.Eatc.Meow3.a.Seeb.Eatc.Sing4.a.Theabilitytohearsoundsb.Theabilitytopronouncesoundsc.Thesizeofthebrain5.Definecriticalperiod.Giveanexample.6.Whatisdifficultforadultlanguagelearners?Why?AnswerKey1.b2.a3.c4.b5.Thecriticalperiodiswhenananimalorhumancanlearnanewskill.Forexample,inhumansthereisacriticalperiodforlanguagelearning.6.Adultsfinditdifficulttopronouncesoundscorrectly.Therefore,theymayneverlearntospeakanewlanguagewithanativeaccent.Unit7AreWeAlone?(2’:15”)1.a.Intelligentb