中醫(yī)文化簡介課件

cycindy版權(quán)下載可改cycindy版權(quán)1TodayIt’stimetoknowmoreAboutitToday2TheoreticalSystemTheoreticalSystem3YinAndYangthelawofnature

YinAndYang4Everythingintheuniversecontainsyinandyang

dynamicbrighthotfunctionaletc...staticdarkcoldsubstantialetc…YinYangEverythingintheuniversecon5TheFiveElementTheorynatural

philosophyinancientChinaTheFiveElementTheory6generationgenerationgenerationgenerationgenerationrestrictionrestrictionrestrictionTherelationshipsofgeneration,restrictionrestrictionrestrictiongenerationgenerationgenerati7Basicsubstancestoconstitutetheuniversethenatureofgrowingfreelythenatureofflaringupthenatureofgivingbirthtoallthingsthenatureofpurifyinganddescendingthenatureofmoisteninglivereyeeastheartlinguasouthspleenmouthmiddlelungnosewestkidney

earnorthBasicsubstancestoconstitute8

七情指的是人的精神活動。中醫(yī)把它們歸為七類：喜、怒、哀、思、悲、驚、恐。在正常情況下，它們是人體對環(huán)境刺激的不同反應，屬于正常的生理活動，不會致病。當突然、強烈、持久的精神刺激超出了人體的適應力和忍受力，情感刺激就會成為致病因素，引起氣、血和臟腑的功能失調(diào)和陰陽失衡，從而導致疾病。這就是“內(nèi)傷七情”。

中醫(yī)云：“怒傷肝；喜傷心；憂傷肺；思傷脾；驚恐傷腎”。異常情緒主要影響內(nèi)臟氣的活動，導致氣的升降失常。

具體的說“怒則氣上；喜則氣緩；悲則氣消；恐則氣下；驚則氣亂；思則氣結(jié)”。七情指的是人的精神活動。中醫(yī)把它們歸為七類：喜、怒9TheFourDiagnosticMethodsTheFourDiagnosticMethods10InspectionInspection11

察色是觀察面部的顏色和光澤的一種診斷方法。中醫(yī)將面色分為青、黃、紅、白、黑，也稱為“五色”，面色的改變可以提示疾病的性質(zhì)和部位。總的來說，色紅提示熱證；色白提示寒證和虛證；黃色提示虛證和濕證；青色提示痛證、寒證、血瘀和痙證；黑色提示腎虛、血瘀和水液停滯。望還包括對體質(zhì)的觀察。觀察體質(zhì)的強弱、肥瘦和動靜姿勢可以發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的疾病。望舌是中醫(yī)獨特的診斷步驟。通常用觀察舌質(zhì)和舌苔的改變來確定正氣的盛衰和疾病的部位，區(qū)分病邪的性質(zhì)，推斷疾病的嚴重程度。

Theobservationofcomplexionisadiagnosticmethodforinspectingthecolourandlustreoftheface.TCMdividesthefacialcoloursintoblue,yellow,red,paleandblack,alsoknownasthe"fivecolours",whosechangesmayindicatesthenatureandthelocationofadisease.Generallyspeaking,redcomplexionindicatesheatsyndromes;whitecomplexionindicatescoldanddeficiencysyndrome;yellowcomplexiondeficiencyanddampnesssyndromes;bluecomplexionsuggestspainandcoldsyndrome,bloodstasisandconvulsion;andblackcomplexionhintsdeficiencyofthekidney,bloodstasisandfluidretention.Inspectionalsoincludesobservationofthephysicalbuild.Bytheobservationofsturdiness,weakness,obesityoremaciationaswellasthepostureofthemovementandstillness,differentkindsofdiseasesmayhefoundout.And,inparticular,theobservationofthetongueisauniqueprocedureinTCMdiagnosis.Itisusedtoobservethechangesofthetongueproperandthetonguecoatingsoastodeterminetheabundanceordeclineofvitalqi,tellthelocationofadisease,distinguishthenatureofpathogenicfactorsandinferthedegreeofseriousnessofadisease.察色是觀察面部的顏色和光澤的一種診斷方法。中醫(yī)將12AuscultationandOlfactionAuscultationandOlfaction13另外一種診斷方法是聽和嗅。聽意味著聽病人的聲音、言語、呼吸、咳嗽和呻吟。通過聽，醫(yī)生不僅可以了解發(fā)音器官的變化，還可以推斷內(nèi)臟器官的病理改變。嗅指的濕聞病人分泌物和排泄物的氣味。擴展來說，臭氣通常提示實熱證；惡臭提示虛寒證；腐味和酸味暗示食滯。

Anotherdiagnosticmethodisauscultationandolfaction.Auscultationmeanslisteningtothepatient'svoice,speaking,respiration,coughingandmoaning.Byauscultation,thedoctorcannotonlylearnaboutthechangesofthephonatoryorgan,butalsoinferthepathologicalchangesoftheinternalorgans.Whileolfactionmeanssmellingthepatient'sodorofthesecretionandexcretion.Byandlarge,stenchodorusuallyindicatesheatsyndromesofexcess;stinking（爛醉）odorsuggestscoldsyndromesofdeficiency;andfoulandsourodorimpliesretentionoffood.另外一種診斷方法是聽和嗅。聽意味著聽病人的聲音、言語、呼吸、14Inquiry

Inquiry

15這是一種向病人及其同伴詢問和收集有關(guān)疾病信息的一種診斷方法。醫(yī)生還應通過詢問了解疾病的發(fā)生、過程、診斷和治療。以下是現(xiàn)病史的詢問列表：A.問寒熱B.問汗

C.問飲食

D.問二便

E.問痛

F.問睡眠Thisisadiagnosticmethodinwhichthepatientorhiscompanionareinquiredtocollecttheinformationconcerningadisease.Hereisanoutlineofinquiringaboutthepresentillness:

A.AskingaboutChillsandFeverB.AskingaboutPerspirationC.AskingaboutDietandAppetiteD.AskingaboutDefecationandUrinationE.QuestioningaboutPainF.QuestioningahoutSleep這是一種向病人及其同伴詢問和收集有關(guān)疾病信息的一種診斷方法。16Pulse-takingandPalpationPulse-takingandPalpation17這是第四種診斷方法，包括切脈和按壓身體的其它部位。前者是通過醫(yī)生的指尖感覺患者橈側(cè)腕部動脈以判斷脈的狀況的一個診斷步驟，從而了解和推斷疾病的狀況。后者也是醫(yī)生通過觸摸、感覺、推和按身體的一定部位，檢查局部異常改變的一個步驟，因此，可以確定疾病的部位和性質(zhì)。Itisthefourthdiagnosticmethnd,including

pulse-takingand,ontheother,palpationofdifferentpartsofthebody.Theformerisadiagnosticprocedurebywhichthephysicianmayfeelthepatient'sradialarterieswiththefinger-tipstojudgepulsecondition,thuslearningandinferringtheconditionofillness.Thelatterisalsoaprocedurebywhichthephysicianmaytouch,feel,pushandpresscertainpartsofthebodytodetectlocalabnormalchanges,therebydeterminingthelocationandnatureofthedisease.這是第四種診斷方法，包括切脈和按壓身體的其它部位。前者是通過18MedicalClassicMedicalClassic19MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》

HanDynasty

WesternJinDynasty

《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》

《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》

MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》202000多年前出現(xiàn)的《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是中國現(xiàn)存的最早醫(yī)著。該書對人和自然的關(guān)系、人體的生理及病理、疾病的預防和診治等方面進行了系統(tǒng)全面的說明。同時它運用陰陽和五行理論全面闡述了因時、因地、因人而異辯證論治的原則并且表達了整體觀念的思想即把人體看作一個整體，把人與其周圍的環(huán)境看作一個整體。這為中醫(yī)理論的形成奠定了初步的基礎。Morethan2,000yearsago,cameoutHuangdi'sClassiconMedicine(HuangDiNeijing),whichistheearliestmedicalclassicextantinChina.Thebookgivesacompleteandsystematicexpositiontothefollowingvarioussubjects:therelationshipbetweenmanandnature,thephysiologyandpathologyofthehumanbody,andthediagnosis,treatmentandpreventionotdiseases.Italsousesthetheoriesofyin-yangandthefiveelementstodealfullywiththeprinciplesoftreatmentbydifferentiationofsyndromes(TDS)accordingtotheclimaticandseasonalconditions,geographicallocalitiesandindividualconstitution.Hence（givingexpression）totheholisticconceptoftakingthehumanbodyasanorganicwholeandtakingthehumanbodywiththesurroundingenvironmentastheintegrity.ItlaidapreliminaryfoundationforthetheoreticalformationofTCM.2000多年前出現(xiàn)的《黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)》是中國現(xiàn)存的最早醫(yī)著。該書對21MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》

HanDynasty

WesternJinDynasty

《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》

《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》

MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》22漢朝（公元前3世紀）的張仲景是一位著名的醫(yī)家，著有《傷寒雜病論》。該書被后人分為兩部分，名為《傷寒論》和《金匱要略》。該書建立了辯證論治的原則及技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)，因此，為臨床醫(yī)學的發(fā)展奠定了基礎。IntheHanDynasty(3rdcenturyAD),ZhangZhongjing,anoutstandingphysician,wroteTreatiseonFebrileandMiscellaneousDiseases(ShangHanZaBingLun),whichisdividedintotwobooksbylatergenerations,oneisentitled"TreatiseonFebrileDiseases",(ShangHanLun),theotherSynopsisofPrescriptionsofGoldenCabinet(JinKuiYaoLue).ThebookestablishedthepnricipleofTDS（TreatmentofDifferentiationSyndromes；TechnicalDataSystem技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)系統(tǒng)）,therebylayingafoundationforthedevelopmentofclinicalmedicine.漢朝（公元前3世紀）的張仲景是一位著名的醫(yī)家，著有《傷寒雜病23MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》

HanDynasty

WesternJinDynasty

《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》

《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》

MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》24西金時期的著名醫(yī)家皇浦謐編輯的《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》由12卷128章組成，包括349個穴位。它是現(xiàn)存最早的針灸學專著，也是針灸史上最具影響力的著作之一。IntheWesternJinDynasty.HuangFumi,afamousphysician,compiledA-BClassicofAcupunctureandMoxibustion(ZhenJiuJiaYiJing)Thebookconsistsof12volumeswith128chapters,including349acupoints.Itistheearliestextantworkdealingexclusivelywithacupunctureandmoxibustionandoneofthemostinfluentialworksinthehistoryofacupunctureandmoxibustion.西金時期的著名醫(yī)家皇浦謐編輯的《針灸甲乙經(jīng)》由12卷128章25MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》

HanDynasty

WesternJinDynasty

《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》

《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》

MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》26孫思邈（公元前581－682年）傾其一生精力撰寫了兩部著作，分別是《備急千金藥方》和《千金翼方》.書中涉及了醫(yī)理總論、中藥、婦產(chǎn)科、兒科、針灸、方藥飲食及養(yǎng)生等醫(yī)學的不同分支。兩本著作都是唐代醫(yī)學的代表作。孫思邈因此被后世譽為“方藥之祖”。SunSimiao(581-682AD)devotedallhislifetowritingoutthetwobooks:ValuablePrescriptionsforEmergencies(BeiJiQianJinYaoFang)andSupplementtoValuablePrescriptions(QianJinYiFang).Thehooksdealwithgeneralmedicaltheory,materiamedica,gynecologyandobstetrics,pediatrics,acupunctureandmoxibustion,diet,healthpreservationandprescriptionsforvariousbranchesofmedicine.BothbooksarerecognizedasrepresentativeworksofmedicineintheTangDynasty.SunSimiaowashonoredby

latergenerationsas"thekingofherbalmedicine".孫思邈（公元前581－682年）傾其一生精力撰寫了兩部著作，27MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》581-682AD《BeiJiQianJinYaoFang》

HanDynasty

WesternJinDynasty

《ZhenJiuJiaYiJing》

《ShangHanLun》2,000yearsago《HuangDiNeijing》

MingDynasty《BenCaoGangMu》28LiShizhen(1518-1593AD),afamousphysicianandpharmacologistintheMingDynasty,wroteTheCompendiumofMateriaMedica(BenCaoGangMu).Thebookconsistsof52volumeswith1,892medicinalherbs,includingover10,000prescript