Unit1知識點講解（原卷版）

Unit1單詞詞組短語知識點講解1．了解本單元的單詞和詞組等重要語言點。2．可以根據(jù)本節(jié)課的內(nèi)容來完成一些習(xí)題。1.crucial[?kru??l]adj.

至關(guān)重要的;關(guān)鍵性的教材P2》Thisyear'sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.今年的諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎授予了屠呦呦（共同獲獎?wù)撸?她的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素，這是一種治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵新藥物。歸納拓展becrucialto對……至關(guān)重要playacrucialrole/partinsth.在……（方面）起關(guān)鍵作用beofcrucialimportance非常重要acrucialperiod關(guān)鍵時期根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)你的意見對這個計劃至關(guān)重要。Youropinion_________________________theplan.(2)在孩子們適齡時為他們提供應(yīng)有的教育至關(guān)重要。__________________________toprovidethechildrenwithefficienteducationsuitabletotheirage.(3)Thesupportofourfans_________________ourwinningtheSuperCup.球迷的支持對我們贏得超級杯非常關(guān)鍵。2.vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria...青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分……歸納拓展bevitalto/forsb./sth.…對……是極為重要的bevitaltodosth.做某事是極為重要的Itisvitalthat…(should)do…做……是極為重要的/生死攸關(guān)的“虛擬語氣”知多少Itisvitalthat...句式中,that從句需用虛擬語氣,即should+do,should可以省略。類似的句式還有:Itis/wasnecessary/natural/important/strange/essentialthat...[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Considerationforotherpeopleisvitalallofus.②It'svitalthatwe(carry)outtheoperationimmediately.③旅游業(yè)對西班牙經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。TourismtotheSpanishmitvt.承諾；保證(某個人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China，on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位堅定而有耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。經(jīng)典例句Unfortunately,althoughVanGoghcommittedhiswholebeingtopainting,hereceivedlittlerewardforhiseffort.遺憾的是,盡管梵高全身心地投入繪畫,但他努力所得到的回報卻微乎其微。Alotofthecrimeiscommittedbyaddictswhoneedmoneyfordrugs.許多犯罪都是由需要錢買毒品的癮君子導(dǎo)致的。Youdon’thavetocommityourselftohelp/helpingmeatthisstage.在這個階段你不必向我承諾幫助我。Youshouldcommitthemessagetomemory.你應(yīng)當(dāng)把這條消息記住。[知識拓展](1)commit...to 把……送交/托付給……； 對……作出承諾，承擔(dān)義務(wù)， 擔(dān)負(fù)責(zé)任；使(自己)致力于……commitoneselftodo/todoing... 承諾；保證做……commitacrime 犯罪(2)committedadj. 盡心盡力的；堅定的；堅信的commitmentn. 承諾；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子(1)AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe___________________(commit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.(2)Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedto_____________________(practice)it.(3)Headmitsthatrecentlyhehasbecomeaddictedto__________________(play)onlinegames.(4)Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimeto______________________(help)othersrebuildhomes.4.objective目標(biāo)，目的adj.客觀的教材P2》In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支以探索治療瘧疾新方法為目的的科學(xué)家隊伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員?！镜湫屠洹?2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience.大多數(shù)演講的主題是對觀眾們有益的。Mymotherobjectedtomytakingpartintheclub.我媽媽反對我參加這個俱樂部。Idohaveanobjectiontocarryingouttheplandiscussedatthemeetingatonce.我的確反對立即實施會上討論的這個計劃。Mostpeopleatthemeetingraisedanobjectiontothenewlaw.(話題典句)會上大部分人對新法律提出了異議。用法詳解subjectiveadj.主觀的objectivelyadv.客觀地object物體，物品；目標(biāo)，目的，宗旨;賓語vi.反對，不贊成objection反對，不贊成objecttodoingsth反對某事“動詞+介詞to”短語知多少stickto堅持leadto 導(dǎo)致;造成getusedto 習(xí)慣于be/becomeaddictedto 沉溺于be/becomeaccustomedto 習(xí)慣于getdownto 開始認(rèn)真做某事(1)Wesimplywanttoinformpeople_________________(objective)oftheevents.(2)Themethodofanalysismustbeobjective___________________evaluatingaccidentrate.(1)我們的主要目標(biāo)是讓這個孩子安然無恙地恢復(fù)健康。______________________wastherecoveryofthechildsafeandwell.(2)我認(rèn)為一名記者應(yīng)該完全客觀。Ibelievethatajournalist_____________________.5.evaluatevt.評價；評估Herteamexaminedover2，000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280，000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的團(tuán)隊查看了2000多本古老的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)，并對28萬種植物的藥用性能進(jìn)行了評估?！镜湫屠洹縄can'tevaluatehisabilitywithoutseeinghiswork.沒看到他的工作情況，我無法評估他的能力。Weneedtoevaluatehowwellthemethodisworking.我們需要評估這一方法產(chǎn)生的效果。[知識拓展] 根據(jù)……評價某人(2)evaluationn. 估計；評價makeanevaluationof 對……進(jìn)行評估[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Wemustevaluateherabilityherwork.②Wemust(evaluate)theconsequencescausedbythefire.＝Wemustmakean(evaluate)oftheconsequencescausedbythefire.③這項證據(jù)應(yīng)當(dāng)仔細(xì)地評定。Theevidenceshould．6.obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行【典型例句】Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.(教材典句)他們?nèi)缓髧L試煮新鮮的青蒿,用從中取得的液體來治療瘧疾,但這也沒有效果。(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)Becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed.因為這意味著我們有機(jī)會獲得關(guān)于月球如何構(gòu)造的信息。Thesenationalparksobtainedfinancialsupportfromtouristcompanies.這些國家公園得到了旅游公司的財力支持。ButLaurent’sfather,AlexanderSimons,repeatedhiswishthathissonshouldobtainhisbachelordegreeattheageof9.(時事典句)但勞倫特的父親亞歷山大·西蒙斯反復(fù)重申他的意愿,希望兒子在9歲時拿到學(xué)士學(xué)位。Ihaven’tbeenabletoobtainthatbook.我還沒能得到那本書。[知識拓展]obtainknowledge/one'sdegree 獲得知識/學(xué)位obtainsb.sth.＝obtainsth.forsb. 給某人帶來某物obtainsth.bydoingsth. 通過做某事獲得某物obtainable(正式）adj.可獲得的，能得到的obtainsth.fromsb./sth. 從某人/物獲得某物[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子(1)Thelongerthissituation______________(obtain),themoreextensivetheproblemsbecome.(2)_________________(obtain)herdegree,sheanswered81questionsonover10papers.(3)I'mafraidthattherecordyouaskedforisnolonger________________(obtain).7.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝(教材P2)However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失敗?！镜湫屠洹?2019·全國卷Ⅱ)HeryearsofhardworkhavefinallybeenacknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire’sWomanOfTheYear.有一位顧客提名她為“柴郡年度女性”之后,她多年的努力工作終于得到了認(rèn)可。Heacknowledgeddonating/havingdonatedagreatdealofmoneytothefloodedarea.他承認(rèn)給洪災(zāi)地區(qū)捐了很多錢。Weallacknowledgehimas/tobethebestleader.我們都承認(rèn)他是最好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。Sheacknowledgedthatshehadmadeamistake.她承認(rèn)犯了錯誤?！局R拓展】acknowledge...tobe/as...承認(rèn)......是/為......beacknowledgedtobe/as...被認(rèn)為是......Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat...普遍認(rèn)為……acknowledgementn.承認(rèn)；致謝，鳴謝[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Sheisacknowledged(be)oneofthebestsingersintheworld.②Withnosolidevidence,herefusedtoacknowledge(steal)thelady'spurse.③Iwassentafreecopyin(acknowledge)ofmycontribution.④Peoplewidelyacknowledgethatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.→studentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallqualities.根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子(1)沒有確鑿的證據(jù)，他拒絕承認(rèn)偷了那位女士的錢包。Withnosolidevidence,herefusedto_________________________thelady'spurse.(2)普京被廣泛地認(rèn)為是全世界一位杰出的政治人物。Putin___________________________anoutstandingpoliticalfigureallovertheworld.8.concludevt.推斷出；得出結(jié)論；使結(jié)束vi.結(jié)束；終止【典型例句】Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.(教材典句)她推斷出煮青蒿很明顯破壞了它的醫(yī)療特性。Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.他從他們的話語中推斷出他們不贊同此項計劃。Sheconcludedajudgementfromtheexperiment.她從實驗中得出一個判斷。Heconcludedhisclasswithafunnystory.他以一個有趣的故事結(jié)束了他的課。TheyconcludedthebirthdaypartybysingingthesongHappyBirthdayToYou.他們以唱《祝你生日快樂》這首歌結(jié)束了生日聚會。[知識拓展]concludefrom...從……中推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)論；推論draw/reach/cometo/leadtoaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后；總之conclusiveadj.結(jié)論性的，有說服力的[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinal(conclude).②conclusion,IwouldliketosaythefilmBorninChinaisworthseeing.③Sheconcludedherperformanceapoem.④Whatcanweconcludetheconversation?9.insiston堅決要求(教材P3)TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊成員甚至堅持在他們自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的?！镜湫屠洹縎incetheyinsistongoing,we’llsimplypushtheboatwiththecurrentandletthemgowithus.既然他們堅持要去,干脆我們就順?biāo)浦?讓他們一同去。(2019·天津高考)Youshouldrespecttheviewsofothers,andatthesametimeinsistonwhatyouthinkisright.你應(yīng)該尊重別人的觀點,同時堅持你認(rèn)為正確的。Thoughallhisfriendsblamedhim,heinsistedthathehaddonenothingwrong.盡管他所有的朋友都責(zé)備他,但他堅持認(rèn)為他沒做錯任何事。MymotherinsistedthatI(should)cleanmyroomfirst.媽媽要求我先把我的房間打掃干凈。歸納拓展insiston/uponsth.堅持某事insiston/upondoingsth.堅持要求（某人）做某事insist后接that從句時，有兩種情況：表示“堅持主張，堅決要求”時，從句的謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”，should可以省略。[即學(xué)即練]——單句語法填空/完成句子①Themanagerinsistedonthework(do)intwohours.②Heinsistedwalkingmetothestationtoseemeoff.③Heinsistedthattheproblem(discuss)atthemeeting.④她堅持立刻就走。Sheatonce.10.circumstanceThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.我們沒有辦法幫助琳達(dá)。她的情況我們無法控制。用法詳解circumstancen.[常用復(fù)數(shù)]條件；環(huán)境；狀況IknowIcantrustherinanycircumstance.我知道我在任何情況下都能信任她。Underthecircumstances,itseemedbetternottotellhimabouttheaccident.在這種情況下，不告訴他有關(guān)這次事故的情況似乎更好。Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.一個戰(zhàn)士在任何情況下都不應(yīng)該離開崗位。歸納拓展in/underthecircumstances在這種情況下；既然如此in/undernocircumstances無論如何都不；絕不（位于句首時，謂語動詞要部分倒裝）financial/social/personalcircumstances經(jīng)濟(jì)/社會/個人狀況1．Kate,___