江蘇省揚(yáng)州市寶應(yīng)縣2021-2022學(xué)年八年級(jí)上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試卷

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)期末試卷

（滿分：140分;考試時(shí)間：100分鐘）

1.本試卷共8頁(yè)，包含選擇題（第1題?第65題）、非選擇題（第66題?第96題）兩部分。

滿分140分，考試時(shí)間為100分鐘。

2.所有的試題都必須在"答題紙"上作答。在試卷或草稿紙上答題無(wú)效。

第I卷（選擇題，共80分）

一、聽(tīng)力（共20小題;每小題1分，滿分20分）

第一部分聽(tīng)對(duì)話回答問(wèn)題

本部分共有10小題，每小題你將聽(tīng)到一段對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話聽(tīng)兩遍。在聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話前，你將

有5秒鐘時(shí)間閱讀題目;聽(tīng)完后，你將有5秒鐘的時(shí)間選擇你認(rèn)為最合適的答案。

1.Howdidshegotoschool?

2.WhendidthewomanvisitParis?

4.Whatwildanimalsaretheytalkingabout?

5.Whorunsthefastest?

A.Tom.B.Lucy.C.Kate.

6.WhatwillDavidbuyfbrLisa'sbirthday?

A.Abirthdaycard.B.Abirthdaycake.C.Abook

7.WhendoesJim*sbirthdaypartybegin?

A.At5:00.B.At5:30.C.At4:30.

8.Wherearetheytalking?

A.Inabookshop.B.Inashoeshop.C.Inaclothesshop.

9.Whatdidthemanmean?

A.Hedidn*tliketheweatherthere.

B.Heenjoyednothing.

C.Helikedtheweatherthere.

10.Whydidn'tthewomangetintoZhaLongNatureReserve?

A.Becauseshearrivedtheretooearly.

B.Becausethemapshowedthewrongway.

C.Becauseshedidn'tgettherebeforeitclosed.

第二部分聽(tīng)對(duì)話和短文回答問(wèn)題

你將聽(tīng)到一段對(duì)話和兩篇短文，各聽(tīng)兩遍。在聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或短文前，你將有時(shí)同閱讀相關(guān)

小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，每小題你仍有5秒鐘的時(shí)間選擇你認(rèn)為最合適的備選答案。

聽(tīng)一段對(duì)話，回答第n至12小題。

11.Howwilltheweatherbetomorrow?

A.Cloudy.B.RainyC.Windy.

12.Whatwilltheboyprobablydotomorrow?

A.Haveapicnic.B.Playthepiano.C.Readbooks.

聽(tīng)第一篇短文，回答第13.15小題

Keepgoodeyesight

FirstAfteryouhavestudied13________orso,havearestbylookinginthelongdistance.

SecondDon'treadinthesunorinapoorlight.Don*treadinbedorinamovingbus,andkeep

thebookawayfromyoureyesfbrabouta14_______.

ThirdDo15_________everyday.

13.A.halfanhourB.anhourC.twohours

14.A.mileB.footC.meter

15.A.eye-exercisesB.exercisesC.morning-exercises

聽(tīng)第二篇短文，回答第16至20小題。

16.Whatisthenewsabout?

A.Atrafficaccident.B.Thebadweather.C.Aschoolbus.

17.Whathappenedtotheschoolbus?

A.Itcaughtfire.B.Itdidn*twork.C.Atruckhitit.

18.Whogotbadlyhurt?

A.15girlsfromMaryGirls*School.

B.Thebusdriverand15students.

C.Thetruckdriverand15students.

19.Whatdidthepolicetelldriverstodo?

A.Todrivemorecarefully.

B.Todrivefastontheroad.

C.Tobecarefulaboutthestudents.

20.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothepassage?

A.Theweatherwillbebadforsomedays.

B.Thetruckdriverdrankandcausedtheaccident.

C.Youcangetmoreinformationfrom11o*clocknews.

二、單項(xiàng)選擇（共15小題；每小題1分，計(jì)15分）

從下列各題A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)能填入題干空白處的最佳答案。

21.一IthinkEnglishisunimportantsubject.

一Idon'tthinkso.Itisusefultoolwhenwetalkwithforeigners.

A.a;anB.an;aC.a;aD.an;an

22.Tonywillbecomewhenhegrowsup.

A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest

23.一Idon'tknowhowtousethismachine.

—Itdoesn*tmatter.Youcanreadthe.

A.instructionsB.competitionsC.informationD.advertisement

24.——Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisafternoon,Anna?

一Itbefine.Butwhoknows?It'salwayschangingquickly.

A.mustB.willC.needD.may

25.一Yourhandwritingisbeautiful!

一Thankyou.Iwritethanbefore.

A.carefulB.morecarefulC.morecarefullyD.carefully

26.You'dbetterallthemainlanguagepointsinyournotebook.

A.turndownB.writedownC.cutdownD.comedown

27.TheInternetwillgowrongifpeopledownload（下載）programmesatthesametime.

A.tenmillionofB.millionofC.millionsofD.tenmillionsof

28.一Youhurtyourrightleg?Howdidthathappen?

一Badluck!Iwaswalkingalongtheroadane-bikehitmefrombehind.

A.whenB.whileC.asD.before

29.—Ihatemyschoolwork.It*stoohard.AndI'mjustnotassmartasyouormom.

—,youhaveahigherIQ.Youjustneedtokickyourlaziness,Dan.

A.FirstofallB.ForexampleC.AsaresultD.Infact

30.——CouldyouhelpussomeChristmaslights,Jimmy?

一Noproblem.It*sagoodideatosetanexcitingfeelingwithcoloredlights.

A.putupB.putawayC.putinD.putout

31.Ourteacheroftenadvisesushomeworkalone.

A.finishingB.finishC.tofinishingD.tofinish

32.ThesentencestructureofnWethinkJohnthebeststudent.nis.

A.S+V+DOB.S+V+IO+DOC.S+V+DO+OCD.S+V+P

33.—Tmreallysorrytoknowthatpeoplefishtooofteninthisarea.

—Yes.Thismeanssomerarebirdswillhave.

A.lessandlessB.fewerandfewerC.biggerandbiggerD.moreandmore

34.一Whatwereyoudoingatthistimeyesterday?

一Weintheoffice.

A.workB.wasworkingC.wereworkingD.areworking

35.—WearegoingtohaveapicnicinShanghaiBotanicalGardenthisSunday.

A.You'rewelcome.B.Enjoyyourtimethere.

C.Thafsallright.D.It*shardtosay.

三、完形填空（共15小題;每小題1分，計(jì)15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。

Iwasalways36andhadtoomanythingstodo.Whenevermydaughtercausedmetochange

myplans,Ithoughttomyself,MWedon*thavetime37this.MSothetwowords1alwayssaidtoher

were:38.

Theotherday,thetwoofusrodetoa39nearourhome.AftershoppingIboughtheranice

cream,andshesatdown40atablehappilyadmiringtheicecreaminherhand.Suddenlya41

lookappearedonherface.nDoIhavetoeatitupinahurry,Mum?"

Inearlycriedwhenhearingthis——thepainsofahurriedlifeinfluenced（影響）mypoorgirlso

deeply!Asshelookedatmewaitingtoknowifshecould42hertime.IknewIhadtomakea43.I

thoughtofthetimeswhenI44mychildthroughlife,Ibeganwonderingwhatreallymatters（要

緊）inlife...

“Youdon'thaveto45.Justenjoyit."Isaidgently.Herwholefacebrightenedandher

shouldersrelaxed.Wesatsidebyside46thingsthatinterestedus.

Whenshegottothelastbite,shehelditouttome,'T47thelastbitefbryou,Mum,ushesaid

48.Astheicytasteputoutmythirst,IrealizedIjustgotthepresentofalifetime.I49mychilda

littletime...andinreturn,shegavemeherlastbiteandreminded（提醒）methatthingstaste

sweeterandloveis50togetwhenyoustoprushingthroughlife.

36.A.happyB.sadC.busyD.free

37.A.toB.forC.withD.about

38.A.KeepquietB.TakecareC.HurryupD.Workhard

39.A.stationB.schoolC.officeD.supennarket

40.A.onB.besideC.atD.near

41.A.worriedB.tiredC.excitedD.surprised

42.A.wasteB.takeC.costD.pay

43.A.markB.plansC.wishD.choice

44.A.rushedB.walkedC.sangD.danced

45.A.slowB.busyC.hurryD.fear

46.A.talkingaboutB.lookingafterC.lookingforD.talkingto

47.A.boughtB.carriedC.savedD.tasted

48,A.happilyB.quietlyC.sadlyD.patiently

49.A.caughtB.gaveC.madeD.taught

50.A.easyB.hardC.easierD.harder

四、閱讀理解（共15小題;每小題2分，計(jì)30分）

閱讀下列內(nèi)容，從每小題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。

A

YoungHeroesforthePlanet

Nowadays,peoplearoundtheworldareworkingtohelpourplanet.Checkouthowthefour

youngadultsmadeadifference.

SavingPandas

WhenJackwas11,hestartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas.Healsosolda

￡c

toypandastoraisemoneytoprotectpandasindanger.MIhopetoencouragemore

peopletocareaboutpandas,nJacksays.

GrowingRight

Kathy,14,setupanorganizationtoeducatepeopleaboutgrowingrightplantin?1

y-

rightplaces.Shealsowroteabooktohelppeoplelearnwhatplantsarenativeto'1

（本土的）theirarea.,

CreatingEnergy

Attheageof12LindainventedamachinecalledSuperE.Itcollectsheatfrom

fieldstomakeelectricity（電），Lindasaysherinventioncreateselectricityinaway,‘

thatislessharmfultotheenvironment.1

CleaningUp

Patrick,13,joinedtheOceanHeroesCamplastyear.Hestartedaprojectand

pickedupplasticwastearoundnearbylakeswithhisfriends.Thegoaloftheproject

wastofightplasticpollution.

51.Whostartedagrouptoteachkidsaboutpandas?

A.Jack.B.Kathy.C.Linda.D.Patrick.

52.HowoldwasLindawhensheinventedSuperE?

A.11.B.12.C.13.D.14.

53.WhatwasthegoalofPatrick'sproject?

A.Tofightplasticpollution.B.Toprotectpandasindanger

C.Tolearnaboutnativeplants.D.Touseheattomakeelectricity.

B

PmverythankfultothecatanditalwaysmakesmethinkofthetimeIwaswithhim.Five

yearsago,whenmyfatherwasdying,Itravelledathousandmilesfromhometobewithhimin

hislastdays.Ifeltverysadanditwasoneofthemostdifficultandpainfultimesinmylife.

Afterhepassedaway,Istayedaloneinhisflat.Thereweresomanythingstodealwith.Iwas

lonelyandIhatedthesilenceoftheflat.

Butoneeveningthesilence（寂靜）wasbroken：1heardcryingoutside.Iopenedthedoorto

findalittlecatonthesteps.Hewasthinandpoor.HelookedthewayIfelt.Ibroughthiminside

andgavehimacanoffish.Heateitandthenalmostimmediatelyfellasleep.

ThenextmorningIcheckedwithneighborsandlearnedthatthecathadbeenleftbyhis

owner.Hisownerhadmovedout,sothelittlecatwasthereallalone,justlikeIwas.AsIwalked

backtotheflat,Itriedtoworkoutwhattodowithhim.Havingsomethingelsetotakecareof

seemedliketheverylastthingIneeded.ButassoonasIopenedtheflatdoor,herantomeand

jumpedintomyarms.Itwasclearfromthatmomentthathedidn'twanttogoanywhere.Istarted

callinghimWillisinordertoremembermyfather'sbestfriend.

Fromthenon,thingsgreweasier.WithWillisinmylap,timeseemedtopassmuchfaster.

Whenthetimefinallycameformetoreturnhome,IhadtodecidewhattodoaboutWillis.There

wasabsolutelynowayIwouldleavewithouthim.

It*sbeenfiveyearssincemyfatherdied.Overtheyears,severalpeoplehavesaidhowniceit

wasofmetorescue（營(yíng)救）thecat.ButIknowthatwerescuedeachother.Imayhavegivenhim

ahomebuthegavemesomethinggreater.

54.Assoonasthewritersawthecat,she.

A.hadpityonhimB.showednointerestinhim

C.feltveryafraidD.feltangrywithhiscrying

55.Thecatrescuedthewriterby.

A.tellingherwhatreallifewasB.helpinghertidytheflateveryday

C.helpingherfinishthetasksontimeD.makingherfeelbetterinherhardtimes

56.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Thecatdidn*tlikestayinginthewriter'sflat.

B.Thewriterandthecatwerebothhomeless.

C.Williswasalsothenameofthewriter'sfather'sfriend.

D.Thecatwasleftbyhisownerbecauseofanaccident.

57.Whafsthebesttitlefbrthepassage?

A.Alovelycat.B.Myfatherandacat.

C.WhatIgotfromacat.D.Howtotakecareofacat.

C

Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplerealizetheimportanceofhavingahealthyeatinghabit.As

weknow,thedailyfoodweeataffectsusindifferentways.Sometimes,peoplearenotclearabout

whatkindoffoodishealthyornot.TheUSDAhaspreparedafoodguide(指南)tohelppeople

learnaboutwhichkindoffoodisthehealthiesttoeat.Thefoodguidedescribessixmainfood

groups:meat(likefishandchicken),dairy(likemilkandcheese),grains(likebreadandrice),fruit,

andvegetables.Thelastgroupisfatsandsweets.ThoughthisguidewasfromtheUSgovernment,

itisalsoveryusefulfbrpeopleinothercountries.

Theresultofthestudyshowsthattoomuchanimalfatdoeshanntoourhealth.Forexample,

IntheUSA,peopleeatalotofmeatandonlyasmallamountofgrains,fruitandvegetables.Asa

result,theyhaveahighrate(率)ofcancer(癌癥)andheartdisease.Japanesepeopleeatlarge

amountsofgrainsandverylittlemeat.TheJapaneselivelongerthananyoneelseintheworld.

However,whenJapanesepeoplemovetotheUS,therateofheartdiseaseandcancerrisesastheir

eatinghabitchanges.Andashamburgersandotherhigh-fatfoodsbecomepopularinJapan,the

rateofheartdiseaseandcancerisrisingthereaswell.Peoplearealsoeatingmoremeatanddairy

foodinothercountries,inwhichthediseaserateisrisingalongwiththechangeofthewaypeople

eat.Doctorssuggestpeopleeatmoregrains,fruitandvegetablesandlessmeatanddairyfood.Itis

importantfbrchildrentoeathealthilyaswellastheirparents.Whenparentshavepooreating

habits,theirchildrenusuallydo,too.Afterall,childreneatthesamewayastheirparents.When

parentseathealthyfood,thechildrenwilllearntoenjoyit,too.Thentheywilldevelopgood

eatinghabitseasily.

58.Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyoureadthepassage?

A.Healthandsport.B.Historyandculture.

C.Scienceandtechnology.D.Societyandnature.

59.Paragraph2mainlytellsusthat.

A.JapanesearealwayshealthierthanAmericans

B.livingintheUSisnotgoodforpeople'shealth

C.ifyoueattoomuchfatyouwillhavecancer

D.thewayweeatmaycausesomehealthproblems

60.WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUE?

A.Parents*eatinghabitsareimportanttotheirchildren.

B.ThefoodguidebytheUSDAisonlyfitforpeopleintheUSA.

C.Eatingamountofgrainscanmakeyouhavehighrateofcancer.

D.Japanesepeoplealwaysknowhowtoeathealthilywhentheyareabroad.

61.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Thehealthylifestylearoundtheworld.B.CancerandheartdiseaseintheUS.

C.Ahealthyfoodguidetotheworld.D.Keepawayfromhigh-fatfoods.

D

VerysoonafterRobertawrotetotheoldgentleman,thethreechildrenwerewalkingthrough

thetunnelwhentheyheardacry.

Thechildrenrandeeperintothetunnel.Beforelong,theyfoundaboy.Hewaslyingonthe

ground.

"Whathappened?"Robertaaskedhim.

'TmJim.IwaswalkingthroughthetunnelwhenItripped.IthinkI'vebrokenmyleg.n,,The

11:15trainisduesoon,HPetersaid.MWemustgetyououtofhere.M

nPvebeenherefortwohours,"theboysaid."Iwasonmywaytothestationtocatchthetrain.

ICsquickerthroughthetunnelthanalongtheroad.n

nIfsalsomoredangerous,nRobertasaid.

Petersaid.nWe*vegottogetyouout.nThenPeterandPhyllishelpedJimup.Itwasadifficult

journey,butthechildrengottherebeforethe11:15traindid.Finally,asignalmanhelpedthemand

tookJimtoPeter'shome.

MothercalledforadoctorandhelpedJimrest.ThedoctorsaidJimneededtostayinbedfbr

atleastamonth.MotherwrotealettertoJim*sgrandfather.Shegavethelettertothedoctor,who

promisedtopostit.

"Canhestaywithus?”Petersaid."We'dlovetohaveafriendourownage.""Sure,"said

Mother.

Afewdayslater,Jim*sgrandfathercametotakeJimhome.Thechildrenweresurprisedto

seehim.nYou,reouroldgentleman!ntheyexclaimed.

"That'sright,nhesaid.nAndIgotyourletter,Roberta.,,nWhatletter?nMotherdemanded

"Robertawrotetomeaboutherfather,ntheoldgentlemansaid."Iwasnotsurprisedbywhat

shesaid.Ihavethoughtforalongtimethathewasinnocent.Itwasnotpossiblethataguilty（有

罪的）mancouldhavesuchwonderfulchildren.IthinkIcanhelpyou.Yourfatherwillsoonbefee

again.n

Twoweekslater,Fathercamebackhome.

-TakenfromTheRailwayChildren

62.WhichofthefollowingwordbestdescribesPeterinthepassage?

A.Helpful.B.Humorous.C.good-looking.D.Careless.

63.WhywasJiminthetunnel?

A.Hewantedtolookforthesignalman.

B.Itwasafasterwaytogettothestation

C.Hewastryingtopicksomewildcherries.

D.Hejumpedoffatrain.

64.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"innocent”meanaccordingtothepassage?

A.自私的B.無(wú)情的C.貪婪的D.無(wú)辜的

65.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Jimneededtostayinbedfbratleast2weeks.

B.Peterwrotealettertotheoldgentleman.

C.PeteraskedhismothertoletJimstaywiththem.

D.Jim'sgrandfatherdidn'thelpthechildren.

第n卷（非選擇題，共60分）

五、詞匯運(yùn)用（共10小題;每小題1分，計(jì)10分）

根據(jù)句子意思，用括號(hào)中所給漢語(yǔ)提示或英語(yǔ)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（每空一詞）

66.He（搖動(dòng)）thebottlehardtoseeiftherewasanywaterinside.

67.Pleasekeepthe（秘密）forme.Don'ttellthemtoanyoneelse.

68.The（突然的）heavyrainstoppedusfromhavingapicnic.

69.PeopleinthesouthofChinalive（主要地）onrice.

70.MrsYang's（微笑）eyesoftenmakemefeelwarm.

71.Therearemanyplacesof（interesting）inChina.

72.Atweekends,weliketogetclosetothe（nature）world.

73.Didyouenjoy（you）atthepartyyesterday,boysandgirls?

74.Theradiosaysitwillbe（snow）heretomorrow.

75.（sad）,manywildanimalslosttheirlivesbecauseofpeople.

六、閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題，每小題2分，計(jì)10分）

認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題（每題回答字?jǐn)?shù)不超過(guò)7個(gè)詞）。

Anagedmanlivedinanicevillagewithalargegarden.Peopleoftensawhimlookingafter

hisflowersallthetime.

Onedayayoungpainterwentbythisgarden.Hewasattracted（吸弓I）bythebeautiful

flowers.Thensuddenlyhefoundtheoldgardenerwasn'tabletosee.

Thepainteraskedinsurprise,"Whyareyoubusylookingaftertheseflowerswhichyoucan't

See?”

Thegardenersmiled,answering,"Icantellyouthereasons.First,IwasagardenerwhenI

wasyoung,andIlikethisjob.Second,althoughIcan'tseetheseflowers.Icantouchthem.Third,

Icansmellthesweetnessofthem.Astothelastone,thafsyou."

"Me?Butyoudon'tknowme.n

“Yeah,it*struethatIdon*tknowyou.Iknowmanypeoplewhoshowenthusiasm（熱情）in

lifewouldstopbyandthebeautyofmygardenwillgetthemintoagoodfeeling.Atthesametime,

italsogivesachancetometohaveawordwithyouhere,andtoenjoythehappinessthese

flowershavebroughtus.”

Ibelieveeveryflowerhaseyeswithwhichtheycanseethekindnessoftheoldman'sheart

andthesweetnessofhissoul（靈魂）.Hegrowsflowersinhisheart.Althoughhecouldn'tseethe

beautyofblossoming（開(kāi)花），hesurelycanhearthevoiceofit.76.Wasthegardenerabletosee?

77.Whydidtheyoungpainterstop?

78.Howmanyreasonsdidthegardenergive?

79.Whatdidthebeautyoftheoldman'sgardengetpeopleinto?

80.Whatdoyouthinkofthegardener?

七、缺詞填空（共10空;每空1分，計(jì)10分）

Myfirsthomewasabeautifulmeadowwithapondofclearwater.Ourmaster,FarmerGrey

Hewasakindman.MymotherandIhadah81life.Sheworkedduringtheday.Iplayedwith

theotheryounghorsesandhadgreatfun.

Oneday,mymastersoldmetoSquireGordon.Helivedwithhisfamilyinabighouse.

“You'reab82horse,hesaid.HYouhaveabeautifulblackcoat.IshallcallyouBlackBeauty,

ii

Ilearnedtoc83mymasteronmybackandpullacoach.Ilearnedtowearreins（纜

繩）andabitinmymouth,Ididnotlikethembutalltheh84hadtowearthem.

MymasterhadanotherhorsecalledGinger.Shewasu_85Shebitandkickedpeople.

GingerandIpulledacoach（四輪馬車）together.Webecamefriends.Gingertoldmeabouther1

86whenshewasyoung.Hermasterwasnotkindtoher.SquireGordonandhismenfeltsorry

forGinger.Theywerealwayskingtoher.Shes87bitingandkickingpeople.Shebecamea

happyhorse.

Onedayinautumn,Mr.GordonandJohnwentonalongJourney,andIpulledthecoach.

Theweatherwasrainyandwindy.Theycouldnots88wellintherain.WecametoabridgeI

stopped.''Somethingisw89nIthought.Mr.GordonandJohnwantedmetogoontothe

bridge.ButIdidnotm90.Justthenamansawus."Heythere!Stop!Thebridgeisbrokenin

themiddle,nhecried.

"Thankyou,Beauty!Htheysaid.

-TakenfromBlackBeauty

八、書(shū)面表達(dá)（計(jì)30分）

A）句子翻譯（共5小題;每小題2分，計(jì)10分）

91.我的父母總是耐心傾聽(tīng)我的煩惱，并主動(dòng)給予我?guī)椭?/p>

92.我們必須采取行動(dòng)來(lái)阻止他犯錯(cuò)誤。

93.為了不吵醒他，我調(diào)低了收音機(jī)。

94.當(dāng)我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)那美妙音樂(lè)時(shí)，我感到難以置信。

95.打雪仗和堆雪人是令人興奮的事。

B)96.作文(20分)

請(qǐng)根據(jù)下方表格的提示，寫(xiě)一封推薦信，加入其中一個(gè)俱樂(lè)部，以便更好的貢獻(xiàn)自己的

力量。

NewMembersWanted!

Supportourworkbybecomingamember

SunshineMiddleSchoolislookingfornewmemberstojoinAnimalClub,NatureClubandDIY

Club.AndyouhavetheideaofjoiningjustONEclub.Youneedtomakeachoiceandthenwrite

anapplicationletterto