英語四級真題長難句分析

1/14英語四級真題長難句分析1.四級真題長難句分析1.That’stheconclusionofarecentlyreleasedstudy,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,revealinganaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.【分析】本句主干是“That’stheconclusion…”。ofarecentlyreleasedstudy作后置定語，修飾conclusion。which引導的非限制性定語從句修飾study，“revealing…perlitreofwater”是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語?！咀g文】這是最近公布的一項研究的結(jié)論，該研究分析了在九個國家出售的11個品牌的259瓶水，發(fā)現(xiàn)每升水中平均有325個塑料微粒。2.四級真題長難句分析Confrontedwiththisevidence,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheirownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.【分析】本句主干是“…severalbottled-watermanufacturers…undertooktheirownstudies…”。Confrontedwiththisevidence是過去分詞短語作伴隨狀語；includingNestleandCoca-Cola是后置定語，修飾manufacturers；usingthesamemethodology是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語?！咀g文】面對這一證據(jù)，包括雀巢、可口可樂在內(nèi)的幾家瓶裝水生產(chǎn)商利用同樣的方法進行了他們自己的研究。3.四級真題長難句分析Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adronecaughtfootageofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.【分析】本句主干是“…adronecaughtfootageofaUSPSworker…”。Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California是時間狀語，drivingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。【譯文】在2017年加利福尼亞州圣羅莎那場致命火災過后幾天，一架無人機捕捉到了一名美國郵政管理局員工特雷弗·史密斯的連續(xù)鏡頭，他正開著那輛熟悉的白色貨車穿梭在焚毀的房子中間，收集災區(qū)內(nèi)的郵件。4.四級真題長難句分析ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence.【分析】本句主干是“ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistant…”。動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)tohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass為目的狀語，Knowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence為同位語，補充說明theonlineclass【譯文】喬治亞理工學院的阿肖克·戈埃爾教授開發(fā)了一個人工智能助教來幫助處理名為“基于知識的人工智能”這個在線課程中大量的學生問題。5.四級真題長難句分析GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.【分析】本句主干是“Goelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversions…”。介詞短語ofJillWatson作后置定語，修飾severalversions。beforereleasinghertotheonlineforums是時間狀語?！咀g文】戈埃爾和他的團隊開發(fā)了吉爾·沃森的幾個版本，然后才把她發(fā)布到網(wǎng)上論壇。6.四級真題長難句分析Crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.【分析】本句主干是“Crowdfunding…h(huán)astakenoffinrecentyearsforeverything…”。raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals是Crowdfunding的同位語；frommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets是everything的后置定語。【譯文】近年來，眾籌，即通過網(wǎng)絡募捐呼吁為某個項目籌集資金，在從制作電影到生產(chǎn)節(jié)水設備的各個領域蓬勃發(fā)展。7.四級真題長難句分析Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientist’spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown.【分析】本句主干是“Otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaproject’ssuccess…”。mostnotably,thesizeofascientist’spersonalandprofessionalnetworks,andhowmucharesearcherpromotesaprojectontheirown對factors進行補充說明?！咀g文】其他因素也可能會對項目的成功產(chǎn)生重大影響，其中最顯著的是科學家的個人人脈和職業(yè)網(wǎng)絡的規(guī)模以及研究人員自身對項目的推動程度。8.四級真題長難句分析Thatistheconclusionofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratoryvirusesspreadonairplanes.【分析】本句主干是“Thatistheconclusionofanewstudy…”。其后that引導的限制性定語從句修飾anewstudy，該從句中，howrespiratoryvirusesspreadonairplanes是賓語從句，作lookedat的賓語?！咀g文】這是一項新研究的結(jié)論，該研究關(guān)注的是呼吸道病毒如何在飛機上傳播。9.四級真題長難句分析Researchersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample—oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual—hadahighriskofcatchingtheillness.【分析】本句主干是“Researchersfound…”。其后是that引導的賓語從句，作found的賓語。該從句中，主干是“onlypeople…h(huán)adahighriskofcatchingtheillness”，who引導的限制性定語從句修飾主語people。破折號中間的內(nèi)容oronerowinfrontoforbehindthatindividual進一步解釋說明乘客坐的位置。【譯文】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，例如，只有和流感乘客坐在同一排的人——或者他前一排或后一排的人——被傳染的風險很高。10.四級真題長難句分析Theresearchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatsoneithersideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisindividual,hadaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick.【分析】本句主干是“Theresearchersfound…”。其后是that引導的賓語從句，作found的賓語。該從句中，主干是“passengers…aswellasthose…h(huán)adaboutan80percentchanceofgettingsick”，兩個sitting的現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，分別修飾passengers和those，其中those指代上文出現(xiàn)的passengers?！咀g文】研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，坐在流感病人任何一側(cè)兩個座位之內(nèi)的乘客，以及坐在此人前一排或后一排的乘客，生病的幾率大約是80%。11.四級真題長難句分析

InoneUSstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthosewhoatealargelunchordinner.【分析】本句主干是“…researchersfoundthat…”?！皌hatthose…weremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(BMI)thanthose…”是that引導的賓語從句，作found的賓語。在該賓語從句中又包含兩個who引導的定語從句，分別修飾兩個those。InoneUSstudy作狀語，其中又包含一個that引導的定語從句，修飾study。【譯文】在一項分析了七年來五萬人健康數(shù)據(jù)的美國研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與吃了大量午餐或晚餐的人相比，那些把早餐作為一天中最大一餐的人更有可能擁有較低的身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)（BMI）。12.四級真題長難句分析Whattheyfoundwasthatitwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.【分析】本句主干是“Whattheyfoundwasthat…”，其中主語是What引導的主語從句，that引導表語從句。在該表語從句中又包含兩個強調(diào)句itwasn’tbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight和itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine（其后省略了thatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight）?！咀g文】他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，并不是早餐本身導致了參與者的體重下降，而是他們?nèi)粘Ｉ罘绞降母淖冊斐傻摹?3.四級真題長難句分析Whilethere’snoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwe’rehungry.【分析】本句主干是“…theconsensusisthat…”，其中that引導表語從句。在該表語從句中又包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句。While引導讓步狀語從句，其中含有what和when引導的賓語從句，when引導的賓語從句后省略了weshouldbeeating?！咀g文】雖然沒有確鑿的證據(jù)表明我們到底應該吃什么以及什么時候吃，但人們的共識是，我們應該傾聽自己的身體，在感覺餓的時候吃東西。14.四級真題長難句分析Thisconnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.【分析】本句主干是“Thisconnectionhappens…”,其后bymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting是方式狀語，atconferences是地點狀語，wherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear是限制性定語從句，修飾conferences?！咀g文】這種聯(lián)系不僅僅是通過協(xié)作開發(fā)、審查和測試得以實現(xiàn)，更是在教職人員通常召開的決定來年使用何種教材、開設何種課程的會議上體現(xiàn)出來。15.四級真題長難句分析Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.

【分析】本句主干是“Highlighting,Post-Itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomization…”,其后thatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks是限制性定語從句，修飾customization?！咀g文】學生們可以通過劃重點、貼備注、折書角以及其他方法進一步定制自己的課本，這正是學生們喜歡印刷書籍多過電子書籍的地方。16.四級真題長難句分析Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigmentinplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.【分析】本句主干是“Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll…andholdthesegenes…”。thegreenpigmentinplants是chlorophyll的同位語，thatcapturesenergyfromsunlight是限制性定語從句，修飾thegreenpigment；withintheirbody是地點狀語。【譯文】海蛞蝓能夠制造葉綠素，即植物體內(nèi)可以從陽光中捕獲能量的綠色色素，并且可以把這種基因保存在體內(nèi)。17.四級真題長難句分析Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigmentinplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,andholdthesegeneswithintheirbody.【分析】本句主干是“Theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll…andholdthesegenes…”。thegreenpigmentinplants是chlorophyll的同位語，thatcapturesenergyfromsunlight是限制性定語從句，修飾thegreenpigment；withintheirbody是地點狀語?！咀g文】海蛞蝓能夠制造葉綠素，即植物體內(nèi)可以從陽光中捕獲能量的綠色色素，并且可以把這種基因保存在體內(nèi)。18.四級真題長難句分析Theloweroxygenpressurefoundinanaircraftcabinisequivalenttothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude.【分析】本句主干是“Theloweroxygenpressure…isequivalenttothatat6,000-8,000feetofaltitude”。foundinanaircraftcabin是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾oxygenpressure，that指代oxygenpressure。【譯文】飛機機艙內(nèi)更低的氧氣壓相當于海拔6,000至8,000英尺的氣壓。19.四級真題長難句分析Unlessyou’resittingnexttosomeonewhoiscoughingorsneezing,youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick.【分析】本句主干是“…youshouldn’tworrytoomuchaboutgettingsick”。句首Unless引導的是條件狀語從句，who引導的限制性定語從句修飾someone?！咀g文】除非你坐在咳嗽或打噴嚏的人旁邊，否則你不用太擔心會生病。20.四級真題長難句分析

“What’shappenedisthatourfocusoncreatingthatqualityoflifefirsthasenabledtheresidentstolivehere