好老師教育云南分校專升本暑假班入學(xué)考試-試卷

好老師教育云南分校專升本暑假班入學(xué)考試-試卷1.Teachershavetoconstantlyupdatetheirknowledgeinordertomaintaintheirprofessional_____.[單選題]A.consequenceB.independenceC.competence(正確答案)D.intelligence2.Anyway,Ican’tcheathim.It’sagainstallmy_____.[單選題]A.emotionsB.principles(正確答案)C.regulationsD.opinions3.“Tommy,run!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershouted,with_____clearlyinhervoice.[單選題]A.angerB.rudenessC.regretD.panic(正確答案)4.There’sa_____inourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.[單選題]A.tradition(正確答案)B.balanceC.concernD.relationship5.Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable_____.[單選題]A.reservationB.transformation(正確答案)C.distinctionD.submission6.Whenaskedabouttheiropinionsabouttheschoolmaster,manyteacherswouldprefertoseehimstepaside_____youngermen.[單選題]A.intermsofB.inneedofC.infavorof(正確答案)D.inpraiseof7.Alwaysremembertoputsuchdangerousthingsasknivesoutofchildren’s_____.[單選題]A.touchB.sightC.reach(正確答案)D.distance8.Givingupmyjobtogobacktofull-timeeducationwasabig_____,butnowIknowitwasthebestdecisionIevermade.[單選題]A.projectB.commitment(正確答案)C.competitionD.ambition9.I’llgotothepartywithyou_____youdon’twearthosestrangetrousers.[單選題]A.asthoughB.inorderthatC.inthatD.providing(正確答案)10.What’sthe_____,inyouropinion,ofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?[單選題]A.sympathyB.themeC.objectD.point(正確答案)11.Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajor_____ofglobalclimatechange.[單選題]A.resultB.cause(正確答案)C.warningD.reflection12.Your_____asastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.[單選題]A.operationB.growthC.performance(正確答案)D.character13.—Whydoyouchoosetoworkinaninternationaltravelagency?

—Well,youknow,Englishismy_____.Soitismybestchoice.[單選題]A.strength(正確答案)B.talentD.abilityD.skill14.WheneverImademistakes,theteacherpointedthemoutwith_____.[單選題]A.curiosityB.satisfactionC.envyD.patience(正確答案)15.You’dbetterwritedownthephonenumberofthatrestaurantforfuture_____.[單選題]A.purposeB.reference(正確答案)C.progressD.memory16.There’sa_____inourofficethatwhenit’ssomebody’sbirthday,theybringinacakeforusalltoshare.[單選題]A.tradition(正確答案)B.balanceC.concernD.relationship17.We’dbetterdiscusseverything_____beforeweworkouttheplan.[單選題]A.indetail(正確答案)B.ingeneralC.onpurposeD.ontime18.ThePalaceMuseumhasa_____of96millionpiecesofancientChineseartworks.[單選題]A.collection(正確答案)B.mixtureC.combinationD.series19.Abigfire_____inafactorylastmonth.Itisimportantforustobecarefulwithfire.[單選題]A.putoutB.turnedoutC.gotoutD.brokeout(正確答案)20.—ThebookiswrittenbyT.C.Smith.

—WhatdoestheT.C._____?[單選題]A.payattentiontoB.regardasC.standfor(正確答案)D.setoff第二題、完形填空題（單選題，每個小題1分，共10個小題，共20分）Throughouthistorymanhashadtoacceptthefactthatalllivingthingsmustdie.Butpeoplenowlivelongerthanthey__1__.Yet,alllivingthingsstillshowtheeffectofaging,whichwilleventually__2__death.

Agingisnotadisease,butasapersonpassesmaturity(成熟期),thecellsofthebodyandthe__3__theyformdonotfunctionaswellastheydidinchildhoodandteenageyears.Thebodyprovidesless__4__againstdiseaseandismorelikelytohaveaccident.

Anumberofrelatedcausesmaycontributetoaging.Somecellsofthebodyhaveafairlylonglife,buttheyarenot__5__whentheydie.Asapersonages,__6__ofbraincellsandmusclecellsdecreases.Otherbodycellsdieandarereplacedbynewcells.Inanagingpersonthenewcellsmaynotbeasworkableorascapableofgrowthasthoseofayoungperson.

Anotherfactorinagingmaybechangeswithinthecells__7__.Someoftheproteinchemicalsincellsareknown__8__withageandbecomelesselastic(有彈性的).Thisiswhytheskinofoldpeoplewrinkles(皺紋)and__9__.Thisisalsothereasonwhyoldpeople__10__inheight.Theremaybeothermoreimportantchemicalchangesinthecells.Somecomplexcellchemicals,suchasDNAandRNA,storeandpassoninformationthatthecellsneed.Agingmayaffectthisprocessandchangetheinformation-carryingmoleculessothattheydonottransmittheinformationaswell.1.[單選題]A.wouldB.beusedtoC.usedto(正確答案)D.used2.[單選題]A.leadinB.giveinC.runintoD.resultin(正確答案)3.[單選題]A.handsB.feetC.heartD.organs(正確答案)4.[單選題]A.energyB.protection(正確答案)C.vigorD.power5.[單選題]A.replaced(正確答案)B.rebornC.recoveredD.surrendered6.[單選題]A.anumberB.theamountC.thenumber(正確答案)D.agreatdeal7.[單選題]A.forthemselvesB.ofthemselvesC.themselves(正確答案)D.ontheirown8.[單選題]AchangeB.tohavechangedC.tochange(正確答案)D.tobechanged9.[單選題]A.hangsloose(正確答案)B.hangslooselyC.ishanginglooselyD.ishangingloose10.[單選題]A.increaseB.shrink(正確答案)C.lengthenD.decrease第三題、閱讀理解題（單選題，每個小題2分，共30題，共60分。）Passage1Justsevenyearsago,theJarvik-7artificialheartwasbeingcheeredasthemodelofhumancreativeness.ThesightofBarneyClark-aliveandconsciousaftertradinghisdiseasedheartforametal-and-plasticpump-convincedthepress,thepublicandmanydoctorsthatthefuturehadarrived.Ithadn’t.AftermonitoringproductionoftheJarvik-7,andreviewingitseffectsonthe150orsopatients(mostofwhomgotthedeviceasatemporarymeasure)theU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationconcludedthatthemachinewasdoingmoretoendangerlivesthantosavethem.Lastweektheagencycancelleditsearlierapproval,effectivelybanning(禁止)thedevice.

TherecallmayhurtSymbionInc.,makeroftheJarvik-7,butitwon’tendtherequestforanartificialheart.Oneproblemwiththebannedmodeisthatthetubesconnectingittoanexternalpowersourcecreatedpassageforinfection.Inventorsarenowworkingonnewdevicesthatwouldbefullyplaced,alongwithatinypowerpack,inthepatient’schest.Thefirstsampleproductsaren’texpectedforanother10or20years.Butsomepeoplearealreadyworryingthatthey’llwork--andthatAmerica’soverextendedhealth-careprogramswillloseaprecious$2.5billionto$5billionayearprovidingthemforarelativelyfewdyingpatients.Ifsuchexpenditures(開支)cutintofundingformorebasiccare,theneteffectcouldactuallybeadeclineinthenation’shealth.1.Accordingtothepassage,theJarvik-7artificialheartprovedtobe_____.[單選題]A.atechnicalfailure(正確答案)B.atechnicalwonderC.agoodlife-saverD.aneffectivemeanstotreatheartdisease2.FromthepassageweknowthatSymbionInc._____.[單選題]A.hasbeenbannedbythegovernmentfromproducingartificialheartsB.willreviewtheeffectsofartificialheartsbeforedesigningnewmodelsC.maycontinuetoworkonnewmodelsofreliableartificialhearts(正確答案)D.canmakenewmodelsofartificialheartsavailableonthemarketin10to20years3.Thenewmodelsofartificialheartsareexpected_____.[單選題]A.tohaveaworkinglifeof10or20yearsB.tobesetfullyinthepatient’schest(正確答案)C.tobeequippedwithanexternalpowersourceD.tocreateanewpassageforinfection4.Theword“them”inLine7,Para.2refersto_____.[單選題]A.doctorswhotreatheartdiseasesB.makersofartificialheartsC.America’shealth-careprogramsD.newmodelofartificialhearts(正確答案)5.Somepeoplefeelthat_____.[單選題]A.artificialheartsareseldomeffectiveB.thecountryshouldnotspendsomuchmoneyonartificialhearts(正確答案)C.thecountryisnotspendingenoughmoneyonartificialheartsD.America’shealth-careprogramsarenotdoingenoughforthenation’shealthPassage2TheGataisusedtofrownwhentheyreceivedpowerbillsthatroutinelytopped$200.LastSeptemberthecouplemovedintoa1,500-square-foothomeinPremierGardens,asubdivisionof95“zero-energyhomes”(ZEH)justoutsidetown.Nowthey’reactuallyeagertoseetheirelectricitybills.Thegrandtotaloverthe10monthsthey’velivedinthethree-bedroomhouse:$75.Forthepasttwomonthstheyhaven’tpaidacent.

ZEHcommunitiesaretheleadingedgeoftechnologiesthatmightsomedaycreatehousesthatproduceasmuchenergyastheyconsume.PremierGardensisoneofahalf-dozensubdivisionsinCaliforniawhereeveryhomecutspowerconsumptionby50%,mostlybyusinglow-powerappliancesandsolarpanels.

Asidefromthepanelsontheroof,PremierGardenslookslikeacommunityofconventionalhomes.Butinside,specialwindowscutpowerbillsbyblockingsolarheatinsummerandretainingindoorwarmthinwinter.

Therestoftheenergysavingscomesfromthesolarunits.Theydon’tjustfeedthehometheyserve.Iftheygeneratemorepowerthanthehomeisusing,theexcessflowsintotheutility’spowergrid(電網(wǎng)).Theresidentsarebilledby“netmetering”:theypayfortheamountofpowertheytapoffthegrid,lessthekilowatts(千瓦)theyfeedintoit.Ifahomegeneratesmorepowerthanituses,thebilliszero.

Thatsoundslikeabaddealforthepowercompany,butit’snot.Solarhomesproducethemostpoweronthehotsunnyafternoonswheneveryonerusheshometoturnuptheairconditioner.“Ithelpsuslowerusageatpeakpowertimes,”sayssolarexpertMikeKeesee.“Thatletsusavoidbuildingcostlyplantsorbuyingexpensivepoweratpeakusagetime.”

What’snottolike?Mostlythecosts.Thespecialfeaturescanadd$25,000ormoretothepurchasepriceofahouse.Taxbreaksbringthecostdown,especiallyinCalifornia,butinmanystatesZEHscanbeprohibitivelyexpensive.Fortheconsumer,it’samatterofpayingnowforthehardwaretosavelaterontheutilities.1.WhyaretheGataiseagertoseetheirelectricitybillsnow?[單選題]A.Theywanttoseehowmuchtheyhavesaved.(正確答案)B.Theywanttocutdowntheirutilityexpenses.C.Theywanttoknowiftheyareabletopay.D.Theywanttoavoidbeingovercharged.2.WhatisspecialabouttheZEHcommunities?[單選題]A.Theyhavecreatedcutting-edgetechnologies.B.Theyaimtobeself-sufficientinpowersupply.(正確答案)C.Theyaresubdividedintohalfadozensections.D.Theyarebuiltinharmonywiththeenvironment.3.HowaretheresidentsintheZEHcommunitiesbilledforelectricityuse?[單選題]A.Theyareonlychargedfortheamountofpowertheyconsumeonrainydays.B.Theyneedn’tpayasinglecentfortheirpowerconsumptiononsunnydays.C.Theyonlypayfortheexcesspowerthatflowsintotheutility’spowergrid.D.Theypayfortheelectricityfromthegridlesstheirhome-generatedpower.(正確答案)4.Whatdoesthe“netmetering”practicemeantothepowercompany?[單選題]A.Morepressureatpeaktime.B.Increasedelectricityoutput.C.Lessprofitsintheshortterm.D.Reducedoperationalcosts.(正確答案)5.TheauthorbelievesthatbuyingahouseinaZEHcommunity_____.[單選題]A.isbutadreamforaverageconsumersB.givestheownersubstantialtaxbenefitsC.isaworthyinvestmentinthelongrun(正確答案)D.contributestoenvironmentalprotectionPassage3Romanticlovehasclearevolutionaryrootsbutourviewsaboutwhatmakesanidealromanticrelationshipcanbeswayedbythesocietywelivein.SosayspsychologistMaureenO’SullivanfromtheUniversityofSanFrancisco.Shesuggeststhathumanshavealwaystriedtostrengthenthepair-bondtomaximize(使最大化)reproductivesuccess.

Manysocietiesthroughouthistoryandaroundtheworldtodayhavecultivatedstrongpressurestostaymarried.Inthosewheretiestofamilyandcommunityarestrong,lifelongmarriagescanbepromotedbypracticessuchastheculturalprohibitionofdivorceandarrangedmarriagesthatareseenasacontractbetweentwofamilies,notjusttwoindividuals.Inmodernwesternsocieties,however,thefocusonindividualityandindependencemeansthatpeoplearelessconcernedaboutconformingto(遵守)thedictatesoffamilyandculture.Intheabsenceofsocietalpressurestomaintainpair-bonds,O’Sullivansuggeststhatromanticlovehasincreasinglycometobeseenasthefactorthatshoulddeterminewhowestaywithandforhowlong.“That’swhyhistoricallyweseeanincreaseinromanticloveasabasisforforminglong-termrelationships,”shesays.

AccordingtoO’Sullivanculturealsoshapesthesortsoffeelingsweexpecttohave,andactuallydoexperience,wheninlove.Althoughthenegativeemotionsassociatedwithromanticlove--fearofloss,disappointmentandjealousy--arefairlyconsistentacrosscultures,thepositivefeelingscanvary.“IfyouaskJapanesestudentstolistthepositiveattributestheyexpectinaromanticpartner,theyratehighlythingslikeloyalty,commitmentanddevotion,”saysO’Sullivan.“IfyouaskAmericancollegewomen,theyexpecteverythingunderthesun:inadditiontobeingcommitted,partnershavetobeamusing,funnyandafriend.”

Wejudgeapotentialpartneraccordingtoourspecificculturalexpectationsaboutwhatromanticloveshouldfeellike.Ifyoubelievethatyouhavefoundtrueromance,andyourculturetellsyouthatthisiswhatalong-termrelationshipshouldbebasedon,thereislessneedtorelyonsocialorfamilypressurestokeepcouplestogether,O’Sullivanargues.1.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeople’sviewsofanidealromanticrelationship?[單選題]A.Theyvaryfromculturetoculture.(正確答案)B.Theyensurethereproductivesuccess.C.Theyreflecttheevolutionaryprocess.D.Theyareinfluencedbypsychologists.2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethatstrongfamilyandcommunityties_____.[單選題]A.largelyrelyonmarriagecontractsB.cancontributetostablemarriages(正確答案)C.oftenruncountertoromanticloveD.makedivorcesvirtuallyunacceptable3.Withoutsocialpressurestokeeppair-bonds,romanticlove_____.[單選題]A.willbeasubstituteformarriageinhumanrelationshipsB.playsakeyroleinmaintaininglong-termrelationships(正確答案)C.islikelytoreplacethedictatesoffamilyandsocietyD.isawaytodevelopindividualityandindependence4.O’Sullivanbelievesthatwhenpeoplefromdifferentculturesfallinlove,_____.[單選題]A.theyexpectdifferentthingsfromtheirpartner(正確答案)B.theytendtoexaggerateeachother’spositivequalitiesC.theyoftenfailtoseeeachother’snegativequalitiesD.theylaymoreemphasisoncommitmentanddevotion5.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat_____.[單選題]A.culturaldifferencesoftentearapartafamilybuiltonromanticloveB.marriagesarehardtosustainwithoutsocialorfamilypressuresC.romanticloveisbecomingincreasinglyimportantinfamilyrelationships(正確答案)D.romanticlovetendstoyieldwherefamilyorsocialpressuresarestrongPassage4Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV(orasimilardistraction)canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity(新舊研究的差異)suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.

“Hungerisn’tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal,”Brunstromsays.“Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought.”

Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2021study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380-calorie(卡路里)milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones(荷爾蒙),dependingonwhetherthemilkshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.1.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?[單選題]A.Howweperceivethefoodweeat.(正確答案)B.Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.C.Whenweeatourmeals.D.Howfastweeatourmeals.2.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?[單選題]A.Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.B.Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.C.Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.D.Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.(正確答案)3.Whatdowelearnfromthe2021study?[單選題]A.Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.B.Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.(正確答案)C.Hungerlevelsdependonone’sconsumptionofcalories.D.Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.4.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?[單選題]A.Trickourselvesintoeatingless.B.Choosefoodwithfewercalories.C.Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.(正確答案)D.Pickdishesoftherightsize.5.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?[單選題]A.Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.B.Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.(正確答案)C.Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.D.Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.Passage5Asasocietywemightwanttorethinkthetimeandmoneyspentoneducation,sothattheseresourcescanbenefitagreaterpercentageofthepopulation.Ideally,bothhighschoolsandcollegescanprepareindividualsfortheever-changingrolesthatarelikelytobeexpectedofthem.

Highschooldegreesofferfarlessinthewayofpreparationforworkthantheymight,orthanmanyothernationscurrentlyoffer,creatingagrowingskillsgapinoureconomy.Weencouragestudentstogoontocollegewhethertheyarepreparedornot,orhaveaclearsenseofpurposeorinterest,andnowhavethehighestcollegedropoutrateintheworld.

Wemightlooktoothercountriesformodelsofhowhighschoolscanofferbettertraining,aswellasthedevelopmentofaworkethic(勤奮工作的美德)andtheintellectualskillsneededforcontinuedlearninganddevelopment.IrecommendHarvard’s2021“PathwaystoProsperity”reportformoreattentiontothe“forgottenhalf”(thosewhodonotgoontocollege)andideasabouthowtoaddressthisissue.

Simultaneously,theliberalartsbecomemoreimportantthanever.Inaknowledgeeconomywhereprofessionalroleschangerapidlyandmanycollegestudentsarepreparingforpositionsthatmaynotevenexistyet,theskillsetneededisonethatpreparesthemforchangeandcontinuedlearning.

Learningtoexpressideaswellinbothwritingandspeech,knowinghowtofindinformation,andknowinghowtodoresearchareall-solidbackgroundskillsforawidevarietyofroles,andsuchtrainingismoreimportantthananyparticularmajorinaliberalartscollege.Weneedtocontinuetovaluebroadpreparationinthinkingskillsthatwillserveforalifetime.

Studentsalsoneedtolearntoworkindependentlyandtomakeresponsibledecisions.Thelengtheningpathtoadulthoodappearsexacerbated(惡化)byparentalinvolvementinthecollegeyears.Giventherisinginvestmentincollegeeducation,parentalconcernisnotsurprising,butlearningwhereandwhentointervene(干涉)willhelpstudentstakemoreownershipoftheoutcomesoftheseincreasinglycostlyeducations.1.Whatkindofeducationdoestheauthorthinkisideal?[單選題]A.Itbenefitsthegreatmajorityofthegeneralpopulation.B.Itpreparesstudentstomeetthefutureneedsofsociety.(正確答案)C.Itencouragesstudentstolearnthroughouttheirlives.D.Itensuresthatstudents’expectationsaresuccessfullyfulfilled.2.Whatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithpresenthighschooleducation?[單選題]A.Ignoringtheneedsofthosewhodon’tgotocollege.B.Teachingskillstobeusedrightaftergraduationonly.C.Givinglittleattentiontothosehavingdifficultylearning.D.Creatingthehighestdropoutrateinthedevelopedworld.(正確答案)3.Whatcharacterizesaknowledgeeconomyaccordingtothepassage?[單選題]A.Peoplehavetoreceivehighereducationtoqualifyforaprofessionalposition.B.Studentsmajoringinliberalartsusuallyhavedifficultysecuringajob.C.Newpositionsareconstantlycreatedthatrequirepeopletokeeplearning.(正確答案)D.Collegesfindithardtoteachstudentshowtocopewiththechangingeconomy.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaliberalartscollegeshouldfocuson?[單選題]A.Solidbackgroundknowledgeinaparticularfield.B.Practicalskillsurgentlyneededincurrentsociety.C.Basicskillsneededforchangeandlifelonglearning.(正確答案)D.Usefulthinkingskillsforadvancedacademicresearch.5.Whatsuggestiondocstheauthoroffertoparents?[單選題]A.Rethinkingthevalueofhighereducation.B.Investingwiselyintheirchildren’seducation.C.Helpingtheirchildrentobringtheirtalentintofullplay.D.Avoidingtoomuchinterventionintheirchildren’seducation.(正確答案)Passage6Arecentglobalsurveyof2000high-net-worthindividualsfoundthat60%werenotplanningonatraditionalretirement.AmongUSparticipants,75%expectedtocontinueworkinginsomecapacityevenaftersteppingawayfromfull-timejobs.“Manyofthesepeoplemadetheirwealthbydoingsomethingthey’repassionate(有激情的)about,”saysDanielEgan,headofbehavioralfinanceforBarclaysWealthAmericas.“Giventhechoice,theyprefertocontinueworking.”Barclayscallsthesepeople“nevertirees”.

UnlikemanyAmericanscompelledintoearlyretirementbycompanyrestrictions,theaveragenevertireeoftenhasnooneforcinghishand.If106-year-oldinvestorIrvingKahn,headofhisownfamilyfirm,wantstokeepcomingtoworkeveryday,who’sgoingtostophim?Seventy-eight-year-oldSupremeCourtJusticeRuthBaderGinsburg’sjobsecurityisguaranteedintheConstitution.

Itmayseemthattheseelderlypeoplearetryingtocheatdeath.Infact,theyare.Andit’sworking.HowardFriedman,aprofessoratUCRiverside,foundinhisresearchthatthosewhoworkhardestandaresuccessfulintheircareersoftenlivethelongestlives.“Peoplearegenerallybeinggivenbadadvicetoslowdown,takeiteasy,stopworrying,andretiretoFlorida,”hesays.Hedescribedonestudyparticipant,stillworkingattheageof100,whowasrecentlydisappointedtoseehissonretire.

“We’rebeginningtoseeachangeinhowpeopleviewretirement,”saysGeorgeLeeson,co-directoroftheInstituteofPopulationAgeingatOxford.Whereonceretirementwasseenasabriefrewardafteralongstrugglethroughsomemiserablejob,itisnowakin(近似)tobeingcastaside.WhatLeesonterms“theWarrenBuffetteffect”isbecomingmorebroadlyappealingasindividualscometo“viewretirementasnotsimplybeinglinkedtoeconomicproductivitybutalsoaboutcontribution.”

Observersaresplitonwhetherthisisawhollygoodthing.Ontheonehand,companiesandfinancialfirmscanbenefitfromthewisdomofaresilient(堅(jiān)韌的)chief.Ontheother,thenewgenerationcanfinditmoredifficulttoadvance—anargumentthattypicallyholdslittleswaytoanevertiree.1.Whatdowelearnabouttheso-called“nevertirees”？[單選題]A.Theyarepassionateaboutmakingafortune.B.Theyhavenochoicebuttocontinueworking.C.Theylovewhattheydoandchoosenottoretire.(正確答案)D.Theywillnotretireunlesstheyarecompelledto.2.WhatdoIrvingKahnandRuthBaderGinsburghaveincommon?[單選題]A.Neitherofthemissubjecttoforcedretirement.(正確答案)B.Neitherofthemdesiresrewardfortheirwork.C.Bothclingtotheirpositionsdespiteopposition.D.Botharecapableofcopingwithheavyworkloads.3.WhatisthefindingofHowardFriedman’sresearch?[單選題]A.Theharderyouwork,thebiggeryourfortunewillbe.B.Theearlieryouretire,thehealthieryouwillbe.C.Elderlypeoplehavetoslowdowntolivelonger.D.Workingatanadvancedagelengthenspeople’slife.(正確答案)4.Whatisthetraditionalviewofretirementaccordingtothepassage?[單選題]A.Itmeansaburdentotheyoungergeneration.B.Itisasymbolofamatureandcivilizedsociety.C.Itisacompensationforone’slife-longhardwork.(正確答案)D.Ithelpsincreaseanation’seconomicproductivity.5.Whatdocriticssayabout“nevertirees”?[單選題]A.Theyareanobstacletoacompany’sdevelopment.B.Theylackthecreativityoftheyoungergeneration.C.Theycannotworkasefficientlyastheyusedto.D.Theypreventyoungpeoplefromgettingahead.(正確答案)第四題、閱讀理解題（判斷題，每個小題2分，共15題，共30分。）Passage1StudentsinWashingtonwillreturntoclassroomsthismonthtobeginanewschoolyear.Butatleast50%oftheirteacherswillnotreturnwiththem.Lastmonth,theDistrictofColumbiapublicschoolstold206teachersthattheyarenotgoodenoughtostay.

Theschoolsystemdismissed75teacherslastyear.Itwasthefirstyearofanewteacherratingsystem.

ExpertssaysuchlargenumbersofdismissalsarerareinAmericanschools.ButinWashingtontheratingsystemisnotgovernedbythelaborcontractwiththeteachersunion.Soschoolofficialshavemorefreedom.

ThesystemiscalledIMPACT.Teachersareobservedintheclassroomfivetimesayearforatleastthirtyminuteseachtime.Theyarealsojudgedbystudenttestscores.

Administratorsrated65ofthe206teachersas“ineffective”.Theotherslosttheirjobsbecausetheywererated“minimallyeffective”forasecondyear.

TheNationalCouncilonTeacherQualityisaresearchgroupthatworkstoincreasethenumberofeffectiveteachers.EmilyCohen,apolicydirectorthere,saysthecouncilsupportstheIMPACTsystem.“Thisisanevaluationinstrumentthatisfinallyabletocapturewhoishighlyeffectiveandwhoisineffectiveandwhocouldbedoingbetterandcouldusesomeassistance.Moste