2023年考研-考研英語(yǔ)二考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案

長(zhǎng)風(fēng)破浪會(huì)有時(shí)，直掛云帆濟(jì)滄海。2023年考研-考研英語(yǔ)二考試高頻考點(diǎn)參考題庫(kù)帶答案（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）答案解析附后第1卷一.單項(xiàng)選擇題(共15題)1.Formanypeopletoday,readingisnolongerrelaxation.Tokeepuptheirworktheymustreadletters,reports,tradepublications,interofficecommunications,nottomentionnewspapersandmagazines:anever-endingfloodofwords.In1ajoboradvancinginone,theabilitytoreadandcomprehend2canmeanthedifferencebetweensuccessandfailure.Yettheunfortunatefactisthatmostofusare3readers.Mostofusdeveloppoorreading4atanearlyage,andnevergetoverthem.Themaindeficiency5intheactualstuffoflanguageitself－words.Takenindividually,wordshave6meaninguntiltheyarestrungtogetherintophrases,sentencesandparagraphs.7,however,theuntrainedreaderdoesnotreadgroupsofwords.Helaboriouslyreadsonewordatatime,oftenregressingto8wordsorpassages.Regression,thetendencytolookbackover9youhavejustread,isacommonbadhabitinreading.Anotherhabitwhich10downthespeedofreadingisvocalization—soundingeachwordeitherorallyormentallyas11reads.Toovercomethesebadhabits,somereadingclinicsuseadevicecalledan12,whichmovesabar(orcurtain)downthepageatapredeterminedspeed.Thebarissetataslightlyfasterrate13thereaderfindscomfortable,inorderto“stretch”him.Theacceleratorforcesthereadertoreadfast,14word-by-wordreading,regressionandsubvocalization,practicallyimpossible.Atfirst15issacrificedforspeed.Butwhenyoulearntoreadideasandconcepts,youwillnotonlyreadfaster16yourcomprehensionwillimprove.Manypeoplehavefound17readingskilldrasticallyimprovedaftersometraining.18CharlieAu,abusinessmanager,forinstance,hisreadingratewasareasonablygood172wordsaminute19thetraining,nowitisanexcellent1,378wordsaminute.Heisdelightedthathowhecan20alotmorereadingmaterialinashortperiodoftime.______A.meaningB.comprehensionC.gistD.regression2.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.→←→1←→←,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit→2←.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing→3←onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof→4←thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto→5←mygoals.Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate→6←ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight→7←alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost→8←changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese→9←→←,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule→10←→←.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto→11←myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand→12←anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto→13←mytrainingprogram.Iusemybimonthlyweight-in→14←togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly→15←anddroppingweight,thisisa→16←thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The→17←tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa→18←morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,→19←I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Ratherthan→20←overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.第（6）題選A.depictionB.distributionC.predictionD.definition3.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Happypeopleworkdifferently.They'remoreproductive,morecreative,andwillingtotakegreaterrisks.Andnewresearchsuggeststhathappinessmightinfluence→1←firmswork,too.Companieslocatedinplacewithhappierpeopleinvestmore,accordingtoarecentresearchpaper.→←→2←→←,firmsinhappyplacesspendmoreonR&D(researchanddevelopment).That'sbecausehappinessislinkedtothekindoflonger-termthinking→3←formakinginvestmentforthefuture.Theresearcherswantedtoknowifthe→4←andinclinationforrisk-takingthatcomewithhappinesswould→5←thewaycompaniesinvested.SotheycomparedU.S.cities'averagehappiness→6←byGalluppollingwiththeinvestmentactivityofpubliclytradedfirmsinthoseareas.→7←enough,firms'investmentandR&Dintensitywerecorrelatedwiththehappinessoftheareainwhichtheywere→8←→←.Butisitreallyhappinessthat'slinkedtoinvestment,orcouldsomethingelseabouthappiercities→9←whyfirmstherespendmoreonR&D?Tofindout,theresearcherscontrolledforvarious→10←thatmightmakefirmsmorelikelytoinvest—likesize,industry,andsales—andforindicatorsthataplacewas→11←tolivein,likegrowthinwagesorpopulation.Thelinkbetweenhappinessandinvestmentgenerally→12←evenafteraccountingforthesethings.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthors→13←to"lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess"andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandless→14←managerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment."Therelationshipwas→15←strongerinplaceswherehappinesswasspreadmore→16←.Firmsseemtoinvestmoreinplaceswheremostpeoplearerelativelyhappy,ratherthaninplaceswithhappinessinequality.→17←thisdoesn'tprovethathappinesscausesfirmstoinvestmoreortotakealonger-termview,theauthorsbelieveitatleast→18←atthatpossibility.It'snothardtoimaginethatlocalcultureandsentimentwouldhelp→19←howexecutivesthinkaboutthefuture."Itsurelyseemsplausiblethathappypeoplewouldbemoreforward-thinkingandcreativeand→20←R&Dmorethantheaverage,"saidoneresearcher.第（1）題選______.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when4.Intherelationshipofeducationtobusinessweobservetodayafinestateofparadox.Ontheonehand,theemphasiswhichmostbusinessplacesuponacollegedegreeissogreatthatonecanalmostvisualizethetimewheneventheofficeboywillhavehisbaccalaureate.Ontheotherhand,weseemtopreservethebeliefthatsomedeepintellectualChasmseparatesthebusinessmanfromotherproductsoftheuniversitysystem.ThenotionthatbusinesspeoplearequitethePhilistinessoundsabsurd.Forsomereasons,wetendtocharacterizevocationsbystereotypes,nonetooflatteringbutnonethelessdeeplyimbeddedinthenationalconscience.Inthecastofcharactersthebusinessmancomesonstageasacrassanduncouthperson.Itisnotapleasantconceptionandnomoretruthfulorlessunpleasantthanourotherstereotypes.Businessismadeupofpeoplewithallkindsofbackgrounds,allkindsofmotivations,andallkindsoftastes,justasinanyotherformofhumanEndeavour.Businessmenarenotambulatory

balancesheetsandprofitstatements,butperfectlynormalhumanbeings,subjecttowhateverstrengths,frailties,andlimitationsthatcharacterizemanontheearth.Theyarepeoplegroupedtogetherinorganizationsdesignedtocomplementtheweaknessofonewithstrengthofanother,temperingtheexuberanceoftheyoungwiththecautionofthemoremature,thepoeticsoaring'sofonemindwiththecountinghouserealismofanother.Anydisfigurementwhichsocietymaysufferwillcomefrommanhimself,notfromtheparticularvocationtowhichhedevoteshistime.Anygroupofpeoplenecessarilyrepresentsanapproachtoacommondenominator,anditisprobablytruethatevenindividuallytheytendtoconformsomewhattothegeneralpattern.Manyhavepointedoutthedangerofengulfingouroriginalthinkersinatideofmediocrity.Conformityisnotanymoreprevalentoranymoreexactinginthebusinessfieldthanitisinanyother.Itisacharacteristicofallorganizationsofwhatevernature.Thefactisthelargebusinessunitprovidesgreateropportunitiesforindividualityandrequireslessinthewayofconformitythanotherinstitutionsofcomparablesize—thegovernmentservice,ortheacademicworld,orcertainlythemilitary.Theparadoxintherelationshipbetweeneducationandbusinessis______.A.businessmen

are

both

unmindful

of

history

and

sophisticated

in

itB.businessmen

show

both

contempt

and

respect

for

noble

activitiesC.there

are

both

highly

intellectual

and

uneducated

businessmenD.there

are

both

noticeable

similarities

and

differences

between

businessmen

and

intellectuals5.Intherelationshipofeducationtobusinessweobservetodayafinestateofparadox.Ontheonehand,theemphasiswhichmostbusinessplacesuponacollegedegreeissogreatthatonecanalmostvisualizethetimewheneventheofficeboywillhavehisbaccalaureate.Ontheotherhand,weseemtopreservethebeliefthatsomedeepintellectualChasmseparatesthebusinessmanfromotherproductsoftheuniversitysystem.ThenotionthatbusinesspeoplearequitethePhilistinessoundsabsurd.Forsomereasons,wetendtocharacterizevocationsbystereotypes,nonetooflatteringbutnonethelessdeeplyimbeddedinthenationalconscience.Inthecastofcharactersthebusinessmancomesonstageasacrassanduncouthperson.Itisnotapleasantconceptionandnomoretruthfulorlessunpleasantthanourotherstereotypes.Businessismadeupofpeoplewithallkindsofbackgrounds,allkindsofmotivations,andallkindsoftastes,justasinanyotherformofhumanEndeavour.Businessmenarenotambulatory

balancesheetsandprofitstatements,butperfectlynormalhumanbeings,subjecttowhateverstrengths,frailties,andlimitationsthatcharacterizemanontheearth.Theyarepeoplegroupedtogetherinorganizationsdesignedtocomplementtheweaknessofonewithstrengthofanother,temperingtheexuberanceoftheyoungwiththecautionofthemoremature,thepoeticsoaring'sofonemindwiththecountinghouserealismofanother.Anydisfigurementwhichsocietymaysufferwillcomefrommanhimself,notfromtheparticularvocationtowhichhedevoteshistime.Anygroupofpeoplenecessarilyrepresentsanapproachtoacommondenominator,anditisprobablytruethatevenindividuallytheytendtoconformsomewhattothegeneralpattern.Manyhavepointedoutthedangerofengulfingouroriginalthinkersinatideofmediocrity.Conformityisnotanymoreprevalentoranymoreexactinginthebusinessfieldthanitisinanyother.Itisacharacteristicofallorganizationsofwhatevernature.Thefactisthelargebusinessunitprovidesgreateropportunitiesforindividualityandrequireslessinthewayofconformitythanotherinstitutionsofcomparablesize—thegovernmentservice,ortheacademicworld,orcertainlythemilitary.Accordingtothepassage,thedistortionoftheimageofthebusinessmenistheresultof______.A.prevalent

egoism

among

businessmenB.the

fierce

social

competitionC.racial

discriminationD.sheer

misunderstanding

of

other

people6.根據(jù)下面資料，回答1-20題Weighingyourselfregularlyisawonderfulwaytostayawareofanysignificantweightfluctuations.→←→1←→←,whendonetoooften,thishabitcansometimeshurtmorethanit→2←.Asforme,weighingmyselfeverydaycausedmetoshiftmyfocusfrombeinggenerallyhealthyandphysicallyactivetofocusing→3←onthescale.Thatwasbadtomyoverallfitnessgoals.Ihadgainedweightintheformofmusclemass,butthinkingonlyof→4←thenumberonthescale,Ialteredmytrainingprogram.ThatconflictedwithhowIneededtotrainto→5←mygoals.Ialsofoundthatweighingmyselfdailydidnotprovideanaccurate→6←ofthehardworkandprogressIwasmakinginthegym.Ittakesaboutthreeweekstoamonthtonoticeanysignificantchangesinyourweight→7←alteringyourtrainingprogram.Themost→8←changeswillbeobservedinskilllevel,strengthandincheslost.Forthese→9←→←,Istoppedweighingmyselfeverydayandswitchedtoabimonthlyweighingschedule→10←→←.Sinceweightlossisnotmygoal,itislessimportantformeto→11←myweighteachweek.Weighingeveryotherweekallowsmetoobserveand→12←anysignificantweightchanges.ThattellsmewhetherIneedto→13←mytrainingprogram.Iusemybimonthlyweight-in→14←togetinformationaboutmynutritionaswell.Ifmytrainingintensityremainsthesame,butI'mconstantly→15←anddroppingweight,thisisa→16←thatIneedtoincreasemydailycaloricintake.The→17←tostopweighingmyselfeverydayhasdonewondersformyoverallhealth,fitnessandwell-being.I'mexperiencingincreasedzealforworkingoutsinceInolongercarrytheburdenofa→18←morningweigh-in.I'vealsoexperiencedgreatersuccessinachievingmyspecificfitnessgoals,→19←I'mtrainingaccordingtothosegoals,notthenumbersonascale.Ratherthan→20←overthescale,turnyourfocustohowyoulook,feel,howyourclothesfitandyouroverallenergylevel.第（9）題選A.judgmentsB.reasonsC.methodsD.claims7.根據(jù)下面資料，回答31-35題Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing—AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$13.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesn'thaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusers'friendshipsandsociallives.FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichTheresaMay'senemiesarecurrentlyplotting?ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofchangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdon'tpayforthem.Theusersoftheirservicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem—andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.Theproductthey'resellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodataforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheyproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammersoutofourinboxes.Itdoesn'tfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause_______.A.theyarenotdefinedascustomersB.theyarenotfinanciallyreliableC.theservicesaregenerallydigitalD.theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers8.Historiansofthewarcanbedividedintotwoschools.Thefirstconsidersthatitwastheunavoidableoutcomeofconflicting1betweenNorthernandSouthern2.Thesecondblamesit3politicalleadersfor4toavertanunnecessarywar.Analystsarealsodividedonwhethertheissueofslaverywasthe5causeofthewar,orasymptomofother,more6differences—especiallysectionalinterestsandthedoctrineofstates'rights—betweentheNorthandSouthwhichhadbeen7sincethe8oftheAmericanrepublic.Thefundamental9waseconomic.Intheearly1840stheNorthernstatesbegantheprocessof10,modernizingtheirsocietytomeetthedemandsofeconomicchange.In

11,thesloganofAbrahamLincoln's12party,“freelabor,freeland,freeman”encapsulatedtheideologyofvaluingthefreedomofindividualstograsptheopportunityforeconomicselfadvancementinabooming,expandingsociety.TheSouthernstatesremainedstubbornly13botheconomicallyandsocially.Itwasabackward-lookingwayoflifeoftallwhitemansionsongreat14dependentonalaborsystemwhichmadeslavesofapproximately4millionblackAmericans.Americawas15dividedbyeconomicstructure,andwasledintofratricidalwarfarebyaseriesofpoliticalclashes.ThemostcommoncausewasthefutureoftheWest.ThecrisesoverCalifornia'sadmissionin1850andoverKansas-Nebraskain1854were16ofthedivergenteconomicinterestsofNorthandSouthinrelationtotheWest.TheNorthwantedfreelandforindependentlaborinthesamenewterritorieswheretheSouth17toperpetuateitstraditionalwayoflifeby18slavery.Theissuewasnottheslaveryalreadypracticed,butthe19ofitsextension20theWest.______A.typicalB.classicalC.trueD.real9.SinceWorldWarII,considerableadvanceshavebeenmadeintheareaofhealth-careservices.Theseincludebetter1tohealthcare(particularlyforthepoorandminorities),improvementsinphysicalplants,andincreasednumbersofphysiciansandotherhealth2Allhaveplayedapartintherecentimprovementinlife3.Butthereismountingcriticismofthelarge4gapsinaccess,unrestrainedcostinflation,thefurtherfragmentationofservice,excessiveindulgencein5high-technology“gadgeteering,”anda6

indoctor-patientrelationships.Inrecentyearsproposedpanaceasandnewprograms,smallandlarge,haveproliferatedatafeverish7anddisappointments8atalmostthesamerate.Thishasledtoanincreased9－“everythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks”－whichsometimes10oncynicismorevennihilism.Thispessimism,inpart,11from,expectingtoomuch12healthcare.Itmustberealizedthatcareis,formostpeople,a13experience,often14byfearandunwelcomeresults.Althoughthereisvastroomforimprovement,healthcarewillalways15someunpleasantnessandfrustration.16,the17ofmedicalsciencearelimited.Humpty-Dumptycannotalwaysbe18togetheragain.Toomanyphysiciansarereluctanttoadmittheirlimitationstopatients;toomanypatientsandfamiliesareunwillingtoacceptsuchrealities.Norisittruethateverythinghasbeentriedandnothingworks.Thefactis,exceptformost19anddedicated,therewerenoincentivestoseekchangeortopracticeself-restraintorfrugality.Inthis20,itisnotfairtocondemnasallattemptedexperiments;itmaybemoreaccuratetosaymanyneverhadafairtrial.______A.environmentB.atmosphereC.surroundingD.situation10.Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense'toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'tknowquitehowwedoit.Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin______.A.the

use

of

machines

to

produce

science

fictionB.the

wide

use

of

machines

in

manufacturing

industryC.the

invention

of

tools

for

difficult

and

dangerous

workD.the

elite'

s

cunning

tackling

of

dangerous

and

boring

work11.Text2Forestsgiveusshade,quietandoneoftheharderchallengesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Evenaswehumanscountonforeststosoakupagoodshareofthecarbondioxideweproduce,wearethreateningtheirabilitytodoso.Theclimatechangewearehasteningcouldonedayleaveuswithforeststhatemitmorecarbonthantheyabsorb.Thankfully,thereisawayoutofthistrap—butitinvolvesstrikingasubtlebalance.Helpingforestsflourishasvaluable“carbonsinks”longintothefuturemayrequirereducingtheircapacitytoabsorbcarbonnow.Californiaisleadingtheway,asitdoesonsomanyclimateefforts,infiguringoutthedetails.Thestate'sproposedForestCarbonPlanaimstodoubleeffortstothinoutyoungtreesandclearbrushinpartsoftheforest.Thistemporarilylowerscarbon-carryingcapacity.Buttheremainingtreesdrawagreatershareoftheavailablemoisture,sotheygrowandthrive,restoringtheforest'scapacitytopullcarbonfromtheair.Healthytreesarealsobetterabletofendoffinsects.Thelandscapeisrenderedlesseasilyburnable.Evenintheeventofafire,fewertreesareconsumed.Theneedforsuchplanningisincreasinglyurgent.Already,since2010,droughtandinsectshavekilledover100milliontreesinCalifornia,mostofthemin2016alone,andwildfireshaveburnedhundredsofthousandsofacres.Californiaplanstotreat35,000acresofforestayearby2020,and60,000by2030—financedfromtheproceedsofthestate'semissions-permitauctions.That'sonlyasmallshareofthetotalacreagethatcouldbenefit,abouthalfamillionacresinall,soitwillbevitaltoprioritizeareasatgreatestriskoffireordrought.Thestrategyalsoaimstoensurethatcarboninwoodymaterialremovedfromtheforestsislockedawayintheformofsolidlumberorburnedasbiofuelinvehiclesthatwouldotherwiserunonfossilfuels.Newresearchontransportationbiofuelsisalreadyunderway.Stategovernmentsarewellaccustomedtomanagingforests,buttraditionallythey'vefocusedonwildlife,watershedsandopportunitiesforrecreation.Onlyrecentlyhavetheycometoseethevitalpartforestswillhavetoplayinstoringcarbon.California'splan,whichisexpectedtobefinalizedbythegovernornextyear,shouldserveasamodel.California'sForestCarbonPlanendeavorsto_____.A.restoreitsforestsquicklyafterwildfiresB.cultivatemoredrought-resistanttreesC.findmoreeffectivewaystokillinsectsD.reducethedensityofsomeofitsforests12.根據(jù)下面資料，回答21-25題Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromotherssotheycanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LalehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat--onesocialandoneasocial--forfourdays.Therobotratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkierversionofacomputermousewithwheelstomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,playedwiththesametoys,andopenedcagedoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside.Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunitytoreleasethembypressingalever.Across18trialeach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaveragetosetthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceivedthesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing,saysQuinn.Theratsmayhavebondedmorewiththesocialrobotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,shesays."Ratshavebeenshowntoengageinmultipleformsofreciprocalhelpandcooperation,includingwhatisreferredtoasdirectreciprocity--wherearatwillhelpanotherratthathaspreviouslyhelpedthem,"saysQuinn.Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenitsminimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledas