江蘇省宿遷市高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試題

高二年級(jí)調(diào)研測(cè)試英語注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheweatherliketoday?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.2.Howoldisthemannow?A.Just20.B.About23.C.Nearly18.3.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates.B.Co-workers.C.Husbandandwife.4.Wherearethespeakers?A.Attheairport.B.Atawedding.C.Inaclothingshop.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Sports.B.Plans.C.Hobbies.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whichmoviewillthewomansee?A.Terminator4.B.TheSimpsons.C.AliceinWonderland.7.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.HewillwatchTheSimpsons.B.Hemetthewomansixweeksago.C.Heloveswatchingmovieswithhisfamily.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthestreet.B.Intheclassroom.C.Intheoffice.9.Whydoesthewomanlookupset?A.Shehasgotstuckintraffic.B.ShemissedherEnglishclass.C.Shefeltthatsomethingbadhadhappened.10.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthewoman'swords?A.Interested.B.Doubtful.C.Certain.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whowillpayforthemeal?A.Theman.B.Thewoman.C.GoDutch.12.Howmuchdothespeakersplantotip?A.$20.B.$9.C.$15.13.Whatdothespeakersthinkofthismeal?A.Justso-s0.B.Verysatisfactory.C.Quitedisappointing.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Howdoesthemansoundatfirst?A.Nervous.B.Confident.C.Surprised.15.Howlongdidthemanworkasadeliveryman?A.Halfayear.B.Ayear.C.Twoyears.16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thewomanlikestoeatpizza.B.Themanisuninterestedinhismajor.C.Thewomanwillbetheman'sleader.17.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Conductinganinterview.B.Talkingabouthowtofindajob.C.Discussingtheirworkexperience.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Howmanydriverscanfindplacestoparktheircarsinamedium-sizedcity?A.Around100,000.B.Around50,000.C.Around15,000.19.Whatisthepurposeofthe“Park&Ride”system?A.Toencouragepeopletousepublictransport.B.Tobuildmoreparkingareasinthecitycenter.C.Tochargelowerparkingfeesinthecitycenter.20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.HowtodealwithtrafficjamsinChina.B.HowtosolvetheparkingprobleminChina.C.HowtolimitthenumberofprivatecarlicensesinChina.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheBayAreaScienceFestivalisback!Goingintoits11thyear,thefestivalisofferingagreatmixofbothin-personandvirtualeventsforthecuriousofallages.Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregionalwildfires,thefestivalhasbeenmovedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21—intimetocelebrateEarthDayonFriday,April22—andrunthroughApril30.Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedtoenvironmentalscience.ChangingShorelinesApril25,2022,6p.m.—7p.m.Thisin-persontourandwalkthroughthehistoryofsouthSanFrancisco’sshorelinewillbeanexplorationofhowbothclimatechangeandsea-levelrisehaveaffectedtheshiftsinourshorelines—andyou'lllearnaboutwaystoprotectthem.WildfirefromSpaceApril26,2022,7p.m.—8p.m.OurveryownKQEDevent,hostedbyRobertSimmonsfromPlanetLabs,offersvirtualandin-personopportunitiestolearnaboutwildfiresthroughsatelliteimagery.Seewildfiresfromspaceandlearnhowthelatestsatellitetechnologyhelpsagenciesandcommunitiesmanageemergencyresponseduringburns.VirtualTourofRecologyApril27,2022,1p.m.—2p.m.Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?ThisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthehistoryofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhatyoucandotocreatechangethathasimpact.GreywaterandWetlandsApril30,2022,2p.m.—4p.m.Thisin-persontouroftheEcoCenterwillexploreenvironmentaljusticethemesthroughthehistoryoftheBayview-HuntersPointneighborhood.You’lllearnhowashippingterminalbecamearestoredwetlandhabitat.Plus,you'llhaveachancetotransplantthenativesaltgrassthathelpsrestorewetlandsandprovideshabitatformigratingbirds.1.WhichofthefollowingisasuitabletimeforpeopletoattendtheScienceFestival?A.OnApril20. B.OnMay21.C.OnApril22. D.OnMay30.2.Ifyouareinterestedintherecyclingofhouseholdwaste,whicheventisthebestchoice?A.WildfirefromSpace. B.VirtualTourofRecology.C.ChangingShorelines. D.GreywaterandWetlands.3.Whatdothefoureventsatthefestivalhaveincommon?A.Theyareheldinthefallthisyear. B.Theyaredesignedforallteenagers.C.Theyarebothonlineandofflineactivities. D.Environmentalscienceisacommontheme.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹灣區(qū)科學(xué)節(jié)上的幾個(gè)與環(huán)境科學(xué)有關(guān)的活動(dòng)推薦?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Itpreviouslywasheldinthefall,butduetoregionalwildfires,thefestivalhasbeenmovedtothespringthisyearandwillbeginonThursday,April21—intimetocelebrateEarthDayonFriday,April22—andrunthroughApril30.”(之前的慶?；顒?dòng)是在秋天舉行的，但由于當(dāng)?shù)氐纳执蠡?，今年的慶祝活動(dòng)被推遲到了春季，并將于4月21日(星期四)開始，以及慶祝4月22日(星期五)的地球日，一直持續(xù)到4月30日。)可知，科學(xué)節(jié)從4月21日開始，一直持續(xù)到4月30日。所以4月22日適合人們參加科學(xué)節(jié)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)VirtualTourofRecology部分“Whathappenstotheitemsyouplaceinyourroadsidebins?ThisvirtualeventwillhelpyoulearnaboutthehistoryofRecology,whatittakestorecycleallthatstuff,andwhatyoucandotocreatechangethathasimpact.”(你放在路邊垃圾桶里的東西怎么辦？這個(gè)虛擬活動(dòng)將幫助你了解再生學(xué)的歷史，回收所有這些東西需要什么，以及你可以做什么來創(chuàng)造有影響力的改變。)可知，對(duì)循環(huán)再造家居廢物有興趣的人，可以參加這個(gè)活動(dòng)。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Hereareafewrecommendationsrelatedtoenvironmentalscience.”(這里有一些與環(huán)境科學(xué)有關(guān)的推薦。)可知，這4個(gè)活動(dòng)的共同特點(diǎn)是他們的主題都是環(huán)境科學(xué)。故選D。BAsthefifthofsevenchildren,Iwenttothesamepublicschoolasmythreeeldersistersandbrother.Everyyear,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviewswithteachers.Andeverychildparticipatedinanoldschooltradition—theannualplantsaleheldinearlyMay,justtimelyforMother’sDay.Whatwasdifferentwasthechild.ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,Iwantedtosurprisemymother.Forlackofenoughmoney,Iwenttomyeldestsisterandsharedmythought,afterwhichshesupportedmefinancially.Whenarrivingattheplantsale,Icarefullymademyselection,inspectingeachplantforthebestgeranium(天竺葵)andtakingithomeinsecret.WhenMother’sDayarrived,Irememberhowproudanddelightedmymotherwastoreceivethespecialgift.TheyearIwasfifteen,myyoungersisterreachedthirdgrade.InearlyMay,shecametomefullofwonderandsecrecyandtoldmethataplantsalewastobeheldatschool.Asmyeldersisterdidforme,Igavehersomemoneyandoffshewent.Shearrivedhomefullofnervousexcitement,thegeraniumhiddeninapaperbagunderhersweater.“Ilookedateveryplant,”sheexplained,“andIknowIgotthebestone!”Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideanddelight.Mymotheralsonoticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.Withatugatmyheart,Ismiledback.Ihadbeenwonderinghowmymothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwithdelightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewasnotpretending.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A.Oursiblingswerefromdifferentschools.BMotherrepeatedlywentforsimilarinterviews.C.Theannualplantsalewasintendedforrecreation.D.Theoldschooltraditionwasheldeveryotheryear.5.Whydidmymothergivemeasoft,secretsmile?A.Becauseshedidn’tlikethegiftatall.B.Becauseshewaspretendingtobehappy.C.BecausesheknewIgavemoneytomysister.D.Becauseshedidn’twantmetoletoutthesecret.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Reliable. B.Considerate.C.Honest D.Frank.7.What’sthesuitabletitleforthispassage?A.Secretsmile B.Mother’sDayC.Geraniumoflove D.Annualplantsale【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和妹妹不約而同準(zhǔn)備了天竺葵送給媽媽作為母親節(jié)禮物的暖心故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Everyyear,mymotherwenttothesameceremonyandhadparent-childinterviewswithteachers.(每年我媽媽都會(huì)去參加同一個(gè)儀式，和老師進(jìn)行親子訪談)”可知，每年媽媽都會(huì)去參加相似的親子訪談。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Whenshegavemymotherthegeranium,theywerebothburstingwithprideanddelight.Mymotheralsonoticedmeandgavemeasoft,secretsmile.(當(dāng)她把天竺葵送給母親時(shí)，她們倆都洋溢著驕傲和喜悅。我的母親也注意到了我，給了我一個(gè)溫柔的、秘密的微笑)”可推斷，作者的媽媽希望作者保守秘密，讓作者的妹妹覺得自己選的禮物是獨(dú)一無二的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“ThirdgradewasthefirsttimeIwasallowedtojoinintheplantsale.Originally,Iwantedtosurprisemymother.(三年級(jí)是我第一次被允許參加工廠銷售。本來，我想給我媽媽一個(gè)驚喜)”以及最后一段“Ihadbeenwonderinghowmymothercouldpretendtobesurprisedatthisgiftfromhersixthchild,butasIwatchedhereyeslightupwithdelightasshewaspresentedwiththatmostpreciousgift,Iknewshewasnotpretending.(我一直在想，我的母親如何能假裝對(duì)她第六個(gè)孩子送給她的禮物感到驚訝，但當(dāng)我看到她得到這份最珍貴的禮物時(shí)，她的眼睛里閃爍著喜悅的光芒，我知道她不是在假裝)”可推斷，作者是一個(gè)很體貼、善解人意的孩子。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了作者和妹妹不約而同準(zhǔn)備了天竺葵送給媽媽作為母親節(jié)禮物的暖心故事。整篇文章，天竺葵貫穿前后，代表了作者和妹妹對(duì)媽媽的愛，也寓意了媽媽對(duì)子女的愛護(hù)。由此可知，“Geraniumoflove(愛的天竺葵)”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C。CCampaignstoprotectthenaturalworldaregettingincreasinglyambitious.Butalthoughthereisconvincingevidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.Now,thefirstlargestudyofitskindshowsnaturereservescanincreasewaterbirdpopulations,buttypicallyonlyifhumanstakeanactiveroleintheirmanagement.Tounderstandtheimpactofnaturereserves,conservationscientistHannahWauchopedecidedtoanalyzepopulationsofwaterbirdspecies.First,theteamidentified1506protectedareasthathadpopulationdatafrombothbeforeandaftertheywerecreated.Then,theypairedeachreservewithoneormorecontrolsites—asimilarpatchofnearbyhabitat—thatwasunprotected.Thissetuphelpedtheresearchersunderstandhowtheprotectedareainfluencedbirdpopulations.Theresearchershadhopedtheanalysiswouldclearlyshowprotectedareasbenefitbirds.However,only27%ofwaterbirdpopulationsinprotectedareasincreasedafterthecreationofthereservewhile21%ofpopulationswerenegativelyimpacted,comparedwiththecontrolsites,afterareservewasestablished.Asilverliningisthatnearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsneithergrewnorshrank:Atleastthosepopulationswerestable.Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteamanalyzedmultiplefactors,ofwhichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedforwaterbirds.Thatcouldmeankeepingriversandlakesattherightlevelsfortheprotectedspecies,removinginvasiveweeds,orinstallingfencingtokeepoutinvasivepredators.“Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.”saysPaulFerraro,anenvironmentaleconomist.Inmanypolicycontexts,henotes,mostinterventionsworknobetterthanthestatusquo.However,thenewstudy’smixedresultsarewhatgoodscienceactuallylookslikeandweneedmorestudieslikethisone.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“scanty”probablymeaninthefirstparagraph?A.Believable. B.Solid. C.Insufficient. D.Conflicting.9.Whatcanweknowaboutnaturereservesfromparagraph3?A.Nearlyhalfofthewaterbirdpopulationsareinastablestate.B.Amajorityofthewaterbirdpopulationswerenegativelyaffected.CNaturereservesincreasedthewaterbirdpopulationsasexpected.D.Protectedareasmakemuchdifferencetothewaterbirdpopulations.10.Whichofthefollowingistheleadingcauseofthefailureofnaturereserves?A.Smallsize. B.Humanactivities.C.Invasiveweeds. D.Ineffectivemanagement.11.Whyaretheenvironmentaleconomist’swordsquoted?A.Toemphasizethevalueofthestudy. B.Toshowthedrawbacksofintervention.C.Toindicatethedifficultyofmorestudies. D.Toexpresssatisfactionaboutthestatusquo.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要講述建立自然保護(hù)區(qū)和人類的干預(yù)對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的影響。【8題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Butalthoughthereisconvincingevidencethatprotectedareaspreventhabitatloss,proofthattheyactuallybenefitwildlifeissurprisinglyscanty.”(但是，盡管有令人信服的證據(jù)表明，保護(hù)區(qū)可以防止棲息地的喪失，但是能證明保護(hù)區(qū)實(shí)際上有益于野生動(dòng)物的證據(jù)卻驚人地scanty。)可知，scanty是形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意思可知，2個(gè)小分句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折的關(guān)系，上文提到“有令人信服的證據(jù)”，下文就應(yīng)該是“能證明保護(hù)區(qū)實(shí)際上有益于野生動(dòng)物的證據(jù)是不足的”，這樣上下文才能構(gòu)成對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折，所以scanty的意思應(yīng)該是“不足的”，和選項(xiàng)C意思一致。故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Asilverliningisthatnearlyhalfthestudiedgroupsneithergrewnorshrank:Atleastthosepopulationswerestable.”(值得慶幸的是，幾乎一半的研究群體既沒有增長(zhǎng)也沒有減少：至少這些群體是穩(wěn)定的。)可知，幾乎一半的水鳥數(shù)量是處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的。故選A。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Tofigureoutwhatwasresponsibleforthepopulationgainsandlosses,theteamanalyzedmultiplefactors,ofwhichthemostimportantwaswhetherthesitewasspecificallymanagedforwaterbirds.”(為了弄清楚是什么導(dǎo)致了這些鳥的數(shù)量的增加和減少，研究小組分析了多種因素，其中最重要的是這個(gè)地方是否是專門為水鳥管理的。)可知，管理是決定鳥類數(shù)量的最重要因素，所以如果一個(gè)自然保護(hù)區(qū)失敗了，那么，最重要的原因應(yīng)該是管理不善。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Themodestsuccessoftheseprotectedareasmakessense.”saysPaulFerraro,anenvironmentaleconomist.”(“這些保護(hù)區(qū)的適度成功是有意義的?！杯h(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅·費(fèi)拉羅說。)可知，作者引用環(huán)境經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家保羅·費(fèi)拉羅的話，是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)研究的價(jià)值。故選A。DWelcometotheanti-climax,theoften-experiencedbutseldom-discusseddownsideofachievinglife’smilestones.Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingofhappinessiscalled“arrivalfallacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.It’safeelingthat’salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainanextraqualification,sheputincountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinsteadofcelebrationandpride,shefeelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsofdepressionandlowmood.Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyourmilestonesmaybealetdownwhenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,insteadofrushingforittobedone,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesarenevertrulydone,butconstantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.Wehavelotsofsteppingstonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou’vecomefromthefirstone,andlookforwardtothemanystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescanalsolessentheirimpact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe’dbetternormalizethem.Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,mindfullycherishthemoment,recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon’tfallintothefallacyofhaving“madeit”.Instead,you’llseethatyouarehappily“makingit”alongthejourneythatisanentirelifetime.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Thebelief. B.Achievingourgoal.C.Arrivalfallacy. D.Afeelingofhappiness.13.WhydoestheauthorcitetheexampleofKatieFord?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Todrawaconclusion. D.Tomakeaprediction.14.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Whetheryoufallvictimtoanti-climax.B.WhetheryouempathizewithKatieFord.C.Howyoucanprotectyourselffromanti-climax.D.Howyoucanidentifythesymptomsofanti-climax.15.What’sthepurposeofthisarticle?A.Tohelpushowtodealwithanti-climax.B.Tosetreadersthinkingaboutanti-climax.C.Toremindusofthedangerofanti-climax.D.Todiscussthenecessityofpreventinganti-climax.【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要告訴人們?cè)诜锤叱?、感到空虛時(shí)應(yīng)該如何面對(duì)和解決?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Inpsychology,thebeliefthatachievingourgoalwillbringusalastingfeelingofhappinessiscalled“arrivalfallacy”,whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.”(在心理學(xué)中，相信實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)會(huì)帶給我們持久的幸福感，這種信念被稱為“到達(dá)謬誤”，它在隨之而來的空虛感中扮演了重要角色。)分析可知，it指代上文提到的“實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”。whichplaysabigpartinthefeelingsofemptinessthatfollowit.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是arrivalfallacy，that引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾thefeelings,可以翻譯為：到達(dá)謬誤在跟隨實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)而來的空虛感中扮演了重要角色。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“It’safeelingthat’salltoofamiliarforKatieFord,aveterinarysurgeon.Togainanextraqualification,sheputincountlesshoursofstudyandmadelotsofsacrificesalongtheway,butnowinsteadofcelebrationandpride,shefeelsemptinessandconfusion,whichhavethepotentialtodevelopsymptomsofdepressionandlowmood.”(這種感覺對(duì)KatieFord來說再熟悉不過了，她是個(gè)獸醫(yī)。為了獲得一個(gè)額外的資格證書，她投入了無數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，一路上做出了很多犧牲，但現(xiàn)在，她感到的不是慶祝和驕傲，而是空虛和困惑，這有可能導(dǎo)致抑郁和反高潮的癥狀。)可知，這一段以KatieFord為例，是為了進(jìn)一步闡明第一段提到的“到達(dá)謬誤”這一概念。故選B。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Ifyoufindyourselfinasimilarsituationoryoususpectworkingtowardsyourmilestonesmaybealetdownwhenyoureachthefinishline,therearestepstohelpgetridofanti-climax.First,insteadofrushingforittobedone,slowdowntoenjoythedoing,andrememberthatlotsofthingsinourlivesarenevertrulydone,butconstantlyevolvejustlikewedo.Anothervitalstepisacknowledgingthesmallwins.Wehavelotsofsteppingstonestoabiggoaltopauseon,socelebratehowfaryou’vecomefromthefirstone,andlookforwardtothemanystonesinfront.Third,anticipatinganti-climaxesintheleaduptobigmilestonescanalsolessentheirimpact.Anti-climaxesarejustascommonaspost-holidayblues,sowe’dbetternormalizethem.”(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己處于類似的情況，或者你懷疑朝著里程碑前進(jìn)的過程可能會(huì)讓你在到達(dá)終點(diǎn)時(shí)感到失望，這里有一些步驟可以幫助你擺脫反高潮。首先，與其急著去做，不如慢下來享受做這件事的過程。記住，我們生活中的很多事情從來沒有真正完成過，而是像我們一樣不斷進(jìn)化。另一個(gè)重要的步驟是承認(rèn)小的勝利。我們有很多通向大目標(biāo)的墊腳石，可以停下來，所以慶祝你從第一個(gè)目標(biāo)走了多遠(yuǎn)，并期待前面的許多墊腳石。第三，在重要的里程碑之前預(yù)估反高潮也可以減少它們的影響。反高潮和節(jié)后抑郁一樣普遍，所以我們最好把它們常態(tài)化)可知，這一段主要介紹如何保護(hù)自己免受反高潮的影響。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Ratherthandownplayingyourmilestonesormovingstraighttothenext,mindfullycherishthemoment,recognizeyourprogressandrewardyourselfpositively.Thatway,youwon’tfallintothefallacyofhaving“madeit”.Instead,you’llseethatyouarehappily“makingit”alongthejourneythatisanentirelifetime.”(與其淡化你的里程碑或者直接進(jìn)入下一個(gè)階段，不如謹(jǐn)慎地珍惜當(dāng)下，認(rèn)識(shí)到你的進(jìn)步并且積極地獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己。這樣，你就不會(huì)陷入“成功”的謬論。相反，你會(huì)看到自己在一生的旅程中快樂地“成功”。)可知，作者寫這篇文章是為了幫助我們?nèi)绾谓鉀Q反高潮。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)，Whenheadingtobed,peopleoftendosomethingstopromotesleep,suchasdrinkingacupofwarmmilk.___16___Theanswerisvaried."Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,"saidpsychologistMichael.___17___Onthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan(色氨酸)inmilkhaspropertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.___18___Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemicalserotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.___19___That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwouldtakealotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.Evenifapersondrinksthatmuchmilk,it'sunclearwhetherthehighamountoftryptophanwouldbeenoughtomakehimorherfeelsleepy.Milk,afterall,containsmanyothermaterialsthatcompetetoenterourbrainthroughtheblood.Thus,thesleep-promotingeffectofmilkislimited.Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforanyofitspsychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.___20___Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.A.Thecalmingassociationmayhelptolowerpre-sleepanxiety.B.Intheory,takingfoodrichintryptophancanmakeusfeelsleepy.C.Thebodyneedsthetryptophaninthemilktocalmourselvesdown.D.Canthetemperatureofthemilkacceleratethespeedofoursleeping?E.Thebodycannotproducetryptophan,sopeoplemustgetitfromthediet.F.Butthewarmthofthemilkmayhelpraiseourinternalbodytemperatures.G.Butisthereanyscientificevidencethatdrinkingwarmmilkwillmakeyousleepy?【答案】16.G17.A18.E19.B20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要對(duì)睡前喝熱牛奶是否對(duì)睡眠有用進(jìn)行了解釋。文章指出，熱牛奶之所以對(duì)你睡眠有助一方面是因?yàn)樗屇阆肫鹪?jīng)給你熱牛奶的人，這有一定緩解焦慮的作用；另一方面是因?yàn)闊崤Ｄ汤锏纳彼嵋灿写龠M(jìn)睡眠的作用，但是實(shí)際情況來看，可能其效果有限。除此以外，牛奶的溫度從某種程度上也能讓你放松，從而睡個(gè)好覺?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Theanswerisvaried.(這個(gè)答案是多種多樣的。)”以及““Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,"saidpsychologistMichael.(心理學(xué)家邁克爾說:“熱牛奶讓人昏昏欲睡的一個(gè)原因是，它會(huì)讓你想起那個(gè)在你年輕時(shí)好心給你熱牛奶的人?！?”和“Onthemolecularlevel,thetryptophan（色氨酸）inmilkhaspropertieswhichcanpromotesleeping.(在分子水平上，色氨酸具有促進(jìn)睡眠的特性。)”可知，后文是對(duì)選項(xiàng)所提出的一個(gè)問題進(jìn)行回答，該問題跟后文所提到的內(nèi)容相關(guān)，故選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為一個(gè)疑問句。選項(xiàng)G中的“scientificevidence”對(duì)應(yīng)后文中的“Onthemolecularlevel”，而選項(xiàng)中的makeyousleepy在后文又被提到，兩者互相照應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文“'Onereasonthatwarmmilkmakespeoplesleepyisthatitremindsyouofthepersonwhowaskindenoughtogiveittoyouwhenyouwereyounger,'saidpsychologistMichael.(心理學(xué)家邁克爾說:“熱牛奶讓人昏昏欲睡的一個(gè)原因是，它會(huì)讓你想起那個(gè)在你年輕時(shí)好心給你熱牛奶的人?！?”可知，熱牛奶讓人想起曾經(jīng)給自己溫暖的人，使人內(nèi)心感動(dòng)，這種聯(lián)系能減緩睡前焦慮。選項(xiàng)A中的“Thecalmingassociation”對(duì)應(yīng)前文的提到的“想起那個(gè)在你年輕時(shí)好心給你熱牛奶的人”，這會(huì)產(chǎn)生令人鎮(zhèn)靜的作用，因此推斷A項(xiàng)“這種鎮(zhèn)靜的聯(lián)系可能有助于降低睡前焦慮?！狈险Z境。故選A項(xiàng)。18題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Ourbodiesusethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings,toproducethebrainchemicalserotonin,whichistransformedintomelatonin,ahormonethathelpsyousleep.(我們身體利用食物中的色氨酸和其他物質(zhì)來產(chǎn)生大腦化學(xué)物質(zhì)血清素。血清素被轉(zhuǎn)化為褪黑激素，這種激素有助于睡眠。)”可知，色氨酸是從食物以及其他物質(zhì)中獲取的，我們身體本身不具有色氨酸。故E選項(xiàng)中的“getitfromthediet”對(duì)應(yīng)“usethetryptophanfromfood,alongwithotherthings”。因此推斷E項(xiàng)“人體不能產(chǎn)生色氨酸，所以人們必須從飲食中獲取色氨酸。”符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文“That'sbecausethebodytransformsitintohormonesthatenhancesleep.Butinreality,itwouldtakealotoftryptophantomakeapersonfeelsleepy.(這是因?yàn)樯眢w將其轉(zhuǎn)化為增強(qiáng)睡眠的激素。但事實(shí)上，需要大量的色氨酸才能讓人感到困倦。)”可知，本段從理論和實(shí)際兩個(gè)方面去論述到底色氨酸是否具有助眠的作用。選項(xiàng)B中的“Intheory”與后文的“Butinreality”相對(duì)應(yīng)。因此推斷B項(xiàng)“從理論上講，食用富含色氨酸的食物會(huì)讓我們感到困倦?！狈险Z境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Asforthetemperatureofthemilk,therearen'tanystudiesthatsuggestmilkhastobewarmforanyofitspsychologicalorphysicaleffectstokickin.(至于牛奶的溫度，沒有任何研究表明牛奶必須是熱的才能發(fā)揮其心理或生理作用。)”以及后文“Itcaninturnhelptorelaxthebody.(這反過來有助于放松身體。)”可知，本段講述的是牛奶的溫度可能也是一個(gè)影響助眠效果的因素。選項(xiàng)F中的“thewarmthofthemilk”對(duì)應(yīng)前文的“thetemperatureofthemilk”以及選項(xiàng)中的“raiseourinternalbodytemperatures”對(duì)應(yīng)后文的“it”，故選項(xiàng)F“但牛奶的溫度可能有助于提高我們體內(nèi)的溫度?！狈险Z境，具有承上啟下的作用。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LifeRollsOnIwasaboutninethefirsttimeIgotonaboard.WhenIwastwelve,Ibegantocompeteinsurfing,___21___numberoneinPacificSurfSeries.Fortunefavoredme___22___eversince.Thencametheday___23___mylifechanged.AsIsurfed,thewave___24___meinmybacksofastthatIhadnotimetorespond.Mywholebodywentnumb—unableto___25___.Unsurprisingly,Iwasdiagnosedparalyzed(癱瘓的).Badasitwas,Ifeltproudofmyselfby___26___thewilltolive.Insteadofbeingafraid,Irealizedhow___27___Ihadbeenthefirstseventeenyearsofmylife,feelingblessedbyGod.Thatfall,Ireturnedtoschoolandendedup___28___ontime.Shortlyafterthat,Iwaseven___29___byaUniversitywhereIlivedmylifetothefullestfromgoingoutonwater-skiingtoplayingwheelchairtennis.The_____30_____ofmylifecamenearlyfouryearsaftertheaccident.Iultimatelygotbackinthe_____31_____thatIhadmissedsomuch—onasurfboard.Despitethechallenges,I_____32_____myabilities,soImakemyownpath,myowndecisions.IknowI’llneverrealizemydreamofbeingtheworld’s_____33_____surfer,butIstillhavesomanyelseto_____34_____.Liferollson,_____35_____continuetorollonandI’mrollinginandsurfingrightalongwithitall.21.A.attaining B.gaining C.ranking D.defeating22.A.concisely B.incredibly C.solely D.randomly23.A.when B.which C.after D.since24.A.hugged B.swallowed C.dragged D.hit25.A.say B.run C.jump D.move26.A.abandoning B.maintaining C.suspecting D.testing27.A.confused B.disappointed C.fortunate D.excited28.A.recovering B.training C.surfing D.graduating29.A.admitted B.rejected C.praised D.hired30.A.highlight B.crossroad C.twilight D.passion31.A.club B.school C.water D.pool32.A.trust B.doubt C.change D.lose33.A.privileged B.professional C.diligent D.amateur34.A.do B.achieve C.attend D.finish35.A.competitions B.tasks C.journeys D.waves【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.B27.C28.D29.A30.A31.C32.A33.B34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者美好的生活發(fā)生改變后，依然樂觀和積極向上，不斷地挑戰(zhàn)自我?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：十二歲時(shí)，我開始參加沖浪比賽，在太平洋沖浪系列賽中名列第一。A.attaining實(shí)現(xiàn)；B.gaining獲得；C.ranking排列；D.defeating打敗。根據(jù)“WhenIwastwelve,Ibegantocompeteinsurfing,”可知，作者在沖浪比賽中排名第一。固定搭配“ranknumberone”意為“位列第一”。故選C。【22題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：從那以后，命運(yùn)就一直非常地眷顧著我。A.concisely簡(jiǎn)明地；B.incredibly非常地；C.solely單獨(dú)地；D.randomly隨便地。根據(jù)“eversince.”可知，從作者拿第一名之后，命運(yùn)就非常地眷顧著作者。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：直到有一天，我的生活改變了。A.when什么時(shí)候；B.which哪一個(gè)；C.after后來；D.since自......以后。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為定語從句，先行詞為theday，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選A。【24題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我沖浪時(shí)，海浪很快地打在我的背上，我沒有時(shí)間做出反應(yīng)。A.hugged擁抱；B.swallowed吞下；C.dragged拖；D.hit打。根據(jù)“AsIsurfed”可知，作者沖浪時(shí)，海浪迅速地打在作者的背上。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的整個(gè)身體變得麻木——無法移動(dòng)。A.say說；B.run跑；C.jump跳；D.move移動(dòng)。根據(jù)“Mywholebodywentnumb”可知，作者因?yàn)檎麄€(gè)身體變得麻木而無法移動(dòng)。故選D。26題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管情況很糟糕，但我為自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。A.abandoning拋棄；B.maintaining保持；C.suspecting懷疑；D.testing測(cè)試。根據(jù)“Badasitwas,Ifeltproudofmyself”可知，作者為自己保持了活下去的意志而感到自豪。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我沒有害怕，我意識(shí)到我生命的前17年是多么幸運(yùn)，感覺得到上帝的祝福。A.confused困惑的；B.disappointed失望的；C.fortunate幸運(yùn)的；D.excited激動(dòng)的。根據(jù)“Fortunefavoredme___2___eversince.”可知，作者感覺自己很幸運(yùn)。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：那年秋天，我回到學(xué)校，終于按時(shí)畢業(yè)了。A.recovering恢復(fù)；B.training訓(xùn)練；C.surfing瀏覽；D.graduating畢業(yè)。根據(jù)“Unsurprisingly,Iwasdiagnosedparalyzed(癱瘓的).”和“Thatfall,Ireturnedtoschool”可知，作者雖然癱瘓，但仍然按時(shí)畢業(yè)。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在那之后不久，我甚至被一所大學(xué)錄取，在那里我盡情地享受著從滑水到輪椅網(wǎng)球的生活。A.admitted錄取；B.rejected拒絕；C.praised贊揚(yáng)；D.hired雇傭。根據(jù)“byaUniversity”可知，作者被一所大學(xué)錄取。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我生命中最精彩的時(shí)刻出現(xiàn)在事故發(fā)生近四年后。A.highlight精彩部分；B.crossroad十字路口；C.twilight黃昏；D.passion激情。根據(jù)“Shortlyafterthat,Iwaseven___9___byaUniversitywhereIlivedmylifetothefullestfromgoingoutonwater-skiingtoplaying