牛津上海版9A Unit4單元基礎(chǔ)及練習(xí)

/牛津上海版9AUnit4Ⅰ.Words.1.barn.條,塊e.g.abarofchocolate/soap一條巧克力／肥皂Thekidsnevereatcandybars.孩子們從來(lái)不吃糖棒?！居亚樘崾尽縝ar還可表示“柜臺(tái)〞的意思。e.g.ItwassocrowdedIcouldn'tgettothebar.人太多了,我無(wú)法擠到柜臺(tái)那兒。2.tinyadj.很小的,微小的e.g.Antsaretinyinsects.螞蟻是十分微小的昆蟲(chóng)。Look!Thereistinywormmovingtowardsme.看！有只小蟲(chóng)向我爬來(lái)。3.dependv.依靠,依賴(lài)e.g.Trytoguess.Donotdependonyourdictionaryallthetime.猜猜看。不要總是依賴(lài)你的字典?！局R(shí)拓展】Thatdepends.[口]要看情況而定。Italldepends.[口]要看情況而定。Youmaydependuponit.[口]肯定無(wú)疑；放心好了。4.realizev.意識(shí)到,認(rèn)識(shí)到e.g.Ididn’trealizeyouweregoingtoleave.我不知道你準(zhǔn)備走了。Jackierealizedthathehaddonewrong.杰克意識(shí)到自己錯(cuò)了?！局更c(diǎn)迷津】realize,understandrealize與understand是近義詞,共同的含義是“意識(shí)到,弄明白〞常?？梢曰Q使用。e.g.Buttheydon'trealize/understandoneimportantthing.但是有一件重要的事他們不明白。Themanlaughedwhenherealized/understoodwhathadhappened.那個(gè)人明白所發(fā)生的事情時(shí)便哈哈大笑了起來(lái)。另外,realize可以表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)〞。e.g.TheChinesepeoplearesuretorealizethemodernizationoftheircountry.中國(guó)人民必將實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化。而understand還可以表示“聽(tīng)懂,理解〞。e.g.TheEnglishunderstandeachother,butIdon'tunderstandthem.英國(guó)人說(shuō)話都能互相聽(tīng)懂,可是他們講話我卻聽(tīng)不懂。5.super超級(jí)的,極好的e.g.Myfatherisasupercook.我父親是個(gè)很好的廚師。Thankyouforinvitingmehere.Wereallyhadasupertime.謝謝你邀請(qǐng)我到這里來(lái)。我們真的度過(guò)了一段美好的時(shí)光。Youhavedoneasuperjob,mydearson.我親愛(ài)的兒子,你做得真好。【近義】greatadj.偉大的,非常的excellentadj.卓越的,極好的6.rarelyadv.很少的,罕有的e.g.PeoplerarelyeatsnakeinEngland.英國(guó)人很少吃蛇。Theycancalculateveryfastandrarelygivewronganswers.他們能計(jì)算得很快并且很少犯錯(cuò)誤。【友情提示】rarely的頻繁程度要比seldom低,但比hardlyever高。7.typev.〔用文字處理系統(tǒng)或打字機(jī)〕打字,打印e.g.Ican'ttypeasrapidlyasyou.我打字打得沒(méi)你那么快。Everydayhetypedwhathecomposed.他每天都用打字機(jī)把他創(chuàng)作的作品打下來(lái)?！局R(shí)拓展】type還可以表示“類(lèi)型,典型〞。e.g.Thetypeofskirtisallthego.這種裙子很時(shí)髦。Heisafinetypeoftheyouth.他是青年人的一個(gè)典范。type在解釋為“典型〞時(shí),它的形容詞形式是typical。e.g.Thepictureistypicalofitskind.這幅畫(huà)在同類(lèi)繪畫(huà)中有代表性。8.importantlyadv.重大地；重要地e.g.Moreimportantly,weshouldusethecomputerstoimproveourstudies.更重要的是,我們應(yīng)該使用電腦采提高我們的學(xué)習(xí)?！局R(shí)拓展】unimportantlyadv.不重要地importantadj.重要的；重大的importancen.重要性9.operatev.(1)操作；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)e.g.Doyouknowhowtooperatethisnewrecorder?你知道如何使用這部新的錄音機(jī)嗎？Nearlyallthetractorsoperateondieseloil.幾乎所有的拖拉機(jī)都用柴油開(kāi)動(dòng)。(2)動(dòng)手術(shù)e.g.Thedoctorsoperatedonherstomach.醫(yī)生給她的胃動(dòng)了手術(shù)。【友情提示】“給某人做手術(shù)〞常用詞組operateonsb。e.g.Didyouoperateonthatpatient?你給那位病人做手術(shù)了嗎？10.meaningn.意義,含義e.g.Itdoesn'tseemtohavemuchmeaning.似乎無(wú)多大意義?！局R(shí)拓展】meanv.意謂,用意meaningfuladj.意味深長(zhǎng)的meaninglessadj.無(wú)意義的11.trueadj.符合事實(shí)的,確實(shí)的,如實(shí)的,真實(shí)的e.g.Alltherumoursturnedouttobetrue.所有的傳聞結(jié)果都確有其事?！局R(shí)拓展】true的反義詞是false。e.g.Theactorinroleofanoldmanwearsfalsewhiskers.扮演老頭的演員戴著假胡子。12.raisev.提出e.g.IwantedtoraiseaquestiontothechairmanbutinamomentIlostmynerve.我想向會(huì)議主席提一個(gè)問(wèn)題,但立刻我又沒(méi)有了勇氣?！局R(shí)拓展】我們還學(xué)過(guò)這個(gè)詞的一些其他用法。e.g.Pleaseraiseyourhandsifyouhavequestions.有問(wèn)題請(qǐng)舉手。WewillraisesomemoneyforSPCA.我們將為動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)集資。Peopleoftenraisedogsastheirpets.人們常將狗作為寵物來(lái)飼養(yǎng)。與raise詞形比擬接近的一個(gè)詞是rise,意為“上升,升起〞,是不及物動(dòng)詞,過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞為rose,risen。e.g.Whatcausessealeveltorise?什么引起海平面上升？Thesunrisesintheeast.大陽(yáng)從東方升起。13.obeyv.服從,遵守；順從e.g.Hehadalwaysobeyedhisparentswithoutquestion.他對(duì)父母一向絕對(duì)服從。AllIhadtodonowwastoobeyhiminsilence.這時(shí),我要做的只是默默地服從他。14.program(l)n.程序e.g.Alltheseprogramsaresoftware.所有的這些程序都是軟件。(2)v.編程e.g.Pleaseprogramthecomputertodothejobinsteadofmanualoperation.請(qǐng)給電腦編制一個(gè)程序,以便進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作代替手工操作。【知識(shí)拓展】programmern.〔計(jì)算機(jī)〕程序編制員,程序設(shè)計(jì)師15.commandn.指令;命令e.g.Thecomputerwillobeyyourcommandsquickly.計(jì)算機(jī)能夠很快的聽(tīng)從你的指令。【知識(shí)拓展】command還可作動(dòng)詞,表示“命令〞。e.g.Hecommandedhismantoretreat.他命令手下撤退。Shecommandedthereleaseoftheprisoners.她下令釋放囚犯。command較正式用詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)權(quán)威性、全局性和強(qiáng)制性。order:普通用詞,側(cè)重指具體的命令。direction:正式用詞,指口頭或書(shū)面的指示或命令。內(nèi)容不一定詳盡,語(yǔ)氣較緩和,不太強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)制性。也可指指導(dǎo)性的說(shuō)明。instruction:書(shū)面用詞,指不容違反、不容推翻的命令。也多指包含具體說(shuō)明的指示。16.driven.驅(qū)動(dòng)器e.g.hard-diskdrive硬盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器floppy-diskdrive軟盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器CD-ROMdrive光盤(pán)驅(qū)動(dòng)器17.over超過(guò)e.g.Thegirldonatedover100bookstothechildreninWenchuandistrict.那個(gè)女孩子向汶川地區(qū)的孩子們捐贈(zèng)了100多本書(shū)。Theoldmanisover90.這位老人90多歲了?！局R(shí)拓展】在初中階段,over用作介詞的用法還有：(1)在……之上(反義詞是under)e.g.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.河上有一座橋。(2)普及e.g.Therearetreesalloverourschool.我們學(xué)校遍地是樹(shù)。Youshouldgooveryourlessonscarefully.你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)地復(fù)習(xí)功課。(3)overprep.〔指時(shí)間〕在……期間e.g.Istayedathomeovertheholidays.假期中,我一直在家。18.writingn.作品,著作；筆跡e.g.thewritingsofLuXun魯迅的作品Icanneverreadyourwriting.我怎么也看不明白你的筆跡?！窘x】worksn.作品【知識(shí)拓展】writev.寫(xiě),寫(xiě)作writern.作家Ⅱ.Dailyexpressions.日常表達(dá)1.commonknowledgee.g.It’scommonknowledgethatEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld.眾所周知,英語(yǔ)在世界上廣泛使用。commonadj.常見(jiàn)的,普遍的；knowledgen.了解,知道；知識(shí),學(xué)問(wèn)e.g.SmithisacommonnameinEngland.史密斯在英國(guó)是個(gè)很普通的名字。TheEnglishandAustralianshaveacommonlanguage.英國(guó)人和澳大利亞人使用共同的語(yǔ)言。MyfatherhasagoodknowledgeofEuropeanhistory.我的父親對(duì)歐洲歷史十分了解。這三個(gè)詞都含有“普通的〞意思。(1)common強(qiáng)調(diào)梯常見(jiàn)的,缺乏為奇的"。e.g.Coldsarecommoninwinter.感冒在冬天很常見(jiàn)。(2)ordinary強(qiáng)調(diào)“平常的,平淡無(wú)奇的〞。e.g.Hisordinarysupperconsistsofonlybreadandmilk.他通常的晚餐不過(guò)是面包和牛奶。(3)general意為“普遍的,一般的〞。e.g.Thisbookisintendedforthegeneralreader,notforthespecialist.這本書(shū)是為一般讀者寫(xiě)的,不是為專(zhuān)家寫(xiě)的。2.forthetimebeing暫時(shí)e.g.You'llhaveyourownoffice,butforthetimebeingyou'llhavetoshareone.你很快就有自己的辦公室了,不過(guò)暫時(shí)還得與別人合用一問(wèn)。Yourwageswillbe$5,000amonthforthetimebeing.你目前的工資暫定為每個(gè)月5000美元。Wehadtocancelofftheplanforthetimebeing.我們不得不暫時(shí)取消這個(gè)方案。3.ableto能,會(huì)e.g.Theathleteisabletojumptwometres.這位運(yùn)發(fā)動(dòng)能跳兩米高?！局R(shí)拓展】able的名詞形式是ability,解釋為“能力,力量〞。e.g.Shehasnoabilityinthatkindofwork.她沒(méi)有做那種工作的能力。Theabilitytousealanguagecanbeacquiredbytheactofusingthelanguage.運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力只能通過(guò)不斷練習(xí)才能獲得。4.havenothingtodo無(wú)事可做e.g.IhavenothingtodoonthisWednesday.這周三我沒(méi)有什么事情可做。Ihavenothingtodoatthemoment.此刻我無(wú)事可做?！局R(shí)拓展】havenothingtodowith與……無(wú)關(guān)e.g.Tearshavenothingtodowithsadness.眼淚和悲哀沒(méi)有關(guān)系。5.beunawareof未注意到beawareof注意到e.g.Iwasunawareofyourpresence.我不知道你在場(chǎng)。Thestudentwasunawareofhismistake.這個(gè)學(xué)生還沒(méi)意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。Sheseemedunawareofallthetroubleshehadcaused.她似乎還沒(méi)有覺(jué)察到她所引起的麻煩。6.bebetterthan…at(doing)sth比……更擅長(zhǎng)于〔做〕某事e.g.AlicemaybebetterthanMike,TomandJohnatteachingEnglishatschool.艾麗斯可能比馬克、湯姆和約翰更擅長(zhǎng)于在學(xué)校教英語(yǔ)。7.forthesereasons由于這些原因e.g.Forthesereasons,Ican'tgoonwithmystudiesanymore.由于這些原因,我無(wú)法繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。Forthesereasons,theydecidedtogiveuptheirplan.由于這些原因,他們打算放棄他們的方案。8.millionsof成千上萬(wàn)的……;無(wú)數(shù)的……e.g.Therearemillionsofspeciesanimals.而動(dòng)物種類(lèi)有幾百萬(wàn)種。注意：類(lèi)似的用法還有：hundredsof,thousandsof,billionsofe.g.Thefloodclaimedhundredsoflives.水災(zāi)奪走了數(shù)百人的生命。Acomputerconsistsofthousandsofcomponents.電腦由成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)部件組成。Thecompanyproducesbillionsofcarsayear.公司每年生產(chǎn)數(shù)十億輛車(chē)。【隨堂小練】Ⅰ.Completethesentenceswiththegivenwordsintheirproperforms1.Doyouliveonthe (twelve)floorinthisblock?2.Millionsof (visit)cometoShanghaiforshoppingandsightseeingeveryyear.More (important),thecomputerscanoperaterailwaysandflyaeroplanesandspaceships.Sheisafamous (headmaster). (lucky),Icaughtthelastunderground. Thankyouforyour (kind).【Keys】1.twelfth2.visitors3.importantly4.headmistress5.Luckily6.kindnessA.rightawayB.happenedtoC.aslargeasD.worksE.setupF.notpoliteG.wastobegiven()1.Idon'tunderstandhowthismachineoperates.()2.Thegovernmentdecidedtobuildamodernhospitalthere.()3.LastSunday,Ichancedtomeetanoldfriendofmine.()4.It'srudetopointatotherswhenyouspeak.()5.Isyourschoolthesamesizeastheirs?()6.Let'ssetoutimmediatelysothatwecangetthereintime.【Keys】l.D2.E3.B4.F5.C6.AImportantSentencesstructures.1.Whatwillhappentousifcomputerscandoourjobs?這里是一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,if引導(dǎo)的從句用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),what引導(dǎo)的主句用了將來(lái)時(shí)。e.g.Wewillgototheparkifitisnotrainytomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我們就去公園。happento在這里表示“發(fā)生〞。e.g.Itcanhappentoanyone.這事可能發(fā)生在任何人身上。2.Forthesereasons,weoftencallthemelectronicbrains.call后面可以跟雙賓語(yǔ)。callv.稱(chēng)……,叫……,把……稱(chēng)為〔叫作〕……e.g.YoumaycallmeDavid.你可以叫我大衛(wèi)。WecallitMimi.我們管它叫咪瞇?！局R(shí)拓展】callv.打給……e.g.Callmethisafternoon.下午給我打個(gè)。calln.〔一次〕e.g.givesbacall打給某人callout大聲叫喊e.g.callouttosb向某人大聲叫喊callup給……打e.g.Pleasecallmeupatanytime.請(qǐng)隨時(shí)給我打。callon號(hào)召e.g.callonsbtodosth號(hào)召某人做某事3.Theymaybebetterthandoctors,judgesandteachersatdoingtheirjobs.句中有一個(gè)重要詞組begoodat,意為“擅長(zhǎng)某事〞,后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞。e.g.AreyougoodatEnglish?你擅長(zhǎng)英語(yǔ)嗎？Maryisgoodatskating.瑪麗擅長(zhǎng)滑冰。good為原級(jí),比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)分別為better、best,需要注意的是,副詞well的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是better、best。e.g.Yourbraincanunderstandthemeaningofthingsbetter.大腦對(duì)問(wèn)題的理解更深刻。〔這里是副詞well的比擬級(jí)〕HeisbetterthanmeatChinese.他語(yǔ)文比我好?！策@里是形容詞good的比擬級(jí)〕Willcomputersmakeourlivesbetter?電腦將使我們的生活更好嗎？〔這里是形容詞good的比擬級(jí)〕(l)begoodat…意為“在……方面做得好；擅長(zhǎng)〞,其反義詞組為beweak/poorin/at…“在……方面很差〞。后可接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。e.g.Heisgoodatsinging.他擅長(zhǎng)唱歌。Samisweak/poorin/athighjump.薩姆不擅長(zhǎng)跳高。(2)begoodto意為“對(duì)……友好〞,后一般接表示人的或人格化的名詞。e.g.Sheisgoodtome.她對(duì)我很好。(3)begoodfor意為“對(duì)……有好處〞。e.g.Doingmorningexerciseeverydayisgoodforyourhealth.每天做早操對(duì)你的健康有好處。【隨堂練習(xí)】I.Choosethebestanswer()1.Thefilm fortenminuteswhenIenteredthemeeting-room.A.hasbegun B.hadbeenC.hasbeenon D.hadbeenon()2.Steamisseen fromthewetclotheswhentheyarehungnearafire.A.risesB.rising C.raise D.raising()3.TheSPCwantstoraise moneytolookaftertheanimals.A.alot B.agreatmanyC.alargeamountofD.agreatnumberof

()4.Myambitionistobeascientist.Howabout ?A.youB.your C.yours D.yourself()5.Wetotallydepend ourparents.A.withB.of C.on D.about()6.Thereareonly daysbeforetheMid-termexamination.A.little B.alittle C.few D.afew( )7.Wouldyoumindmykeepingthewindows ?A.open B.opening C.opened D.opens( )8.Iremember thekeytomybicycleinmybag.Butitisgone.A.putting B.toput C.put D.tohaveput()9.Whatheisinchargeof thereadingcontest.He'sgoodatreading.A.toorganizeB.organizeC.istoorganize D.isorganize()10.Thechickenis expensiveandeating isbadforourhealth.A.muchtoo;toomuch B,toomuch;muchtooC.toomuch;toomuchD.muchtoo;muchtoo()11.Mywatchisn'tworkingnow.Imusthaveit__________.A.repair B.repairedC.repairing D.torepair()12.Iamwondering .A.howdoesDisneylandlook B.howDisneylandlookslikeC.whatdoesDisneylandlookslike D.whatDisneylandlookslike【Keys】l.D2.B3.C4.C5.C6.D7.A8.A9.C10.A11.B12.DⅡ.RewritethesentencesasrequiredPeoplecanhardlylivewithoutwaterforthreedays.(改為反義疑問(wèn)句)Peoplecanhardlylivewithoutwaterforthreedays, ?YaoMingisthetallestbasketballplayerinHoustonRocket.(寫(xiě)出同義句)YaoMingis basketballplayerinHoustonRocket.YaoMingis thanbasketballplayersinHoustonRocket.inHoustonRocketistallerthanYaoMing. Computersareaccurateenoughtodescribetheexactfigureofthesuspect.(寫(xiě)出同義句)

Computersare accurate theycandescribetheexactfigureofthesuspect.【Keys】1.can；they2.taller；anyother;taller；theother;Nobodyelse3.so；thatStep5:Grammar.形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)〔一〕意義兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比擬時(shí),常用比擬級(jí)形式,三者以上進(jìn)行比擬時(shí)常用最高級(jí)形式。e.g.Thiscomputerischeaperthanthatone.這個(gè)電腦比那個(gè)廉價(jià)。Heisthetallestinourclass.他是我們班中最高的?！捕硺?gòu)成形容詞比擬級(jí)、最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：1.一般情況下直接加er,est。e.g.如：tall-taller-tallest2.以e結(jié)尾的詞直接加r,st。e.g.如:nice-nicer-nicest3.以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母加er,est。e.g.big-bigger-biggest4.輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞將y變i加er,est。e.g.heavy-heavier-heaviest5.特殊變化應(yīng)分別記憶。e.g.good-better-best.6.多音節(jié)形容訶比擬緩和：最高級(jí)分別在其前加more,most。e.g.expensive-moreexpensive-mostexpensive(三)用法1.形容詞比擬級(jí)常用于than結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.Thisriverislongerthanthatone.這條河比那條河長(zhǎng)。2.形容詞最高級(jí)常用于of或in結(jié)構(gòu)中。e.g.Thisbookisthebestofthethree.這本書(shū)是三本中最好的。．Whoisthefastestfrunnerinyourschool?誰(shuí)是你學(xué)校中最快的賽跑者？【例1】Thankstothenewinventions,ourlivesaremuchthanbefore.A.convenientB.moreconvenientC.mostconvenientD.themostconvenient【答案】B【例2】InChangsha,it'shotinJuly,butit'seveninAugust.A.hotB.hotterC.hottest【答案】B【例3】LeecametoBeijingin2019.Hehasbeenherethanyou.A.longB.longerC.longestD.thelongest【答案】B(2009河北)Shealwaysdoesherhomeworkthanherbrother.A.morecarefulB.carefulC.morecarefullyD.carefully【答案】C【例5】-Helen,canIwearjeansandaT-shirttotheeveningparty?-OK.Butadressmightbe.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse【答案】B【例6】Theboydoesn'tspeakhissister,buthiswrittenworkisverygood.A.aswellasB.sogoodasC.morebetterthanD.moreworsethan【答案】A(ReadingandWriting)Ⅰ.Readingcomprehension(A)Computerusersarebeingwarnedbyindustryexperts(專(zhuān)家)topayattentiontosecretcodeswhichcouldbeusedtorecordtheirconversations.E-mail,screensavers,andelectronicgreetingcardscancarryasecretcodewhichisabletoturnonthecomputer'smicrophone,makearecording,andforward(轉(zhuǎn)遞)ittosomeoneelsewithouttheuser'sknowledge.Infactanyattachment〔附件)senttoacomputer,whetheritisagameofSpaceInvaders,oramovingpicture,canpossiblybeusedtospy.Expertssaypeopleshouldalwaysthinktwiceaboutopeningattachmentsbecausenotonlycommon-bugging(竊聽(tīng))canbuthasbeendonebycomputer.BillLyons,headoftheInternetSecurityCompanyFinjian,said,peopleinthearmyhavetestedthisandyoucanbesure,ifpeopleingeneralareaware(知道)ofit,thencomputerhackersareawareofit.ThefrighteningthingisthattherearetoolsontheInternetwhichpeople,usingasimplesearchmethod,canfind,andwhichwillenablethemtoattachthisdangerouscodetosimpleattachments.TrueorFalse()1.Industryexpertsarewarningcomputeruserstopayattentiontosecretcodes.()2.E-mail,screensavers,andelectronicgreetingcardscanonlycarryasecretcodebuttheycan'tforwardtosomeoneelsewithouttheuser'sknowledge.()3.Peoplecanusebothgamesandmovingpicturesforspying.()4.Toolsarenotsoeasytofindifcomputerhackerswanttobug.()5."Tothinktwiceaboutdoing"refersto"tothinkcarefullybeforedecidingtodosomething".()6.Computerusersarestillsafebecausethepeopleinthearmyhavetestedthewaystoprotectthem.【Keys】l.T2.F3.T4.F5.T6.F(B)TheInternetisbecomingimportantinourlife.Howmuchdoyouknowaboutit?WhatistheInternet?TheInternetisalarge,worldwidecollectionofcomputernetworks(網(wǎng)絡(luò)).Anetworkisasmallgroupofcomputersputtogether.DifferentnetworksfromallovertheworldmakeuptheInternet.OnceyouhavelearnedtousetheInternet,youcanhavealotoffunontheWorldWideWeb(萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)).WhatistheWorldWideWeb?TheWorldWideWebhasbeenthemostpopulardevelopmentoftheInternet.Thewebislikeabigelectronicbookwithmillionsofpagesthatarecalledhomepages.Youcanfindinformationaboutalmostanythingintheworldonthesepages.Forexample,y