牛津高中英語模塊四uni Grammar and usage

GrammarandUsageDirectspeechandreportedspeechUnit1M4直接引語和間接引語直接引用別人的話叫直接引語，用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下構(gòu)成賓語從句；直接引語前后加引號，間接引語不必加。直接引語：

Shesaid,“Mybrother’snameisTom.” Heaskedme,“Wheredoyoulive?”間接引語：

Shesaidthatherbrother’snamewasTom. HeaskedmewhereIlived.直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換在直接引語向間接引語轉(zhuǎn)換的過程中，不僅要進(jìn)行句式上的轉(zhuǎn)換，而且常常要在時間、地點、人稱等方面做相應(yīng)的轉(zhuǎn)換。1、如何變?nèi)朔Q：

口訣：一隨主,二隨賓，第三人稱不更新1.She

said.

"My

brother

wants

to

goshopping

with

me.

”→She

said_____brotherwanted

to

goshopping

with___2.Shesaidtome,“Youplaybasketballbetterthanme.”→Shetoldmethat___playedbasketballbetterthan____.3.Hesaid,“She

willcometohavealongholidaywithus.”→Hesaid

that_____wouldcometohavealongholidaywith_____.

her

her

I

hershethem2.若主句謂語動詞是一般過去時，直接引語變成間接引語時要調(diào)整時態(tài)。如下表：直接引語間接引語直接引語間接引語現(xiàn)在時過去時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時過去時過去完成時過去完成時不變將來時過去將來時將來進(jìn)行時過去將來進(jìn)行時將來完成時過去將來完成時Hesaid,“I’mapoliceman.” Hesaidthathewasapoliceman.2.Hesaid,“I’mplayingfootballnow.” Hesaidthathewasplayingfootballthen.3.Hesaid,“Ihavedonemyhomework.” Hesaidthathehaddonehishomework.4.Hesaid,“Isawafilmyesterday.” Hesaidthathehadseenafilmthedaybefore.5.Hesaid,“Ihadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm. Hesaidthathehadlearned3,000Englishwordsbytheendofthetermbefore.

注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài)不變①直接引語是客觀真理。

The

teacher

said

"The

earth

moves

around

the

sun

.”→

The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun

earth.

③直接引語中有具體的過去某年、某月、某日作狀語，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：

Jack

said.

"I

was

born

on

April

2l,

1980."

②直接引語是過去進(jìn)行時，時態(tài)不變。

Jack

said.

“IwasdoingcookingwhenTomcametoseeme”

Jack

saidhewasdoingcokingwhenTomcametoseehim.→Jacksaid

he

was

born

on

April

21,

1980.3.指示暖代詞督、時繞間狀抬語和勺動詞勻也要少做調(diào)皂整。艷如下喚表：直接引語間接引語指示代詞thisthesethatthose時間狀語nowtodaytonightthenthatdaythatnightthisweeklastweekyesterdayfivedaysagotomorrownextweekthatweektheweekbeforethedaybeforefivedaysbeforethenextdaythenextweek地點狀語herethere動詞comegoEx邪:法Pa漆ge格9(1壟)傳wa至s(2黨)悲wo姑ul如d哨be(3涌)規(guī)ha初d畫re鑒ad(4乏)t輕ha尤t(5叔)w佛ou附ld(6餓)肆ha奇d棍bo呼ug烘ht(7配)暑th軟at(8略)枯wo蓋ul遷d(9貝)鞭th父os丑e(1撞0)脫h泰er4.若直炕接引鏟語為縮慧一般忠疑問相句，脂改為練間接焦引語軟時要腳用陳太述句愧語序矩，而酷且要爛加連包詞if或wh瓶et眾he趨r。如拼：Sh補(bǔ)e攏as壺ke綁d塊he績r發(fā)mo那th危er語,悶“C問an罪I箭g伶o星sh晚op獨pi屯ng種w盛it助h編yo頸u?甚”Sh啄e亞as盤ke趁d俊he仗r鍋mo嬸th茂er鄰i方f/略wh賽et建he砌r監(jiān)sh碗e替co堪ul癢d捕go生s跨ho瘋pp銷in剩g艇wi瞧th塑h妥er千.He尺a從sk疫ed丸m護(hù)e,長“恩Wi澆ll嫁y湯ou軍h戴av繡e廳a恢te姑st街o證n重Th亡ur兩sd騙ay車?”He盜a為sk唇ed床m森e位if楚/w關(guān)he借th割er邊I為w第ou素ld墻h知av駱e踐a姜te譽(yù)st打o改n播Th完ur趟sd旨ay亮.5.若直逝接引爸語為紛特殊舟疑問剃句，閑間接菜引語沸就要減使用惕特殊堵疑問萍詞，旗而且娛要用笑陳述裂句語聯(lián)序。損如：“Ho輛w溝mu惠ch飛m期on鄉(xiāng)豐ey踩d嬌o主yo鑒u棵sp猾en坡d部on寶b斯oo悄ks降?”沿h外e庫as獲ke梯d蛇me伯.He懇a催sk典ed蘿m元e禿ho圖w燙mu唐ch著m傷on渾ey者I罰s菜pe汪nt吐o下n悲bo協(xié)ok宋s.“W歪ha佩t隆is再y護(hù)ou喬r逐un論cl坊e?穗”塞he債a命sk話ed甲m榆e.He捏a踏sk劣ed弦m求e閘wh壺at拘m撿y韻un混cl股e約wa犬s.6.當(dāng)直陵接引惜語為撲祈使抽句時累，間采接引印語要燃改為te尊ll波(外as抓k,押o便rd瞞er撞,適ad倡vi所se妙,e頭nc梢ou霜ra宮ge訂,w時ar翼n)績s留b.曉(片no閉t)崇t絨o其do敲s修th確.的句江型。直接壩引語用如果怠是以板“Le遵t‘火s”開頭溜的祈閉使句酒，變浮為間逗接引居語時爪，通諷常用“su疫gg果es拋t肢+動名田詞（驚或從浩句）蘆”1.挨T洲he波p纏ol溜ic基e醒ma祖n滑sa柳id懷t岡o膠th捎e粘ch關(guān)il赤dr碑en休,醫(yī)“D踐on損’t成p釀la礙y懷fo堂ot夕ba尸ll崖i腫n霉th遭e攏st景re嗎et窯.”Th槽e盯po晴li婆ce皂ma休n班to占ld符t網(wǎng)he術(shù)c帶hi虛ld宰re沃n驅(qū)no鄙t隱to絡(luò)p歸la暫y潑fo鎮(zhèn)ot艦ba棍ll鉗i醉n鍬th敗e該st瞇re燥et蕩.2.援M捏y蹲mo表th候er降s總ai差d月to情m病e,視“靜Pl螺ea射se敞c鍋om鑼e狹an浸d咳he勁lp憲m疫e.杠”My雙m必ot后he誤r抵as咬ke海d胞me飄t舉o療go糕a知nd站h鐮el崖p捕he申r.3.巧H寫e脾sa毛id綠,哀"L偵et脹's險g給o頓to敵t揉he停m麥ov指ie梨s.桶"He差s勉ug走ge肢st踏ed且g伏oi差ng惠t鐘o檢th刊e隊mo孔vi領(lǐng)es聾./He鑰s姓ug宗ge齒st諷ed欄t禮ha暑t養(yǎng)th紋ey議s預(yù)ho經(jīng)ul販d證go檢t絕o查se魯e彎th搜e向mo敢vi款es貸.Ke安y喬to肆E腫xe哄rc芒is揀e覆A2.膝a協(xié)sk掀ed萍h送ow膚i存t滲co揮ul誦d瘋he罷lp馳h凱im烈r訴em灑em費be痕r天En勢gl腔is松h霉wo遮rd煙s.3.信A帳sk蠶ed痕w庫he竿th鈴er搖/i桌f案it杏t霸au厚gh案t裁li夕st血en拆in咱g弱an屯d忙sp離ea垮ki螺ng幻玉.4.蟻a怎sk夜ed嬸w菜ha攔t莫th鋪e趴de維si悉gn膛er差w附ou弊ld喪d按o勞if仰s壟he英w掛as否n捏ot復(fù)s伴at哄is美fi扁ed掠w考it蘿h此th魂e遙so倒ft胡wa經(jīng)re瘡.5.腸a舊sk緩ed釣w臟he合th代er煙/i田f燥it始w斜as輸e借as兄y貼to頁u們se先.Ke春y孟to仗E醉xe咽rc刮is切e充B2.渴T勁he振e暮xp染er鐵t匹en否co巖ur敬ag促es講u弓s找to滔u魚se婆i撞nt貢er活es瞎ti辜ng腿a南nd癥a尸tt雁ra餓ct遍iv摸e憑ph竭ot會os隆.3.偶T棵he枯e暮xp輛er質(zhì)t貌re悄co住mm賓en惹ds姿t礎(chǔ)ha兼t輪we藏(院sh醉ou賊ld虜)唉us塔e訓(xùn)ey件e-窗ca音tc襯hi瞧ng唯l否og尊os搬.4.哥T簡he密e射xp麥er境t訓(xùn)su祖gg卻es泡ts扯t摔ha廁t魄we眾(拖sh斷ou涉ld逆)洪ma辣ke孔t施he溪s考lo丙ga攔ns呆s提ho步rt絡(luò)a槍nd僑e澇as臥y融to紙r茂em哄em受be摩r.5.柱T饞he構(gòu)e輝xp頭er幕t懼te掘ll藍(lán)s載us量t炕o過ma路ke跌g污oo看d填us哨e形of往c培ol香or險s體to熊a解tt踏ra遞ct多p株eo賽pl葡e’速s眉at格te裕nt腎io研n.把下沖列句固子改董為間嗚接引辦語“I患d擦on潮’t肉t變hi判nk馬I遠(yuǎn)w上il歸l擊be刻a斜bl劍e以to甚f羊in誦is德h悶it拆i儀n勒ti攜me堡,”彈M慮ik曾e專sa滾id拒.“I贈t’仿s籍th里e銅mo悲st補(bǔ)i塵nt瞎er蓬es兼ti囑ng行f濕il田m被I’桐ve百e豈ve將r叢se愚en懼,”棄h填e承to異ld剃h垂is紹f辦ri貢en徐d.Mi托ke修s默ai助d航th爐at算h混e掏di哥dn旺’t胸t微hi鴉nk鞭h怠e茅wo窯ul驚d杜be勵a防bl填e醒to圓f腿in省is迷h懇it巧i河n透ti皂me抗.He榨t姜ol喝d甚hi朋s期fr對ie朝nd償t系ha旨t寨it寫w靠as紹t愧he屯m槽os龜t凳in臨te窯re唯st封in摟g羞fi嶺lm奏h姑e梅ha映d澆ev勸er筑s悉ee蝦n.3.竭T漸he泡d庸oc繞to吳r廚sa多id絡(luò),請“T削he造m鏈an拒h應(yīng)as賤h垮ur賓t姥hi隙s幣le訪g癢ra義th貢er獨b閱ad沈ly么.”4.欣M癢y奔mo恰th則er詳s遷ai禍d,蠟“疫Ha拴ve雖y甲o(hù)u摧r擾ba惡d碎to井ot辨h組be紹en伐p痕ul蠅le孩d塔ou訪t?喘”5.吩“補(bǔ)Ho鍛w菜wi狡ll均y位ou坦g筐o醬to蹦t剩he獨p暢ar席k?招”認(rèn)Br房誠ow陷n寬sa拔id占t返o圓hi工s雪yo凳un倘ge抽r漫br汗ot療he往r.Th熟e插do旱ct丹or顧s拒ai錫d含th低at趨t吹he裂m節(jié)an顯h吃ad逐h異ur謀t撲hi駕s兔le虎g細(xì)ra攏th窩er嘴b冤ad太ly構(gòu).My肥m殼ot淹he幅r蠟as悄ke背d手if尸m租y幸ba搖d歌to氧ot擁h成ha聚d皺be晨en酷p劈燕ul指le高d書ou酬t.Br幕ow問n潑as泉ke起d簡hi姓s帳yo腸un逢ge孫r燥br詞ot賽he盆r墻ho厚w抖he逢w分ou踐ld揉g鴉o滑to傅t駕he轟p享ar調(diào)k.把下笑列句遼子改牲為直現(xiàn)接引柄語He根a然sk突ed漁w張hy天p垃eo獄pl挽e嬌we杏nt甩t敬o委ha羽mb寧ur撥ge盆r患re脹st偉au項ra交nt偉s.Th肥e襯st娛ud兵en象t歸to嫩ld榨h證is劇h科ea張d皇te比ac稼he揀r衫th亂at務(wù)h儉e系wo炕ul被d揀go拉t啄o闊th勾e淘Gr萬ea妨t協(xié)Wa酸ll方t掠he撞n彎ex午t炎da磨y.He雪a奸sk休ed漢,采“W餡hy漢d筐o危pe息op茫le蛋g漫o勞to賄h喜am列bu丸rg漆er因r叼es幣ta平ur搬an梁ts輔?”Th