高職高專應用英語專業(yè)大二上學期期末考試聽力2復習

Lesson1

'ThisIsYburLife'isoneofthemostpopularprogrammesonBritishand

Americantelevision.Everyweekafamouspersonisinvitedtoatelevisionstudio,

withoutknowingthatheorshewillbethesubjectoftheprogramme.The

comperemeetsthepersonoutsidethestudioandsays'Thisisyourlife!*The

personthenmeetsfriendsandrelativesfromhisorherpastandpresent.Studio

4iswheretheprogrammeisrecorded.Theprogrammebeginsateighto'clock.

It*s6:45nowandthedirectorischeckingthepreparationswithhisnew

productionassistant(PA).Thesubjectoftonight'sshowwillbeanactor,Jason

Douglas.Thecompere,asusual,willbeTerryDonovan.

Director:Let'sjustcheckthearrangements.We'rebringingJasonDouglashere

inastudiocar一hethinkshe'scomingtoadiscussionprogramme!Thedriver

hasbeentoldtoarriveatexactly7:55.Now,theprogrammebeginsateight

o'clock.AtthattimeJasonwillbewalkingtothestudio.TerryDonovanwillstart

hisintroductionat8:01,andJasonwillarriveat8:02.Terrywillmeethimatthe

studioentrance...Camera4willbethere.Thenhe'lltakehimtothatseat.It'll

beonCamera3.Jasonwillbesittingthereduringthewholeprogramme.For

mostoftheshowTerrywillbestandinginthemiddle,andhe'llbeonCamera2.

Theguestswillcomethroughthatdoor,talktoTerryandJason...andthensit

overthere.

Director:Now,isthatallclear?

PA:Yes...there'sjustonething.

Director:Well,whatisit?

PA:Who'sgoingtolookaftertheguestsduringtheshow?

Director:Paulineis.

PA:Andwherewilltheybewaitingduringtheshow?

Director:InRoom401,asusual.Paulinewillbewaitingwiththem,andshe'llbe

watchingtheshowonthemonitor.She'lltellthemtwominutesbeforethey

enter.

PA:Ithinkthat'severything.

Terry:Goodeveningandwelcometo'ThisisYburLife'.ThisisTerryDonovan

speaking.We'rewaitingforthesubjectoftonight'sprogramme.He*soneofthe

world'sleadingactors,andhethinkshe'scomingheretotakepartina

discussionprogramme...Icanhearhimnow...yes,hereheis!Jason

Douglas...Thisisyourlife!

Jason:Oh,no...Idon*tbelieveit!Notme...

Terry:Yes,you!Nowcomeoverhereandsitdown.Jason,youwerebornat

number28BalaclavaStreetinEastHam,LondononJuly2nd,1947.Youwere

oneofsixchildren,andyourfatherwasataxidriver.Ofcourse,yournamewas

thenGrahamSmith.

Terry:Now,doyouknowthisvoice?'IrememberJasonwhenhewastwo.He

usedtoscreamandshoutallday.,

Jason:Susan!

Terry:Yes...allthewayfromSydney,Australia...Sheflewherespeciallyfor

thisprogramme.It'syoursister,SusanFraser!

Jason:Susan...Whydidn'tyoutellme...oh,thisiswonderful!

Terry:Yes,youhaven'tseeneachotherfor13years...takeaseatnexttohim,

Susan.Ybustartedschoolattheageoffive,in1952,andin1958youmovedto

LaneEndSecondarySchool.

Terry:Doyourememberthisvoice?*Smith!Stoplookingoutofthewindow!,

Jason:Oh,no!IfsMr.Hooper!

Terry:YourEnglishteacher,Mr.StanleyHooper.WasJasonagoodstudent,Mr.

Hooper?

Mr.Hooper:Eh?No,hewastheworstintheclass...buthewasabrilliantactor,

eveninthosedays.Hecouldimitatealltheteachers?

Terry:Thankyou,Mr.Hooper.YoucanspeaktoJason,later.Well,youwentto

theLondonSchoolofDramain1966,andleftin1969.In1973youwentto

Hollywood.

Terry:Doyouknowthisvoice?'HiJason...Canyourideahorseyet?,

Jason:Maria!

Terry:MariaMontrose...who*scomefromHollywoodtobewithyoutonight.

Maria:Hello,Jason...it'sgreattobehere.Hello,Terry.JasonandIwereina

movietogetherin1974.Jasonhadtolearntorideahorse...Well,Jasondoesn*t

likehorsesverymuch.

Jason:Likethem!I'mterrifiedofthem!

Maria:Anyway,hepractisedfortwoweeks.Thenhewenttothedirector...it

wasCharlesOrson...andsaid,'Whatdoyouwantmetodo?*Charlessaid,'I

wantyoutofalloffthehorse*.Jasonwasfurious.Hesaid,'What?Falloff!Tve

beenpractisingfortwoweeks...Icouldfalloffthefirstday...withoutany

practice!1

Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderif

you'dmindansweringafewquestionsforoursurveytoday.

David:Uh...sure,whynot?

Interviewer:What'syourname?

David:Uh,mynameisDavidGeorge.

Interviewer:David,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

David:I'maprofessionalbaseballplayer.

Interviewer:Really?

David:Mm-hmm.

Interviewer:Thafsterrific.Whatdoyoudoforfun?

David:Well,Iliketoreadtheclassics—youknow,Dickens,Shakespeare,...

uh...bookslikethat.

Interviewer:Fabulous.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthingthat'shappenedto

yourecently?

David:JustcallmeDad.MywifeandI...uh...hadourfirstbaby.

Interviewer:Oh,(Yeah.Alittlegirl.)thafswonderful.

David:Mm-hmm.

Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostinthisworld?

David:Well,Iadmiremywife...uh...she'sterrific.She'sgoingtobeagreat

mother,greatmother.

Interviewer:Terrific.Whatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?

David:Well,...uh...fiveyearsfromnowI'dliketobeafatheroffive.Tdliketo

havelotsofkidsaroundthehouse.

Interviewer:Thafsfabulous.

David:Yeah.

Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtous,David.

David:Well,thankyou.

Interviewer:Goodmorning.TmfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderedifyou'd

mindansweringafewquestionstodayforoursurvey.

Suzanne:Notatall.

Interviewer:Whafsyourname?

Suzanne:SuzanneBrown.

Interviewer:Suzanne,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Suzanne:I'malawyer.

Interviewer:Alawyer?Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Suzanne:Iliketorun.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.Running,like一

Suzanne:Jogging.

Interviewer:Jogging.Andwhat'sthemostexcitingthingthat'shappenedtoyou

recently?

Suzanne:IgottorunintheBostonMarathon.

Interviewer:Congratulations.Andwhodoyouadmiremostintheworld?

Suzanne:Oh,well,TdhavetosayMartinLutherKing,Jr.

Interviewer:Mmm,yes.Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromtoday?

Suzanne:Well,dareIsaywintheBostonMarathon?

Interviewer:Wonderful.Thanksalotfortalkingtoustoday,Suzanne.

Suzanne:Ybu'rewelcome.

Interviewer:Goodmorning,sir.TmfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderifyou

couldanswerafewquestionsforoursurveythismorning.

Adolfo:Oh,yes,yes.

Interviewer:What'syourname?

Adolfo:MynameisAdolfoVasquez.

Interviewer:Adolfo,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Adolfo:I'madancer.

Interviewer:Adancer.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Adolfo:Iwatch...uh...musicalmovies.

Interviewer:Musicalmovies.Andwhafsthemostexcitingthingthafs

happenedtoyourecently?

Adolfo:Oh,aboutsixyearsagoImovedtoUnitedStates,(Uh-huh.)andthafs

quiteexcitingforme.

Interviewer:Yes,thatisveryexciting.Whatdoyou—whodoyouadmiremostin

theworld?

Adolfo:Iadmirealot...um...SophiaLoren,themovieactress.

Interviewer:Iunderstandcompletely.(Mm-hmm.)Whatdoyouwanttobe

doingfiveyearsfromnow?

Adolfo:IlikeverymuchwhatI'mdoingrightnow,soIreallywouldliketokeep

doingit.

Interviewer:Verygood.(Mm-hmm.)Thanksforspeakingtoustoday,Adolfo.

Adolfo:Okay.You'rewelcome.

Interviewer:Goodmorning,Miss.I'mfromradiostationQRX,andIwonderif

youcouldanswerafewquestionsforoursurvey.

Linda:Sure.

Interviewer:What'syourname?

Linda:LindaMontgomery.

Interviewer:Linda,whatdoyoudoforaliving?

Linda:Uh,well,rightnowI'mgoingtobeautyschool.

Interviewer:Beautyschool?

Linda:Yeah.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.Andwhatdoyoudoforfun?

Linda:Oh,whatforfun,Ihangoutwithmyfriends-youknow,goforpizza,

stufflikethat.

Interviewer:Iunderstand.What'sthemostexcitingthingthat'shappenedto

yourecently?

Linda:Oh,thiswassogreat!(Yeah?)FourofmyfriendsandI,wewenttoa

BruceSpringsteenconcert.Weactually-wegottickets.

Interviewer:Wonderful.

Linda:Itwasthebest.

Interviewer:Whodoyouadmiremostintheworld?

Linda:WhodoIadmi—Iguess(Mm-hmm.)mydad,(Uh-huh.)probablymydad.

Yeah.

Interviewer:Andwhatdoyouwanttobedoingfiveyearsfromnow?

Linda:IwouldloveitifIcouldhavemyownbeautysalon.

Interviewer:Uh-huh.

Linda:Thatwouldbegreat.

Interviewer:Thanksverymuchfortalkingtoustoday.

Linda:Okay.

Announcer:Andnow,at10:50ifstimeforMlnYburOwnWords',,inwhichwe

interviewpeoplewithunusualstoriestotell.Heretointroducetheprogramme

isPatriciaNewell.Goodmorning,Patricia.

Patricia:Goodmorning,andgoodmorningeveryone.Withmeinthestudionow

isthismorning'sguest,TrevorCartridge.Goodmorning,Trevor.

Trevor:Goodmorning,Patricia.

Patricia:Trevor,youhaveoneofthemostunusualstoriesl*veeverheard.Yet,

nowadays,youseemtoleadaveryordinarylife.

Trevor:Yes,Patricia.I'madentist.IliveandworkinLondon.

Patricia:Butatonetimeyouusedtohaveadifferentjob?

Trevor:Yes,Iwasasoldier.

Patricia:Asoldier?

Trevor:Thafsright.

Patricia:Andhowlongagowasthat?

Trevor:Oh,abouttwothousandyearsago.

Patricia:Thafsright.TrevorCartridgebelievesthathewasasoldierinthearmy

ofJuliusCaesar.HerememberscomingtoBritainwiththeRomanarmytwo

thousandyearsago.Trevor,tellusyourremarkablestory...inyourownwords!

Trevor:Well,funnilyenough,itallbeganbecauseIwantedtogiveupsmoking.

Patricia:Giveupsmoking!

Trevor:Mm,IusedtosmoketoomuchandItriedtogiveupseveraltimes,but

Ialwaysstartedsmokingagainafewdayslater.IntheendIwenttoahypnotist.

Hehypnotizedme,andIstoppedsmokingatonce.Iwasdelighted,asyoucan

imagine.

Patricia:Yes?

Trevor:Thatmademeveryinterestedinhypnotism,andItalkedtothe

hypnotistaboutit.Hetoldmethatsomepeoplecouldremembertheirpastlives

whentheywerehypnotized,andheaskedifIwantedtotry.Ididn'tbelieveitat

first,butintheendIagreed.Hehypnotizedme,andsureenough,I

remembered.IwasaRomansoldierinCaesar'sarmy.

Patricia:Ybudidn*tbelieveitatfirst?

Trevor:Ididn'tbelieveitbeforewetriedtheexperiment.NowI'mabsolutely

convincedit'strue.

Patricia:Whatdoyouremember?

Trevor:Oh,allkindsofthings,butthemostinterestingthingIrememberisthe

nightwelandedinBritain.

Patricia:Yburememberthat?

Trevor:Ohyes.Itwasaterrible,stormynight.Therewereahundredormoreof

usintheboat.Wewereallshutin,becausetheweatherwassobadandmost

peopleweresick,becauseitwasverystuffy.Therewasaterriblesmellofpetrol,

Iremember.LotsofmenthoughtweshouldgobacktoFrance.Itwasn'tcalled

Trance*then,ofcourse.

Patricia:Andtherewasasmellofpetrol?

Trevor:Yes,itwasterrible.Theweathergotworseandworse.Wethoughtwe

weregoingtodie.Intheendtheboatwaspushedupontothesands,andwe

climbedout.Irememberjumpingintothewaterandstrugglingtothebeach.

Thewaterwasuptomyshouldersanditwasafreezingnight.Alotofmenwere

killedbythecoldordrownedinthestorm,butImanagedtogetashore.

Patricia:Youdid?

Trevor:Yes.Therewereabouttensurvivorsfromourboat,buteventhenour

troublesweren'tover.Wefoundafarmhouse,butitwasdeserted.Whenthe

peoplereadthenewspapers,andknewthatwewerecoming,theywereterrified.

Theytookalltheiranimalsandalltheirfood,andranawayintothehills.Of

course,therewerenoproperroadsinthosedays.Well,wewentintothehouse

andtriedtolightafire,butwecouldn'tevendothat.Wealwayskeptmatches

inourtrousers'pockets,sonaturallytheywereallsoaked.Wecouldn'tfind

anythingtoeat,exceptonetinofcatfood.Weweresohungry,webrokeitopen

withourknives,andateit.Wefoundatap,butthewaterwasfrozen.Intheend

wedrankrainwaterfromthetin.Wesatveryclosetogetherandtriedtokeep

warm.Wecouldhearwolvesbutwedidn'thaveanyweapons,becauseourguns

werefullofseawater.Bythemorning,thestormwasover.Wewentontothe

beachandfoundwhatwasleftoftheboat.Wemanagedtofindsomefood,and

wehopedtherewassomewinetoo,butwhenweopenedtheboxallthebottles

werebroken.

Patricia:Sowhathappened?

Trevor:Wewaited.Finallyanotherboatcameandtookusaway,andwejoined

theothersoldiers.Iremembergoingintothecamp,andgettingahotmeal,and

cleanclothes.Itwaswonderful.Weweregivenourpay,too.Irememberthe

dateonthecoins,50BC.Itwasanexcitingtime.

Patricia:AnddidyoustayinBritain?

Trevor:Ohyes,Iwashereforfiveyears,from50BCto55BC.Ienjoyedmy

stayinBritainverymuch.

Patricia:AndthenyouwentbacktoRome?

Trevor:Ican*trememberanythingafterthat.

Patricia:Well,TrevorCartridge,thankyoufortellingusyourstory,inyourown

words.

(1)Bob,doyouthinkyoucouldpossiblyturnoffthatradio?I'm(pause)trying

towritealetter.

(2)A:Idon'twantadoubleroom.Iwantasingleroom.

B:I'msorry,sir,butI'mafraid43(pause)istheonlysingleroomavailableatthe

moment.

(3)A:JustlookwhatI'vegot.

B:Letmesee.Fiftypounds!(pause)Whereonearthdidyougetit?

(4)A:OhbothertheSexDiscriminationAct.Surelytheycan'tforcemetotake

onamarriedwoman.

B:Theycan'tforceyouto,Mr.Clark,but(pause)youmustn*tdiscriminate

againstsomeonejustbecausethey'remarried.

(5)A:I'mgladI'mnotaprincess.Itmustbeadreadfullife.

B:Dreadful?(pause)Iwouldn'tmindbeingaprince.

(6)I'mareasonablyhard-workingperson.But(pause)I'mnotaworkaholic.

(7)A:Hadyourbrotherbeennervousaboutithimself?

B:Well,hedidn'tsay,butpossibly(pause)hehadbeen.

TheKnowledge

BecomingaLondontaxidriverisn'teasy.Inordertoobtainalicencetodrivea

taxiinLondon,candidateshavetopassadetailedexamination.Theyhaveto

learnnotonlythestreets,landmarksandhotels,butalsothequickestwayto

getthere.Thisiscalled'TheKnowledge,byLondoncabdriversanditcantake

yearsofstudyandpracticetoget'TheKnowledge'.Candidatesareexamined

notonlyonthequickestroutesbutalsoonthequickestroutesatdifferenttimes

oftheday.Peoplewhowanttopasstheexaminationspendmuchoftheirfree

timedrivingorevencyclingaroundLondon,studyingmapsandlearningthe

hugestreetdirectorybyheart.

TheUnderground

TravellingontheLondonunderground(the'tube')presentsfewdifficultiesfor

visitorsbecauseoftheclearcolour-codedmaps.Itisalwaysusefultohave

plentyofsparechangewithyoubecausethereareoftenlongqueuesatthe

largerstations.Ifyouhaveenoughchangeyoucanbuyyourticketfroma

machine.Ybuwillfindsignswhichlistthestationsinalphabeticalorder,withthe

correctfares,nearthemachines.Thereareautomaticbarrierswhichare

operatedbythetickets.Ybushouldkeeptheticket,becauseitischeckedatthe

destination.

Lesson2

Interviewer:Isfilmeditingacomplicatedjob?

FilmEditor:Ohyes,alotofpeopleprobablydon*tknowhowcomplicatedajob

itcanbe.It'sfarmorethanjuststickingpiecesoffilmtogether.

Interviewer:Howlongdoesittaketoeditafilm?

FilmEditor:Well,itdepends.Youcanprobablyexpecttoedita10-minutefilm

inaboutaweek.A35-minutedocumentary,liketheoneI'meditingatpresent,

takesaminimumoffourtofiveweekstoedit.

Interviewer:Canyouexplaintomehowfilmeditingworks?

FilmEditor:Therearedifferentsteps.'Synchingup',forexample.

Interviewer:Whatdoyoumeanbysynchingup?

FilmEditor:Itmeansmatchingsoundandpicturesandthatisusuallydoneby

myassistant.Thefilmandthesoundtapehavenumbersstampedalongthe

edgewhichhavetobematched.Thedetailsofthefilmandthesoundarealso

recordedinalogbook,soifsquickandeasytofindaparticulartakeandits

soundtrack.Thisoperationiscalledloggingandisagaindonebymyassistant.

Interviewer:Sowhatdoyouusuallydoyourself?

FilmEditor:Alotofthings,ofcourse.First,Ihavetoviewallthematerialto

makeafirstselectionofthebesttakes.There'salotoffilmtolookthrough

becausetomakeasequenceworkthewayyouwant,youneedalotofshotsto

choosefrom.

Interviewer:Doesthatmeanthatyouhavetodiscardsequences?

FilmEditor:Ohyes.Onaverageforeveryfootofeditedfilm,youneedtwelve

timesasmuchuneditedfilmandthereforeyouhavetocompromiseand,of

course,discardsomeofit.

Interviewer:Whatdoyoudoafterselectingthematerial?

FilmEditor:Firstofall,Iprepareaninitialversionofthefilm,a'roughcut*asit

iscalled.ThatmeansthatIactuallycutthefilmintopiecesandstickthem

togetheragainintheneworder.

Interviewer:Andafterthis'roughcut'whathappens?

FilmEditor:Well,afterthe'roughcut'comesthe*finecut*whenthefilmtakesits

finalform.Theproducerandthedirectorcomeinforaviewing.Somesmall

changesmaythenbenecessary,butwhenthe*finecut'hasbeenapprovedby

everyone,thisisthefinalversionofthefilm.

Interviewer:Atthispointisthefilmreadyfordistribution?

FilmEditor:Ohno.Afterthefinalversionofthefilmhasbeenapproved,there

isthedubbing,therearevoices,music,backgroundnoisesandsometimes

specialeffectstobeputtogetherforthesoundtrack.Andafterthedubbing,the

editedfilmissenttothe'neg'cutters.

Interviewer:Whatdothe'neg'cuttersdo?

FilmEditor:Theycuttheoriginalnegativesonthefilms,sothatthesematchthe

editedfilmexactly.Andafterallthatcomesthebestpart—Icansitdownquietly

withmyfeetupandenjoywatchingthefilm!

Man:Hi.

Woman:Hi.

Man:What'dyoudolastnight?

Woman:IwatchedTV.TherewasareallygoodmoviecalledSoylentGreen.

Man:SoylentGreen?

Woman:Yeah.CharltonHestonwasinit.

Man:What'sitabout?

Woman:Oh,it'saboutlifeinNewYorkintheyear2022.

Man:IwonderifNewYorkwillstillbeherein2022.

Woman:Inthismovie,in2022...

Man:Yeah?

Woman:...NewYorkhasfortymillionpeople.

Man:Ouch!

Woman:Andtwentymillionofthemareunemployed.

Man:HowmanypeopleliveinNewYorknow?Aboutsevenoreightmillion?

Woman:Yeah,Ithinkthat'sright.

Man:Mm-hmm.Youknow,ifit'shardenoughtofindanapartmentnowinNew

YorkCity,what'sitgoingtobelikein2022?

Woman:Well,inthismoviemostpeoplehavenoapartment.Sothousandssleep

onthestepsofbuildings.(Uh-huh.)Peoplewhodohaveaplacetolivehaveto

crawloversleepingpeopletogetinside.Andthereareshortagesofeverything.

Thesoilissopollutedthatnothingwillgrow.(Ooo.)Andtheairissopolluted

theyneverseethesun.Ifsreallyawful.

Man:IthinkI'mgoingtoavoidgoingtoNewYorkCityintheyear2022.

Woman:Andtherewasthisscenewherethestar,CharltonHeston,goesintoa

housewheresomeveryrichpeoplelive.

Man:Uh-huh.

Woman:Hecan'tbelieveit,becausetheyhaverunningwaterandtheyhave

soap.

Man:Really?

Woman:Andthenhegoesintothekitchenandtheyhavetomatoesandlettuce

andbeef.Healmostcriesbecausehe*sneverseenrealfoodinhislife,youknow,

especiallythebeef.Itwasamazingforhim.

Man:Well,ifmostpeoplehavenorealfood,whatdotheyeat?

Woman:Theyeatsomethingcalledsoylent.

Man:Soylent?

Woman:Yeah.There*ssoylentredandsoylentyellowandsoylentgreen.The

firsttwoaremadeoutofsoybeans.Butthesoylentgreenismadeoutofocean

plants.(Ugh.)Thepeopleeatitlikecrackers.That'salltheyhavetoeat.

Man:Thatsoundsdisgusting.

Woman:Well,youknow,itreallyisn*tthatfarfromreality.

Man:No?

Woman:Yeah.Because,youknowthegreenhouseeffectthat'sbeginningnow

andheatinguptheearth...

Man:Oh,yeah,I'veheardaboutthat.

Woman:...becausewe*reputtingthepollutantsintheatmosphere,youknow?

Man:Mm-hmm.

Woman:Imean,inthismovieNewYorkhasninetydegreesweatherallyear

long.Anditcouldreallyhappen.Uh...likenow,we...wehavefuelshortages.

Andinthemoviethere'ssolittleelectricitythatpeoplehavetoridebicyclesto

makeit.

Man:Youknowsomething?Idon'tthinkthatmovieisatruepredictionofthe

future.

Woman:Idon'tknow.Itscaresme.Ithinkitmightbe.

Man:Really?

Woman:Well,yeah.

ThenativeAmericans,thepeoplewecallthe'Indians',hadbeeninAmericafor

manythousandsofyearsbeforeChristopherColumbusarrivedin1492.

ColumbusthoughthehadarrivedinIndia,sohecalledthenativepeople

Indians*.

TheIndianswerekindtotheearlysettlers.Theywerenotafraidofthemand

theywantedtohelpthem.Theyshowedthesettlersthenewworldaroundthem;

theytaughtthemaboutthelocalcropslikesweetpotatoes,cornandpeanuts;

theyintroducedtheEuropeanstochocolateandtotheturkey;andthe

EuropeansdidbusinesswiththeIndians.

Butsoonthesettlerswantedbiggerfarmsandmorelandforthemselvesand

theirfamilies.MoreandmoreimmigrantswerecomingfromEuropeandall

thesepeopleneededland.SotheEuropeansstartedtotakethelandfromthe

Indians.TheIndianshadtomovebackintothecentreofthecontinentbecause

thesettlersweretakingalltheirland.

TheIndianscouldn'tunderstandthis.Theyhadaverydifferentideaoflandfrom

theEuropeans.FortheIndians,theland,theearth,wastheirmother.

Everythingcamefromtheirmother,theland,andeverythingwentbacktoit.

Thelandwasforeveryoneanditwasimpossibleforonemantoownit.How

couldtheWhiteMandividetheearthintoparts?Howcouldheputfencesround

it,buyitandsellit?

Naturally,whentheWhiteManstartedtakingalltheIndians'land,theIndians

startedfightingback.Theywantedtokeeptheirland,theywantedtostopthe

WhiteMantakingitallforhimself.ButtheWhiteManwasstrongerandcleverer.

SlowlyhepushedtheIndiansintothosepartsofthecontinentthathedidn*t

want-thepartswhereitwastoocoldortoodryortoomountainoustolive

comfortably.

By1875theIndianshadlostthefight:theywerelivinginspecialplacescalled

Reservations*.ButevenheretheWhiteMantooklandfromthem——perhapshe

wantedthewood,orperhapsthelandhadimportantmineralsinit,orheeven

wantedtomakenationalparksthere.SoevenontheirreservationstheIndians

werenotsafefromtheWhiteMan.

TherearemanyHollywoodfilmsaboutthefightbetweentheIndiansandthe

WhiteMan.UsuallyinthesefilmstheIndiansarebadandtheWhiteManisgood

andbrave.Butwasitreallylikethat?Whatdoyouthink?Doyouthinkthe

IndianswererightorwrongtofighttheWhiteMan?

Interviewer:Today,therearemorethan15millionpeoplelivinginAustralia.

Only160,000oftheseareAborigines,sowherehavetherestcomefrom?Well,

until1850mostofthesettlerscamefromBritainandIrelandand,asweknow,

manyofthesewereconvicts.Thenin1851somethinghappenedwhichchanged

everything.GoldwasdiscoveredinsoutheasternAustralia.Duringthenextten

years,nearly700,000peoplewenttoAustraliatofindgoldandbecomerich.

ManyofthemwereChinese.ChinaisquiteneartoAustralia.Sincethenmany

differentgroupsofimmigrantshavegonetoAustraliaformanydifferent

reasons.TodayI'mgoingtotalktoMariowhosefamilycamefromItalyandto

HelenafromGreece.Mario,whendidthefirstItaliansarriveinAustralia?

Mario:ThefirstItalianswentthere,liketheChinese,inthegold-rushes,hoping

tofindgoldandbecomerich.Butmanyalsowentthereforpoliticalreasons.

Duringthe1850sand1860sdifferentstatesinItalywerefightingfor

independenceandsomeItalianswereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandsbecause

theywereindangerofbeingputinprisonforpoliticalreasons.

Interviewer:IbelievetherearealotofItaliansinthesugarindustry.

Mario:Yes,that'sright.In1891thefirstgroupof300Italianswenttoworkin

thesugarcanefieldsofnorthernAustralia.Theyworkedveryhardandmany

savedenoughmoneytobuytheirownland.Inthiswaytheycametodominate

thesugarindustryonmanypartsoftheQueenslandcoast.

Interviewer:ButnotallItaliansworkinthesugarindustry,dothey?

Mario:No.Alotofthemareinthefishingindustry.Italyhasalongcoastline,as

youknow,andItalianshavealwaysbeengoodfishermen.Attheendofthe

nineteenthcenturysomeofthesewenttowesternAustraliatomakeanewlife

forthemselves.Again,manyofthem,includingmygrandfather,weresuccessful

Interviewer:AndwhatabouttheGreeks,Helena?

Helena:Well,theGreeksarethefourthlargestnationalgroupinAustralia,after

theBritish,theIrishandtheItalians.MostGreeksarrivedaftertheSecond

WorldWarbutinthe1860stherewerealreadyabout500Greekslivingin

Australia.

Interviewer:SowhendidthefirstGreeksarrive?

Helena:Probablyin1830,theywenttoworkinvineyardsinsoutheastern

Australia.TheGreekshavebeenmakingwineforcenturiessotheirexperience

wasveryvaluable.

Interviewer:Butdidn'tsomeofthemgointothecoalmines?

Helena:Yes,theyweren*tallabletoenjoythepleasantoutdoorlifeofthe

vineyards.SomeofthemwenttoworkinthecoalminesinSydney.Others

startedcafesandbarsandrestaurants.By1890therewereGreekcafesand

restaurantsalloverSydneyandoutinthecountryside(orthebush,asthe

Australianscallit)aswell.

Interviewer:Andthen,asyousaid,manyGreeksarrivedaftertheSecondWorld

War,didn'tthey?

Helena:Yes,yes,that'sright.ConditionsinGreecewereverybad:therewas

verylittleworkandmanypeoplewereverypoor.Australianeededmore

workersandsoofferedtopaytheboatfare.Peoplewhoalreadyhadmembers

oftheirfamilyinAustraliatookadvantageofthisofferandwenttofindabetter

lifethere.

Interviewer:Well,thankyou,MarioandHelena.Nextweekwewillbetalkingto

JuanfromSpainandMargaretfromScotland.

(1)A:Itdoesn'tsoundmuchlikedancingtome.

B:Itis;ifs