2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案

2023年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南交通大學(xué)歷年高頻考題黑鉆摘選版附帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.綜合題(共20題)1.單選題Thecomputerrevolutionmaywellchangesocietyas（）asdidtheIndustrialRevolution.問題1選項(xiàng)A.certainlyB.insignificantlyC.fundamentallyD.comparatively2.單選題Iamafraidtosleep.Ihavebeenafraidtosleepforthelastfewweeks.Iamsotiredthat,finally,Idosleep,butonlyforafewminutes.Itisnotabaddreamthatwakesme;itistherealityItookwithmeintosleep.1trytothinkofsomethingelse.Immediatelythewomaninthemarketplacecomesintomymind.IwasonmywaytodinnerlastnightwhenIsawher.Shewassellingskirts.ShemovedwiththesameeaseandlovelinessIoftensawinthewomenofLaos.Herlongblackhairwasasshinyastheblacksilkoftheskirtsshewasselling.Inherhair,sheworethreesilkribbons,blue,green,andwhite.TheyremindedmeofmychildhoodandhowmygirlfriendsandIusedtospendhoursbraidingribbonsintoourhair.Idon’tknowthewordfor“ribbons”，soIputmyhandtomyownhairand,withthreefingersagainstmyhead.Ilookedatherribbonsandsaid“beautiful”.Sheloweredhereyesandsaidnothing.Iwasn’tsureifsheunderstoodme(Idon’tspeakLaotianverywell).Ilookedbackdownattheskirts.Theyhaddesignsinthem:squaresandtrianglesandcirclesofpinkandgreensilk.Theywereverypretty.Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia.InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness.Shesmiled,morewithhereyesthanwithherlips.ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining.Weshookourheadsindisagreementovertheprice;then,immediately,wemadeanotherofferandthenanothershakeofthehead.Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade.Butitwastoosoon.Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase.Shesmiledopenlythen,and,forthefirsttimeinmonths,myspiritlifted.Ialmostfelthappy.Thefeelingstayedwithmewhileshewrappedtheskirtsinanewspaperandhandedthemtome.WhenIleft,though,thefeelingleft.too.Itwasasthoughitstayedbehindinmarketplace.Ilefttearsinmythroat,Iwantedtocry.Ididn’tofcourse.Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy.Igetup,lightacandleandwanttolookattheskirts.Theyarestillinthenewspaperthatthewomanwrappedthemin.IremovethepaperandraisetheskirtsuptolookatthemagainbeforeIpackthem.Somethingfallstofloor.Ireachdownandfeelsomethingcoolinmyhand.ImoveclosetothecradlelighttoseewhatIhave.Therearefivelongsilkribbonsinmyhand,alldifferentcolors.Thewomaninthemarketplace!Shehasgiventheseribbonstome!Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry.andveryhard,asifIcouldmakeupforallthemonthsthatIdidn'tcry.1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrect?2.Thewriterassumedthatthewomanacceptedthelastoffermainlybecausethewoman（）.3.Whydidthewriterfinallydecidetobuythreeskirts?4.Whendidthewriterleftthemarketplace,shewantedtocry,butdidnotbecause（）.5.Whydidthewritercryeventuallywhenshelookedattheskirtsagain?問題1選項(xiàng)A.Thewriterwasnotusedtobargaining.B.PeopleinAsiaalwaysbargainwhenbuyingthings.C.BargaininginLaoswasquietandpeaceful.D.Thewriterwasreadytobargainwiththewoman.問題2選項(xiàng)A.thoughtthatthelastofferwasreasonableB.thoughtshecouldstillmakemuchmoneyC.wasgladthatthewriterknewtheirwayofbargainingD.wastiredofbargainingwiththewriteranymore問題3選項(xiàng)A.Theskirtswerecheapandpretty.B.Shelikedthepatternsontheskirts.C.Shewantedtodosomethingascompensation.D.Shewasfedupwithfurtherbargainingwiththewoman.問題4選項(xiàng)A.shehadlearnedtostaycoolandunfeelingB.shewasafraidofcryinginpublicC.shehadlearnedtofacedifficultiesbravelyD.shehadtoshowinpublicthatshewasstrong.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Shesuddenlyfeltverysad.B.Shelikedtheribbonssomuch.C.Shewasovercomebyemotion.D.Shefeltsorryforthewoman.3.單選題Theapparentpurposeofallowingthegovernmenttoinvestthetrustfundistotakeadvantageofthehigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarkets.Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive.HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments.Itshowedthatgovernmentsgenerallypursuedoneoftwopoliciesfortheirinvestments,bothfundamentallyflawed.Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks.Therearetworeasonsforthispolicy.First,thereisacautionarysearchforsafeinvestmentsbecausegovernmentsfearthepoliticalreactionifamoreaggressiveinvestmentpolicyweretoleadtoadverseresults.Second,buyingupgovernmentdebtallowthegovernmenttodefertheconsequencesofitsownoverspending.Indeed,thereisevidencethatthepowertoshiftgovernmentdebtintopensionfundsactuallymayinducethemtospendandborrowmore.Borrowingfromthepensionfundislesstransparentthandoingsofromtheopencapitalmarket.Inmanycases,suchborrowingisnotevenreportedaspublicdebt,andtheinterestratemaybelower.ThisalreadyisoccurringwiththeSocialSecuritytrustfund.ThecurrentsurplusisusedtopurchaseFederalTreasuryobligationsthatarecreditedtotheSocialSecuritytrustfund.Thegovernmentthenutilizesthemoneyithasborrowedfromthetrustfundtomeetcurrentoperatingexpenses.Theotherinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsistoinvestingovernment-supportedprojects,suchasstate-ownedenterprisesorpublichousing.Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn.Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney.Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself.1.Accordingtotheauthor,governmentinvestmentoftheSocialSecuritytrustfund（）.2.A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestments（）.3.Fromthelastparagraph,weknowthat（）.4.Whattonedidtheauthoradoptinthispassage?5.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?問題1選項(xiàng)A.willresultinhigherreturnsfromprivatecapitalmarketsB.canhaveanegativeeffectontheefficiencyofthemarketsC.willgiveanimpetustoeconomicdevelopmentD.canpromoteproductivityofcapital問題2選項(xiàng)A.mettheexpectationofthehigherannualreturnsB.excludedthepossibilityofamoreaggressiveinvestmentC.failedtomeetwiththegovernment’santicipationD.failedtoreflectthetruestateofeconomy問題3選項(xiàng)A.investmentsingovernment-supportedprojectsoftenearnhighannualreturnsB.greatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomycouldimpedeeconomicgrowthC.businessinvestmentsinpublichousingfrequentlylosemoneyD.theinvestmentpolicypursuedbygovernment-controlledpensionfundsisfundamentallyprofitable問題4選項(xiàng)A.SatireB.ExposureC.AttackD.Criticism問題5選項(xiàng)A.GovernmentpoliciesfuelthegovernmentinvestmentintheeconomyandkeepitontherighttrackB.Governmentinvolvementintheeconomywillultimatelysloweconomicgrowth.C.Governmentinvestmentingovernment-supportedprojectsisafallacyD.Governmentmightearnhigherreturnsifitinvestsinstocks4.單選題

Ifpromptmeasuresaretaken,wearesurethatilliteracyinthisregioncanbe（）innotime.問題1選項(xiàng)A.eliminatedB.abandonedC.diminishedD.withdrawn5.單選題Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.4.Driedfoods（）.5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtodayB.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndiansC.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyearsD.tendstobeunhygienic問題2選項(xiàng)A.cannotliveinsunlightB.arekilledbydryingC.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontentD.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying問題3選項(xiàng)A.onhorizontalcylindersB.inhot-airchambersC.inthesunandwindD.usingtheopentraymethod問題4選項(xiàng)A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozenB.areusedbysoldiersandclimbersC.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailableD.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts問題5選項(xiàng)A.arequicktoprepareB.tastebetterC.canbepreservedbyboilinginwaterD.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked6.單選題Youdon'thavetoinstallthisradioinyournewcar,it'san（）extra.問題1選項(xiàng)A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary7.單選題Therewasoncean（）ideathattheearthwasflatandmotionless.問題1選項(xiàng)A.absurdB.intrinsicC.eternalD.offensive8.單選題Thesecurityguard（）twomenwhowereyellinginthecourtroom.問題1選項(xiàng)A.dispelledB.propelledC.repelledD.expelled9.單選題Smugglingisa（）activitywhichmightbringdestructiontooureconomy;therefore,itmustbebanned.問題1選項(xiàng)A.pertinentB.fruitfulC.detrimentalD.casual10.單選題

InBritainpeople（）fourmilliontonsofpotatoeseveryyear.問題1選項(xiàng)A.swallowB.disposeC.consumeD.exhaust11.單選題Youmustinsistthatstudentsgiveatruthfulanswer（）withtherealityoftheirworld.問題1選項(xiàng)A.relevantB.simultaneousC.consistentD.practical12.單選題Thegirl（）thedolltoherbosomwhichnowwasheronlypossessionintheworld.問題1選項(xiàng)A.grabbedB.graspedC.snatchedD.clutched13.單選題Didyounoticethe（）onthedoctor'sfacewhenheardthatKinohadfoundthepearloftheworld?問題1選項(xiàng)A.appearanceB.expressionC.descriptionD.look14.單選題Americansloveajuicystory.Wewantintimatedetails,andthemediaishappytocomply,butweforgetthatpeople’slivesareatstake.Acrimeisnotaformofentertainmentfromwhichtoderiveperversepleasure.Itisthefailureofapersontoliveuptohisorherobligationsasalaw-abidingcitizen,andtilemediashouldreportitassuch.Recently,severalmajorcrimeshavebeensensationalized.Asfarasthemediaisconcerned,themoregruesomethecrime,thebetter.TaketheMenedezbrothers’caseorthetrialofthepolicemenwhobeatRodneyKing.Ifafamouspersonisaccused,membersofthepressappeartosmacktheirlipsandwritingtheirhandsinanticipation.Insertsexorrace,asintheO.J.Simpsonmurdertrial,andthejournalists’oddestdreamscometrue.Butsuchexploitationisnotharmlessentertainment.IttearsatthecoreoftheAmericanJudicialsystemafairtrialbyanimpartialjury.Ajurorissupposedtobeobjectiveandhasnopreconceivedopinionabouttheguiltorinnocenceoftheaccused:however,themedia’sbombardingthepublicwithinformationaboutacrimetrueorotherwisemakesfindingtwelvepeoplewhohavenoopinionaboutitnearlyimpossible.IntheMenendezcase,forexample,twobrotherswereaccusedofmurderingtheirparents.Initially,thiscasereceivedmediaattentionbecausethevictims’childrenwereaccusedofthemurders;however,whenthebrothersclaimedtheykilledtheirparentsbecausetheyhadbeenmolestedbythem,thepressreallywentwild.Formonthsbeforethetrial,everypaperandnewsprogramcontainedsomethingaboutthecrime.Onlythenwasthejuryselected.Thus,eventhoughnoproofwaseverfoundtosupportthebrothersallegationsofmolestation,theirtrialsendedinhungjuries.TheRodneyKingincidentgainednationalattentionwhenavideotapeoftheraciallymotivatedbeatingwasshownontelevision.Inthebeginning,thefactsabouttheincidentwerereported,butastimewentoninformationonRodneyKing’spersonallifewaspublicized,Mr.Kingwasportrayedasasleazyex-convictfromtheghettowhodeservedwhathappenedtohimbecausehehadresistedarrest.Inreality,RodneyKingwasthevictiminthiscrime,andhispersonallifehadnothadtodowithhisbeingsoseverelybeaten.However,thepresschosetomakehispersonallifeanissue.Asresult,attheendofthefirsttrial,thepoliceofficers,whohadbeencaughtonvideotapekickingandpunchingMr.Kingandagainstwhomafellowpoliceofficerhadtestified,weresetfree.Today,thebigstoryistheO.J.Simpsonmurdertrial,whichhasbeensplashedacrossnewspapersandtelevisionsallovertheworld.Themediahasmadeitnearlyimpossibletoselectanimpartialjurybecauseofitslackofresponsibilityinreportingthecase.Forexample,earlyintheinvestigation,thepressreportedthatasocksoakedwithNicoleSimpson’sbloodhadbeenfoundinO.J.’sbedroom.Thejudge,defense,andprosecutionalldeniedthatanysuchevidenceexisted.Atfirst,themediastoodbythestory.Twodayslater,theyretracteditbutwithoutthefanfarethathadaccompaniedthefirstreport.1.Ifapublicfigureisaccused,whatwouldhappen?2.Thesentence“people’slivesareatstake”(paragraph1)mightmean（）.3.TheRodneyKingexampleisusedtoshowthat（）.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.5.Theauthor’stoneinwritingthisarticleis（）.問題1選項(xiàng)A.Themediawouldsidewithhimorher.B.Thepresswouldtrytoinfluencethejury'sjudgment.C.Journalistswouldbeoverjoyedtohavesomethingtobuildtheirstorieson.D.Sexandracewouldbeinsertedinthenewspaperreport.問題2選項(xiàng)A.people’slivesareinvolvedB.people’sliveswillbegreatlyaffectedC.peoplewillhavetostaketheirownlivesD.people’sliveswillberisked問題3選項(xiàng)A.one'spastwillsoonerorlatercatchupwithhimB.racialprejudiceisstilldeeplyrootedinpeople’smindC.publicopinionmaybeeasilyaffectedbybiasedreportD.theaccusedhasnoprivacyatall問題4選項(xiàng)A.thepressmighthaveimpliedthatO.J.SimpsoncommittedmurderB.themediawasforcedtosilenceintheSimpsonmurdertrialC.thejudgedefenseandprosecutionhavetakenbribeD.thepresswasafraidofbeingaccusedofslander問題5選項(xiàng)A.informativeB.criticalC.retrospectiveD.affirmative15.單選題Theoldbuildingsblendwiththenewonesinperfect（）,soawalkalongZhongshanRoadisanenjoyablediscovery.問題1選項(xiàng)A.harmonyB.orderC.controlD.action16.單選題Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey（）radiationbetter.問題1選項(xiàng)A.standinwithB.standinforC.standupforD.standupto17.單選題“Oh,I’mtoosleepytostudy.”“Well,ifyou（）thatlatemovielastnight,youwouldn'thavebeensosleepy.”問題1選項(xiàng)A.didn’twatchB.haven’twatchedC.haven’twatchedD.hadn’twatched18.單選題Folkloreisthebranchofthestudyofman(anthropology)whichdealswithlocalcustoms,talesandtraditions—forthesethingscanbescientificallystudiedjustlikeanythingelse.Everybodyisastore-houseoffolklore,thoughnoteverybodyrealizesit.Often,indeed,thepeoplewithleastbookeducationcommonlycherishmostfirmlyoldideasandsuperstitionswhichhavebeenpassedonbywordofmouthforgenerations,anditistheywhocarryonfaithfullythecustomsoftheirparentsandgrandparents.Everyonehasheardstoriesofghosts,witches,fairies,andgiants.Weallknowsomeproverbsandhavecomeacrosssuchideasas,forexample,thatitisluckytoseeablackcatandunluckytoseeasinglemagpie.Wekeepcertainseasonsoftheyearasfestivals,suchasChristmas,andwearefamiliarwiththespecialcustomsconnectedwithweddingsandfunerals.ItwouldbehardtofindanybodywhohadnotplayedgamessuchasBlindMan’sBuff.Allsuchthingsareofinteresttothosewhostudyfolklore.Peoplewhoarestudyingfolkloreputoutoftheirmindstheinclinationtocriticizeassilly,childish,orold-fashioned,theoldbeliefsandpracticestheycomeacross.Theyfirstofalltrytocollectaccuraterecordsofthem,thenseehowtheseareconnectedwithotherideasandcustomsofotherplacesortimes.Bycomparisonwithwhatisknownofoldtimesorthefolkloreofothercountries,theyendeavortodiscoverhowcertainbeliefsandpracticescameintobeing,andwhatpurposetheyservenoworusedtoserveinthepast.Oftenwefindthatthebeliefswhichseemmostpeculiarandunreasonable,andthecustomswhichappearleastpractical,areofthegreatestinterestandimportancebecausetheyarecommonlytheoldest.Sometimestheywerepartofanancientritualorservedausefulpurposewhenpeople’swayoflifewasdifferentfromwhatitisnow.Sowenotonlylearnaboutwhatpeoplethoughtanddidinthepastbutarebetterabletounderstandpresentcustoms.Peopleoftenkeepupcustomswhentheyhaveforgottentheoriginalreasonforthem,andinthecourseoftimeafreshreasongetsattachedtothecustom.Thus,whensomejokertiesanoldshoetothebackofthetaxitakingthebrideandbridegroomtostationfortheirhoneymoon,hewouldsayitwas"forluck,"butactuallyashoeisanoldfertilitysymbolandhasaplaceintheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestine.1.Whichofthefollowingaccordingtothewriter,canbemostusefultopeoplewhostudyfolklore?2.Howdopeopleusuallypassonoldideasandsuperstitions?3.Whichofthefollowingartpeoplewhostudyfolkloremostunlikelytodo?4.Whichofthefollowingisthereasonwhypeoplestudyfolklore?5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutcustoms?問題1選項(xiàng)A.AnoldfarmerwhosefamilyhasbeenlivinginthecountryforgenerationsB.Aprofessorofmedicineatauniversity.C.Acarpenterwhohasbeeninthetradeforyears.D.Alittlegirlwhohasjuststartedtogotoschool.問題2選項(xiàng)A.Bypuffingtheminalargestore-houseB.BywritingthemdowninbooksC.BywordofmouthD.Byplayinggames問題3選項(xiàng)A.Collectingrecordsofoldbeliefsandpractices.B.Comparingthepresentcustomswiththoseofoldtimes.C.Findingoutthepurposecertainbeliefsandpracticesserveorusedtoserve.D.Criticizingtheoldbeliefsandsuperstitions.問題4選項(xiàng)A.Becauseitisascience.B.Becausetheywanttobetterunderstandpresentcustoms.C.Becausetheywanttofurtherdeveloptheoldbeliefsandcustoms.D.Becausetheywanttoshowhowold-fashionedandsillytheoldbeliefsandpracticesare.問題5選項(xiàng)A.Thecustomswhichappearunpracticalareworthlesstopeoplewhostudyfolklore.B.Thereasonsforcertaincustomsmaychangeinthecourseofhistory.C.Presentcustomshavenothingtodowiththoseofoldtimes.D.TheweddingcustomsofChinaandPalestineareverysimilar.19.單選題Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（）byacomputer.問題1選項(xiàng)A.gradedB.managedC.conductedD.monitored20.單選題

Inthe（）oftheprojectnotbeingasuccess,theinvestorsstandtoloseupto$30million.問題1選項(xiàng)A.faceB.timeC.courseD.event第1卷參考答案一.綜合題1.【答案】C【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)certainly“當(dāng)然；必定”；B選項(xiàng)insignificantly“無(wú)關(guān)緊要地”；C選項(xiàng)fundamentally“根本地，從根本上；基礎(chǔ)地”；D選項(xiàng)comparatively“比較地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍?。句意：?jì)算機(jī)革命可能會(huì)像工業(yè)革命一樣從根本上改變我們的社會(huì)。因此C符合句意。2.【答案】第1題:A第2題:C第3題:C第4題:A第5題:C【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:作者不習(xí)慣討價(jià)還價(jià)。B:亞洲人買東西總是講價(jià)。C:在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是安靜而和平的。D:作家準(zhǔn)備和那個(gè)女人討價(jià)還價(jià)。第五段指出:Idecidedtobuyoneofthoseskirts,andIbegantobargainwithherovertheprice.ItisthecustomtobargaininAsia(我決定買一條那樣的裙子，我開始和她討價(jià)還價(jià)。在亞洲，討價(jià)還價(jià)是一種習(xí)俗)。由此得知，B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)正確。第五段還指出:InLaosbargainingisdoneinsoftvoicesandeasymoveswiththesortofquietpeacefulness(在老撾，討價(jià)還價(jià)是以較低的聲音，和一種輕松平靜的方式進(jìn)行的)。因此C項(xiàng)正確。只有A項(xiàng)在原文中找不到線索，故選A。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:ShewaspleasedbythefewwordsIwasabletosayinherlanguage,althoughtheyweremostlynumbers,andshesawthatIunderstoodsomethingaboutthesoftplayfulnessofbargaining(對(duì)于我能夠說一些她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言她感到非常高興，雖然我說的大部分都是一些數(shù)字，但是在她看來我是非常清楚這種輕松愉悅的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式的)。由此可知這位姑娘因作者能夠說她們國(guó)家的語(yǔ)言和懂得相關(guān)的討價(jià)還價(jià)的方式而感到高興。后面接著寫到:Shewassopleasedthatunexpectedly,sheacceptedthelastofferImade(她感到非常開心，以至于讓我感到意外的是，她竟然接受了我最后的出價(jià))。因此C項(xiàng)“感到高興，因?yàn)樽髡咧浪齻冇憙r(jià)還價(jià)的方法”正確。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第六段指出:Thepricewastoolow.Shewasbeingtoogenerousandwouldn'tmakeenoughmoney.Imovedquicklyandpickeduptwomoreskirtsandpaidforallthreetimesasmuchbeforeshehadachancetolowerthepriceforthelargerpurchase(這個(gè)價(jià)格實(shí)在是太低了。她太慷慨了，幾乎賺不到什么錢。擔(dān)心她因?yàn)槲屹I得多而再次降低價(jià)格，我迅速地再挑了兩條裙子，付錢，然后離開)。故選C項(xiàng)“她想做點(diǎn)什么作為補(bǔ)償”。第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第三段指出:Ihavelearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatishard;withoutknowingit,Ihavealsolearnedtodefendmyselfagainstwhatissoftandwhatshouldbeeasy(我學(xué)會(huì)了抗拒困難，不知不覺中，我也學(xué)會(huì)了不被溫柔輕松俘獲)。由此可見，作者沒哭是因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)學(xué)會(huì)讓情緒不輕易受到影響，故選A項(xiàng)“她已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了保持冷靜”。第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出:Thereisnodefenseagainstagenerousspirit,andthistimeIcry...(對(duì)于她的這種慷慨精神毫無(wú)防御，這次我哭了……)。因此作者最后還是哭了是因?yàn)楫?dāng)她再次打開包裝想看一下這些裙子時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)這位老撾姑娘送了自己五條長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的絲帶，因此C項(xiàng)“她沒有控制住自己的情緒”正確。3.【答案】第1題:B第2題:C第3題:B第4題:D第5題:A【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:HighcapitalmarketreturnsintheUSarederivedfromthehighproductivityofcapitalandtheefficiencyofthemarket.InvestmentoftheSocialsecuritytrustfundinprivatecapitalmarketswillhurtbothofthesesourcesofAmericaneconomicperformance;capitalwillbelessproductiveandmarketswillbelessefficient(美國(guó)資本市場(chǎng)的高回報(bào)源于資本的高生產(chǎn)率和市場(chǎng)的效率。社會(huì)保障信托基金對(duì)私人資本市場(chǎng)的投資將損害美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)的這兩個(gè)來源；資本的生產(chǎn)效率將降低，市場(chǎng)的效率也將降低)。因此，B項(xiàng)“對(duì)市場(chǎng)效率可能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響”正確。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干定位至第二段:A1994studybytheWorldBankofgovernment-managedpensionfundinvestmentsaroundtheworldfoundthattheygenerallyearnedlowerannualreturnsthanprivatelymanagedpensioninvestments(1994年，世界銀行在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與私人管理的養(yǎng)老基金投資相比，它們的年回報(bào)率普遍較低)。因此C項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到政府的預(yù)期目標(biāo)”正確。第3題:判斷推理題。最后一段最后一句指出:Moreover,governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowthandreducethereturnoncapitalforallinvestors,includingthegovernmentitself(此外，政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率)。由此可知B項(xiàng)“政府對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的更多參與可能會(huì)阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”正確。第4題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章開頭指出允許政府進(jìn)行信貸投資的目的是利用私人資本市場(chǎng)的高額投資回報(bào)。然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào)。并且在結(jié)尾部分進(jìn)一步指出了政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，進(jìn)而可能導(dǎo)致政策放緩經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，降低包括政府本身在內(nèi)的所有投資者的資本回報(bào)率?？梢钥闯鑫恼伦髡叩恼Z(yǔ)氣是在批評(píng)政府所采取的社會(huì)保障基金投資政策。故選D項(xiàng)。第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:政府政策推動(dòng)了政府投資，并讓經(jīng)濟(jì)走上正軌。B:政府在經(jīng)濟(jì)方面的投資最終減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。C:政府支持項(xiàng)目的投資是錯(cuò)誤的。D:如果政府投資股市，或許收益更大。第一段第二句指出:Thereisstrongevidence,though,thatthegovernment’sinvestmentpolicysubstantiallycouldundercutthereturnsitotherwisemightexpecttoreceive(然而有力的證據(jù)表明：政府的投資政策實(shí)質(zhì)上可能減少它原本預(yù)期獲得的投資回報(bào))。由此可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。最后一句指出:governmentinvestmentleadstogreatergovernmentinvolvementintheeconomythatcould,inturn,leadtopoliciesthatsloweconomicgrowth…(政府投資導(dǎo)致政府更多地干預(yù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，這有可能反過來導(dǎo)致相應(yīng)政策的制定，這種政策進(jìn)而會(huì)減慢經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng))。因此B項(xiàng)正確。第三段第一句指出:Onewastoinvestheavilyingovernmentsecurities,whichcansuchlowerreturnsthan,forexample,stocks(其中之一是對(duì)政府債券大力投資，其回報(bào)遠(yuǎn)低于對(duì)股市之類的投資)。因此D項(xiàng)正確。最后一段指出:Again,theresultoftenisextremelylowratesofreturn(這種投資的結(jié)果還是回報(bào)率很低)，以及:Infact,suchinvestmentsfrequentlylosemoney(事實(shí)上，這種投資經(jīng)常賠錢)。因此C項(xiàng)符合原文所述。故此題選A。4.【答案】A【解析】句意:如果迅速采取措施，我們相信該地區(qū)的文盲現(xiàn)象將很快消除?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式。eliminate消除;排除;abandon放棄;遺棄；diminish減少;縮??；withdraw撤退;收回。空格處的邏輯主語(yǔ)是illiteracy(文盲現(xiàn)象)，因此A正確。5.【答案】第1題:C第2題:D第3題:B第4題:B第5題:A【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前，人類就發(fā)現(xiàn)了可以通過除去食物中的水分來達(dá)到儲(chǔ)存的目的，并且最簡(jiǎn)單的除去水分的方法就是將食物暴露于陽(yáng)光和風(fēng)下面)，因此C項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)知道幾個(gè)世紀(jì)了”正確。第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，導(dǎo)致食物變質(zhì)的細(xì)菌的活動(dòng)將會(huì)受阻)。因此D項(xiàng)“它們的活性會(huì)因?yàn)楦稍锒蟠蠼档汀闭_。第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Th