中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法24講+第9講+動(dòng)詞概說(shuō)

初中語(yǔ)法講義PAGE第份初中語(yǔ)法講義動(dòng)詞概說(shuō)年月日 第9章動(dòng)詞概說(shuō)在英語(yǔ)中，每個(gè)句子都必須有一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或“做什么”。動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)句子的重心，因此從動(dòng)詞的變化可以看出該句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)還是將來(lái)時(shí)。所以，了解動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中相當(dāng)重要。另外，本章還將綜述動(dòng)詞的種類、動(dòng)詞的基本形式、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等內(nèi)容，幫助同學(xué)們對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一個(gè)大致的了解。典型例句：1.Iamhiseldersister.（我是他的姐姐。）典型例句：2.YoustudyEnglish.（你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。）典型例句：3.Thesunisred.（太陽(yáng)是紅的。）說(shuō)明：典型例句中的am，study，is是動(dòng)詞，study作句子的謂語(yǔ)；am，is和后面的表語(yǔ)一起擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)。1.動(dòng)詞的種類在英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞可以分為以下幾類：類別（英文縮寫）特點(diǎn)舉例行為動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞(vt.)跟賓語(yǔ)Welovepeace.（我們熱愛和平。）不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.)不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)Classesbegin.（開始上課。）系動(dòng)詞(link.v.)跟表語(yǔ)I’mastudent.（我是一個(gè)學(xué)生。）助動(dòng)詞(aux.v.)跟動(dòng)詞原形或過(guò)去分詞（無(wú)特殊意義）Ihavehadmybreakfast.（我已經(jīng)吃過(guò)早飯了。）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(mod.v.)跟動(dòng)詞原形（表示說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度）Youmuststudyhard.（你必須用功學(xué)習(xí)。）1.行為動(dòng)詞我們?nèi)粘＝佑|的大量動(dòng)詞都是行為動(dòng)詞，又可稱為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，如work，study，run，walk等。行為動(dòng)詞分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。（1）及物動(dòng)詞及物動(dòng)詞的后面要跟一個(gè)名詞或代詞等作它的賓語(yǔ)。Iwanttoseeafilm.（我想去看電影。）（說(shuō)明：see是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，afilm是動(dòng)詞see的賓語(yǔ)。）DickiswatchingTV.（迪克正在看電視。）Infact,Scoutdoesn’tlikeher.（實(shí)際上，斯考特并不喜歡她。）（2）不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞后面一定不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)，但不及物動(dòng)詞后往往跟上一個(gè)介詞，構(gòu)成一個(gè)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，然后就可以跟一個(gè)介詞賓語(yǔ)，實(shí)際上“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”就相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞了。Sheislookingat（不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞）thepicture.（賓語(yǔ)）（她正在看照片。）說(shuō)明：look是不及物動(dòng)詞，thepicture是介詞at的賓語(yǔ)。ZhuTaoalwayslaughsat（不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞）hisbrother.（賓語(yǔ)）（朱濤總是嘲笑他的兄弟。）必背：需要注意的是，不及物動(dòng)詞和不同的介詞搭配，就構(gòu)成了許許多多的詞組來(lái)表達(dá)不同的意思，這些詞組需要我們牢牢掌握。lookat看lookafter照看，照顧lookfor尋找lookover檢查，翻閱lookround四處打量，看看lookthough看一遍，過(guò)一遍lookup查出，找出lookdownon/upon看不起lookforwardto盼望（3）關(guān)于行為動(dòng)詞的注意事項(xiàng)要注意，英語(yǔ)中很多動(dòng)詞既可以是及物動(dòng)詞，又可以是不及物動(dòng)詞。Let’sbegin.（咱們開始吧。）We’llbeginourclassinanhour.（一個(gè)小時(shí)后我們開始上課。）說(shuō)明：第一句中的begin是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不跟賓語(yǔ)；第二句中的begin是及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語(yǔ)ourclass。注意：漢語(yǔ)中沒有及物動(dòng)詞與不及物動(dòng)詞之分，很多同學(xué)初學(xué)英語(yǔ)時(shí)往往忽略了這點(diǎn)。而這一點(diǎn)恰恰是很重要的，只要掌握了它，就可以避免許多不該出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤。2.系動(dòng)詞漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中并沒有系動(dòng)詞這一概念，所以同學(xué)們?cè)谶\(yùn)用系動(dòng)詞時(shí)會(huì)感到困難。對(duì)于系動(dòng)詞，重要的是要掌握這一點(diǎn)：它不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，必須和其后的表語(yǔ)（由形容詞、名詞、動(dòng)名詞，不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)及副詞充當(dāng)）一起構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ)。（1）常用的系動(dòng)詞最常用的系動(dòng)詞是be，在句中有時(shí)譯為“是”，有時(shí)不必譯出。有一些動(dòng)詞既可以作行為動(dòng)詞，又可以作系動(dòng)詞，它們主要是表示感受的感官動(dòng)詞和表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”或“變成某種狀態(tài)”的詞。學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)，要注意其后的表語(yǔ)部分。Thegirllookscareful.（這個(gè)女孩看起來(lái)很細(xì)心。）（look譯為“看起來(lái)”，是系動(dòng)詞，與后面的形容詞一起作表語(yǔ)）Thegirllooksatthepicturecarefully.（這個(gè)女孩認(rèn)真地看這幅畫。）（look為行為動(dòng)詞，是不及物動(dòng)詞，加一個(gè)介詞at，從而構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，可以跟介詞賓語(yǔ)）Hefeelscold.（他覺得冷。）Steelfeelshard.（鋼摸起來(lái)很硬。）Silkfeelssoftandcomfortable.（絲綢摸起來(lái)既柔軟又舒服。）（以上三句中的feel均是系動(dòng)詞，后面要跟形容詞）切記：感官動(dòng)詞：look看起來(lái)；taste嘗起來(lái)；smell聞起來(lái)；sound聽起來(lái)；feel摸起來(lái)表示狀態(tài)的詞：become變成；remain保持；keep保持；prove證明；get/turn/grow變得；appear/seem好像是Ifeeltheplanemovestrongly.（我覺得飛機(jī)在劇烈地振動(dòng)。）（此句中的feel是一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）（關(guān)于系動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞的用法可參見（第6章副詞）中的形容詞和副詞的比較部分）重要：“feel+...do/doing/done”意為“感覺到……正在/被”。Hefelthisheartbeatingfaster.（他感覺到他的心跳正在加快。）（2）常用的系動(dòng)詞詞組詞組：cometrue實(shí)現(xiàn)Ourdreamhascometrueatlast.（我們的夢(mèng)想終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了。）WhatMaryhadhopedallcametrue.（瑪麗希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的都實(shí)現(xiàn)了。）說(shuō)明：come在這里作系動(dòng)詞，有“達(dá)到/變成某種狀態(tài)”的含義。詞組：getdressed穿衣服Heisoldenoughtogetdressedhimself.（他長(zhǎng)大了，已經(jīng)會(huì)自己穿衣服了。）AfterLiuGanggotdressed,hehadbreakfast.（劉剛穿好衣服后，就吃早餐了。）詞組：get/bemarried結(jié)婚Whatdidyoudobeforeyougotmarried?（你結(jié)婚之前做什么工作？）Maryhasbeenmarriedforfiveyears.（瑪麗已經(jīng)結(jié)婚5年了。）詞組：get/becomelost迷失，迷路Sorry.I’mlateforthemeeting.Ibecame/gotlost.（對(duì)不起，我開會(huì)遲到了，因?yàn)槲颐月妨恕＃㏕helittlegirlwentforawalkandgotlost.（小女孩出去散步，迷路了。）詞組：seem/appeartobe似乎是……，好像……Thestudentseemstobeaverykindandthoughtfulperson.（這個(gè)學(xué)生似乎是個(gè)善良且體貼的人。）ItappearstobeanexcellentopportunityforCarolinetogetmoreexperience.（對(duì)于卡羅琳來(lái)說(shuō)，這似乎是一個(gè)獲得更多經(jīng)驗(yàn)的絕好的機(jī)會(huì)。）說(shuō)明：seem和appear的后面常常跟不定式tobe。（3）關(guān)于系動(dòng)詞后接表語(yǔ)的注意事項(xiàng)絕大多數(shù)以a-開頭的形容詞常與系動(dòng)詞連用作表語(yǔ)，而不能作前置定語(yǔ)，但可以放在名詞后面作后置定語(yǔ)。Heisn’tasleep.（他沒睡著。）Theboyasleepismylittlebrother.（那個(gè)睡著了的小男孩是我弟弟。）（一定不能用theasleepboy，但可以用thesleepingboy）切記：以a-開頭的常見形容詞afraid害怕，恐怕asleep入睡，睡著了alone獨(dú)自alive活（著）的awake醒著的3.助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞本身并沒有意義，它只是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)，表示疑問、否定、時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)等。英語(yǔ)中有些單詞并不是固定的助動(dòng)詞，如動(dòng)詞be，have，do等在句子中與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、否定句、疑問句時(shí)，才擔(dān)當(dāng)起助動(dòng)詞的作用。ItismadeinChina.（它是中國(guó)制造的。）（is是助動(dòng)詞，幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~made構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Ihaven’thadmybreakfastyet.（我還沒吃早飯呢。）（have是助動(dòng)詞，幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~had構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句）4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度，認(rèn)為“可能”“應(yīng)當(dāng)”“必要”等。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有詞義，但詞義不完整，其后一定要跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式（即動(dòng)詞原形，oughtto除外）。另外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。HecanspeakEnglish.（他會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。）（主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，也不能在can后加s）HespeaksEnglishwell.（他英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。）（時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，行為動(dòng)詞speak后要加s）補(bǔ)充：常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/couldmay/mightmustneedhavetooughtto2.動(dòng)詞的基本形式動(dòng)詞有以下幾種基本形式：動(dòng)詞原形（即前面不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式形式）、動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。1.動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成法例詞讀法詞尾加-shelp→helpsknow→knowsget→getsride→ridess在清輔音后讀[s]，在濁輔音或元音后讀[z]；在t后讀[ts]，在d后讀[dz]詞尾加-es以字母s/x/ch/sh結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-esguess→guessesfix→fixeswash→washeses讀[iz]以o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-esgo→goesdo→doeses讀[z]以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先變y為i，再加-esfly→fliesstudy→studieses讀[z]2.動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成（1）規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化構(gòu)成法例詞一般加-edwork→worked,worked以e結(jié)尾的詞加-dlive→lived,lived以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，改y為i，再加-edstudy→studied,studiedcry→cried,cried以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，直接加-edplay→played,played以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edstop→stopped,stoppedprefer→preferred,preferred注意：詞尾-ed在清輔音后讀[t]；在元音和濁輔音后讀[d]；在輔音t，d后讀[id]。（2）不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的變化（參見本章不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表）3.動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成法例詞一般加-ingwork→workingstudy→studying以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞去e后加-inglive→living以重讀閉音節(jié)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞，要雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingstop→stoppingrefer→referring以ie結(jié)尾的重讀開音節(jié)的詞，改ie為y，再加-ingdie→dying注意：以y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)，y不變，直接加上-ing。如：play→playing；study→studying3.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)概述時(shí)態(tài)是表示動(dòng)作與時(shí)間相互關(guān)系的語(yǔ)法范疇。正確使用時(shí)態(tài)能反映一個(gè)人的英語(yǔ)基本功。對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)是相當(dāng)困難的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，原因之一是中文動(dòng)詞沒有時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化。也就是說(shuō)，中文動(dòng)詞不是用詞形的變化，而是用特定的詞語(yǔ)，如：“現(xiàn)在”“將來(lái)”“過(guò)去”“正在”“經(jīng)?！薄傲恕薄斑^(guò)”“已經(jīng)”等來(lái)說(shuō)明一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間，而動(dòng)詞本身并無(wú)變化。在英語(yǔ)中，則用動(dòng)詞本身的詞形變化或加助動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。Shereadsnewspaperseveryday.（她每天看報(bào)紙。）（句子中有everyday，所以用現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Shereadthenewspaperyesterday.（她昨天看過(guò)了這張報(bào)紙。）（句子中有yesterday，所以用過(guò)去時(shí)）Shewillreadthenewspapertomorrow.（她明天看這張報(bào)紙。）（句子中有tomorrow，所以用將來(lái)時(shí)）Sheisreadingthenewspapernow.（她正在看報(bào)紙。）（句子中有now，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）Shehasreadthenewspaper.（她已經(jīng)讀過(guò)這張報(bào)紙了。）（句子中沒有標(biāo)識(shí)性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但因?yàn)楸硎镜氖恰斑^(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）2.動(dòng)詞十二種時(shí)態(tài)的形式英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，一般語(yǔ)法書列出的英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的十二種時(shí)態(tài)為“現(xiàn)在”“過(guò)去”和“將來(lái)”三大類；每類中又分為“一般”“進(jìn)行”“完成”“完成進(jìn)行”四種，共十二種，下面以study為例，列表說(shuō)明。一般時(shí)進(jìn)行時(shí)完成時(shí)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在Istudy.Youstudy.hestudies.Westudy.Theystudy.Iamstudying.Youarestudying.Heisstudying.Wearestudying.Theyarestudying.Ihavestudied.Youhavestudied.Hehasstudied.Wehavestudied.Theyhavestudied.Ihavebeenstudying.Youhavebeenstudying.Hehasbeenstudying.Wehavebeenstudying.Theyhavebeenstudying.過(guò)去Istudied.Youstudied.Hestudied.Westudied.Theystudied.Iwasstudying.Youwerestudying.Hewasstudying.Wewerestudying.Theywerestudying.Ihadstudied.Youhadstudied.Hehadstudied.Wehadstudied.Theyhadstudied.Ihadbeenstudying.Youhadbeenstudying.Hehadbeenstudying.Wehadbeenstudying.Theyhadbeenstudying.將來(lái)Ishallstudy.Youwillstudy.Hewillstudy.Weshallstudy.Theywillstudy.Ishallbestudying.Youwillbestudying.Hewillbestudying.Weshallbestudying.Theywillbestudying.Ishallhavestudied.Youwillhavestudied.Hewillhavestudied.Weshallhavestudied.Theywillhavestudied.Ishallhavebeenstudying.Youwillhavebeenstudying.Hewillhavebeenstudying.Weshallhavebeenstudying.Theywillhavebeenstudying.注意：初中階段最常用的時(shí)態(tài)有5種，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。在下面的文章中，將分別講述各種時(shí)態(tài)的具體用法。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化表現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞beat打，敲beatbeatenbecome成為becamebecomebegin開始beganbegunbite咬bitbitten/bitblow吹blewblownbreak打破brokebrokenbring攜帶broughtbroughtbuild建造builtbuiltburn燃燒burned/burntburned/burntbuy買boughtboughtcatch捉caughtcaughtchoose選擇chosechosencome來(lái)camecomedrink喝drankdrunkdrive駕駛drovedriveneat吃ateeatenfall落下fellfallenfeed喂fedfedfeel覺得feltfeltfight打架foughtfoughtfind找foundfoundfly飛flewflownforget忘記forgotforgotten/forgotforgive原諒forgaveforgivenget獲得gotgotten/gotgive給gavegivengo去wentgonegrow生長(zhǎng)grewgrownhang掛hunghunghear聽heardheardhit擊hithithold持heldheldhurt傷害hurthurtkeep保持keptkeptknow知道knewknownlay放置laidlaidlead引導(dǎo)ledledlearn學(xué)習(xí)learned/learntlearned/learntleave離開leftleftlend借出lentlentlet讓letletlie躺laylainlose遺失lostlostmake做mademademeet遇見metmetpay支付paidpaidread讀readreadrise上升roserisenrun跑ranrunsay說(shuō)saidsaidsee看見sawseensell售soldsoldsend送sentsentshine照耀/擦去，磨光shone/shinedshone/shinedshoot發(fā)射shotshotsing唱歌sangsungsit坐下satsatsleep睡覺sleptsleptsmell嗅smelt/smelledsmelt/smelledspeak說(shuō)spokespokenspell拼寫spelt/spelledspelt/spelledspend花費(fèi)spentspentstand站立stoodstoodsteal偷竊stolestolensweep掃除sweptsweptswim游泳swamswumswing搖擺swungswungtake拿，握，抓tooktakenteach教taughttaughttear撕toretorntell告訴toldtoldthink想thoughtthoughtthrow投threwthrownunderstand了解understoodunderstoodwear穿worewornwin贏wonwonwrite寫wrotewritten4.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞加一個(gè)（或兩個(gè)）介詞或副詞構(gòu)成詞組后，在意義上和原來(lái)的動(dòng)詞不同，這種詞組叫短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或成語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。英語(yǔ)里這種詞組很多，而且非常有用。beginwith以……開始catchupwith趕上climbup爬上去comeback回來(lái)comefrom來(lái)自……comeon加油comeout開花comeround來(lái)，前來(lái)crossout畫叉，刪除dowith處理……fallbehind落后falloff掉下，減少fightabout為……而斗爭(zhēng)findout弄清楚flyaway飛走flyup高飛getback回來(lái)，回到……getoffthe(bus)下(公共汽車)getonthe(bus)上(公共汽車)getoutof(thelift,car...)從(電梯、小汽車……)中走出來(lái)goalong沿著……走goon繼續(xù)下去goout出去goover仔細(xì)檢查gothrough經(jīng)受，經(jīng)歷growup長(zhǎng)大hearof聽說(shuō)holdon(foramoment)稍等一下(打電話用語(yǔ))jumpinto跳入laughat嘲笑learnfrom...向……學(xué)習(xí)listento聽……，注意聽……lookafter照顧，關(guān)照l(shuí)ookaround參觀lookfor尋找looklike看起來(lái)像lookover檢查，瀏覽makeout看出，辨認(rèn)出makeup化妝moveaway移走passonsth.tosb.傳遞某物給某人passon傳遞(某物)payfor為……付錢pickup拾起來(lái)pullup拉上來(lái)puton(thesuit,acap)穿(衣服)，戴(帽子)sellout賣完，賣光sendfor派人去請(qǐng)……sendup射出，發(fā)送takeoff脫掉(衣服)；(飛機(jī))起飛takeout拿出thanksto多虧了；由于，因?yàn)閠urnoff(theradio,gas...)關(guān)上(收音機(jī)、煤氣……)turnon(theradio,gas...)打開(收音機(jī)、煤氣……)turnround轉(zhuǎn)身turnto翻到……頁(yè)，轉(zhuǎn)向……waitfor等待wakeup醒來(lái)worryabout...為……而擔(dān)心writedown寫下來(lái)Canyoufindoutwhattimetheplaneleaves?（你能弄清楚飛機(jī)幾點(diǎn)起飛嗎？）Youshouldlistentotheteacherifyouwanttolearnwell.（如果你想學(xué)好的話，你必須注意聽老師講。）Janeislookingafterthebaby.（簡(jiǎn)在照看這個(gè)寶寶。）Bequiet!Trynottowakethelittlebabyup.（安靜！別把這個(gè)小寶寶吵醒了。）CommonMistakes（注意！失分陷阱?。┫葳謇}①Don’t__________theradio.Thebabyissleeping.【北京中考】A.turnoffB.turnonC.turnoverD.turndown句意提示：不要打開收音機(jī)，嬰兒正在睡覺。陷阱追擊：本題考查根據(jù)上下文情景辨析動(dòng)詞詞組，容易誤選。正確解析：turnoff意為“關(guān)掉，使（某人）不高興”；turnon意為“打開，啟動(dòng)”；turnover意為“打翻，移交給，變換電視頻道”；turndown意為“拒絕，把……調(diào)低，關(guān)小”。根據(jù)題意可知，正確答案為B。陷阱例題②I’minterestedinanimals,soI__________everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.【北京中考】A.payB.getC.takeD.spend句意提示：我對(duì)動(dòng)物感興趣，所以每個(gè)周六我都在一家動(dòng)物醫(yī)院工作。陷阱追擊：本題考查pay，get，take和spend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞用法的區(qū)別，容易誤選。正確解析：在這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞中，只有spend常用于“spend...doingsth.”的句型中，意為“花費(fèi)……做……”；pay常用于固定搭配“paysb.forsth.”，表示“付錢給某人”；take的主語(yǔ)一般為it或物。正確答案為D。陷阱追擊③A:Howlonghaveyou__________themotorbike?B:Forabouttwoweeks.【哈爾濱中考】A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent句意提示：A：你買摩托車多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？B：大約兩周了。陷阱追擊：本題結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境考查延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用法的區(qū)別，容易誤選。正確解析：延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可以同一段時(shí)間連用，而非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞則不可以。由題意可知是詢問一段時(shí)間，在本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有had是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。正確答案為B。陷阱例題④WiththehelpoftheInternet,newscan__________everycorneroftheworld.【天津中考】A.arriveB.reachC.goD.get句意提示：有了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，新聞可以到達(dá)世界的各個(gè)角落。陷阱追擊：本題考查及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別，容易誤選。正確解析：arrive，go，get為不及物動(dòng)詞，需跟介詞才能接地點(diǎn)名詞，如arrivein/at，goto，getto。reach為及物動(dòng)詞，后面可直接連接地點(diǎn)，表示“到達(dá)……”。正確答案為B。FinalCheck（實(shí)力測(cè)驗(yàn)）1.選用下列動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空smellsoundtastegogetbecomegrowseemlookfeelturnstaykeep1.Themeat__________terrible,soIthinkithas__________bad.2.Herface__________redwhensheheardthenews.3.Yourgrandmother__________pale.What’swrongwithher?4.OurEnglishteacher’svoice__________likemymother’s.5.Itoftenrainsinthisseasonandthetrees__________fast.6.Thepizzayourmothermakes__________delicious.7.Everyone__________veryexcitedattheeveningparty.8.Theflowersinyourgarden__________sweet.9.Vegetablescan__________freshinthefridge.10.Itis__________lateanddark.Let’shurry.11.Intheolddays,somepoorpeopleoften__________hungry.12.Forme,Englishis__________moreandmoreinteresting.13.ThesoupthatMikemade__________terrible.14.WhenlittleTomliedtohisteacher,she__________extremelyangry.15.Weall__________tiredafterthepicniclastnight.2.選擇括號(hào)中的正確答案填空1.I__________(received;accepted)apresentbutIdidn’t__________(receive;accept)it.2.Hermother__________(allowed;agreed)hertogototheparty.3.Iagree__________(with;to)youandIagree__________(with;to)theplan.4.__________(Work;Working)hardandyouwillsucceed.5.Greatchanges__________(havetaken;havebeentaken)placeinourcountryinthepast30years.6.Ihavefinished__________(reading;toread)thenovel.7.Ididn’tgotoyourpartybecauseheforgot__________(totell;telling)me.8.Iforgot__________(posting;topost)theletterandlookedforiteverywhere.9.Thehandsomeyoungman__________(married;marriedwith)thegirllastyear.10.Imissed__________(attending;attended)hislecturebecauseIhadtotakecareofmymom.3.選用每組中合適的動(dòng)詞并用其正確形式填空A.match，fit，suit1.Thisshirtcan__________thissuit.2.Thisdress__________mefine.3.Thecoat__________mewell.It’sneithertoobignortoosmall.B.pay，take，spend，cost1.TravelingaroundParisbytaxican__________alotofmoney.2.It__________mehalfanhourtoreachschooleveryday.3.I__________twohoursindrawinglastnight.4.Whatabeautifulsweater!Howmuchdidyou__________forit?5.It__________meanhourtodomyEnglishhomeworkyesterday.6.I__________anhour(in)doingmyEnglishhomeworkyesterday.7.It__________around3hours(toget)fromBeijingtoShenzhen.8.Asmallnumberofstudents__________twohourssurfingtheInterneteveryday.C.lie（躺，lay，lain，lying），lie（說(shuō)謊，lied，lied，lying），lay（放，laid，laid，laying）1.Shewasilland__________inbed.2.He__________thathedidtheworkallbyhimself.3.She__________herhandonmyshoulder.4.Theman__________onthegroundand__________thathehad__________themoneyonthetable.D.raise，rise1.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,please__________yourhands.2.EveryMondaymorning,we__________ournationalflag.3.Thesun__________intheeastandsetsinthewest.4.She__________fromthetabletogreetherfather.KEYS:1.1.smells,gone2.turned3.looks4.sounds5.grow6.tastes/smells7.seemed/felt/looked8.smell9.stay/keep10.getting11.went12.becoming/getting13.tasted/smelt14.got15.felt/got/became/seemed/looked2.1.received;accept2.allowed3.with;to4.Work5.havetaken6.reading7.totell8.posting9.married10.attending3.A.1.match2.suits3.fitsB.1.cost2.takes3.spent4.pay5.took6.spent7.takes8.spendC.1.lay2.lied3.laid4.lay;lied;laidD.1.raise2.raise3.rises4.rose【課后作業(yè)】1．Mary_______inthegardenwhenitbegantorain．A．waswalkingB.walkedC．walkingD．hadwalk2．English___________inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears．A．hasbeenteachingB.wasbeingtaughtC．hasbeentaughtD．hadbeentaught3．Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe___________militaryservice．A．willfinishB.hasfinishedC．finishD．wouldfinish4．Pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou_______.A．willcomeB.wouldcomeC．shallcomeD．come5．WhenIgottothetopofthemountain，thesun_________．A．shoneB．shinesC．hasshoneD．wasshining6．Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself____________．A．hearingB.beingheardC．tohearD．heard7．Retumthebookimmediatelytothe1ibraryassoonasyou_______withit.A．finishB.arefinishedC．havefinishedD．a(chǎn)refinishing8．Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore________.A．handedtheminB.themhandinginC．beinghandedinD．handingthemin9．Let’sgotothecinematonight．I________foryouatthegate.A.waitB.shallwaitC．a(chǎn)mwaitingD．shallhavewaited10．Thechemktryclass______________forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A．hadbeenonB.wasonC．hasbeenonD．wouldbeon11．BythetimeJuangetshome，heraunt_________.A．willleaveB.leavesC．willhaveleftD．isleaving12．You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm．You_______twoclassesjustlastweek.A．missedB.wouldmissC．hadmissedD．havemissed13．Oneoftheguards__________whenthegeneralcamein，whichmadehimveryangry．A．hassleptB．weresleepingC．sleptD．wassleeping14．“Car17wontherace”“Yes,butitsdrivercamecloseto_______killed．”A.beingB.havingbeenC．beD．havebeen15．AboutthesixthcenturyADwhenfewEuropeanscouldread，theChinese_______paper.A．inventedB.hadinventedC．haveinventedD．hadbeeninvented16．I__________onthedoorfortenminutesnowwithoutananswer．A．wasknockingB.anknockingC．knockingD．havebeenknocking17．Televisionmakesusbetter___________thaneverbefore.A．informB.informingC．informedD．tobeinformed18．Dr．RobertwenttoNewYork，boughtsomebooksand________.A．visitinghisdaughterB.tovisithisdaughterC．visithisdaughterD．visitedhisdaughter19．Thefamousnovelissaid________intoChinese．A．tohavetranslatedB．tobetranslateC．tohavebeentranslatedD．totranslate20．I___________writingthearticlebythetimeyougetback．A．shallfinishB.musthavefinishedC.havefinishedD．shallhavefinished答案1—5．ACBDD6—10．DCCBA11—15．CADAB16—20．DCDC練習(xí)解析1．本句意為：下雨時(shí)，瑪麗正在花園里散步。“散步”這個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作是“開始下雨”這個(gè)瞬間動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景。應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。選A。2．和inthepastfewyears時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且英語(yǔ)是“被教”應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以選C。全句意為：在過(guò)去的幾年里，在我的大學(xué)，老師用新的方法教英語(yǔ)。3．a(chǎn)ssoonas+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。選B。句意為：史密斯服完兵役后要學(xué)醫(yī)。4．nexttime在這里引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“下次你來(lái)的時(shí)候”。同上，選D。5．本句意為：當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽(yáng)光燦爛。“陽(yáng)光燦爛”是持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，作為一種背景，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。選D。6．makeoneselfheard是固定用法，表示“使某人自己被聽到”。選D。7．a(chǎn)ssoonas+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來(lái)完成時(shí)。選C。句意為：你讀完這本書后請(qǐng)立即把它還給圖書館。8．本句意為：在上交你的試驗(yàn)報(bào)告之前，必須仔細(xì)檢查。before在這里作介詞，后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞，而試驗(yàn)報(bào)告應(yīng)該是被上交，因此要用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式。選C。9．本句意為：咱們今天晚上去看電影吧。我在門口等你。根據(jù)句意，“在門口等”應(yīng)該用將來(lái)時(shí)，選B。10．本句意為：我們趕到那的時(shí)候，化學(xué)課已經(jīng)開始五分鐘了?！伴_始五分鐘”應(yīng)該在“趕到那”動(dòng)作之前，也就是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，選A。11．本句意為：娟到家時(shí)，她的阿姨將已經(jīng)走了。從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句bythetimeJuangetshome(gets，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))可以看出，“她的阿姨走”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，而且是她到的時(shí)候，她的阿姨應(yīng)該已經(jīng)走了，所以要用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。選C。12．1astweek是過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選A。13．本句意為：將軍進(jìn)來(lái)的時(shí)候，一個(gè)士兵正在睡覺，這讓將軍非常生氣?！八X”為持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，要用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，選D。14．comecloseto表示“接近，差一點(diǎn)”，其中to是介詞，后面應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞。本句意為：——17號(hào)車贏得了比賽?！堑模緳C(jī)差點(diǎn)死掉。kill應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)形式，表示“被殺死”。而且這里不強(qiáng)調(diào)“被殺死”的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，所以排除B，應(yīng)該選A。15．本句意為：大約在公元六世紀(jì)，當(dāng)歐洲人很少有人認(rèn)字的時(shí)候，中國(guó)人已經(jīng)發(fā)明了紙。“發(fā)明”在“認(rèn)字”之前，也就是過(guò)去的過(guò)去，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選B。16．本句意為：我已經(jīng)敲了十分鐘的門，但沒人應(yīng)答?！扒瞄T”從過(guò)去延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，共持續(xù)了十分鐘，沒有間斷。應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，選D。17．本句意為：電視使我們比以往任何時(shí)候消息更靈通。inform本意為“通知，告之”，在這里，電視應(yīng)該使我們“被通知”，所以選C。18．went，bought和visited應(yīng)該是并列謂語(yǔ)。選D。19．本句意為：這本著名的小說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō)被翻譯成了中文。應(yīng)該是“已經(jīng)被譯成了中文”，所以選C。20．從時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句bythetimeyougetback用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)能看出，“你回來(lái)”應(yīng)該是發(fā)生在將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。到那時(shí)，“我將已經(jīng)寫完這篇文章了”，應(yīng)該用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，選D。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、根據(jù)句意，用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Itisafineday.Thesun__________(shine)brightly.2.They___________(visit)theScienceMuseumnextSunday.3.MrBrown__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.4.MrWang___________(teach)usEnglishtwoyearsago.5.TheSmiths_______________(watch)TVatthistimelastnight.6.We__________(learn)abouttenEnglishsongsbytheendoflastterm.7.Fathersaidthathe____________(buy)anewbikeformethenextFriday.8.Billisn’there.He___________(chat)withhisfriendsintheclassroom.9.Theteachersaidthatthemoon__________(go)roundtheearth.10.TheYoungPioneerswillgotothezooifit____________(notrain)thisSunday.11.Itissaid(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．12.Jimaskeduswhat___________(happen)inChinain1976.13.Mymobilephone___________(steal)onabuslastweek.14.Thehost____________(interview)thelittleboyjustnow.15.TheGreens__________(watch)TVnow.16.Hesaidthathe_____________(ring)meupwhenhegotthere.17.We____________(learn)Englishforaboutthreeyears.18.Mybrother_____________(join)theLeaguein1997.19.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．20.Thefarmers__________(pick)appleswhenIsawthem.21.Thefilm____________(begin)whenIgottothecinema.22.ThegirltoldmethatshewantedtobeanEnglishteacherwhenshe_____(grow)up.23.Mysisterisastudentandshe_____________(study)atamiddleschoolnearby.24.MrGreen__________(travel)toseveralplacesinSouthChinasincehecamehere.25.You_________(catch)theearlybusifyougetupearly.26.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．27.I’llgohomeassoonasI___________(finish)myhomework.28.Mostsciencebooks_______________(write)inEnglish.29.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down.30.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.31.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.32.-What_______knives

______(make)of?

-They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.二、下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)找出并改正過(guò)來(lái)。1.Iwasonlyfourwhenmygrandmotherpassesaway.2.Unfortunately,bythetimeIgotback,theyhavefinishedthescene.3.Ihavebeenpractisingforthreeweeksnow,butIstillcouldn’tgetusedtoit.4.Ifyoulikeyourfriends,youwillenjoyeveryminutethatyouspentwiththem.5.Onedayhewashavingayardsaleandtheoldmanlivingnextdoorcomebytohelp.6.ThisisthefirsttimethatIhadbeenawayfrommyfamilyforsuchalongtime.7.We’vebeenfriendseversinceweareatschooltogether.8.Itwillbeawhilebeforewewillknowtheresults.9.AlicehasreturnedtoAmericaandIdon’tknowwhenIseeheragain.10.Aswasoftenthecase,wheneverIcalledSam,heistalkingonthephone.11.Lotsofstudieshavebeenshownthatglobalwarminghasalreadybecomeaveryseriousproblem.12.Theteachertoldusthatthesunroseintheeast.13.Doyouwanttoknowwhywemovelastweek?14.AtalkonAmericanculturewillbegivingintheschoolhallthisweekend.15.Whenyougetthepaperback,payspecialattentiontowhathavemarked.16.Thesoupwastastedsodeliciousthatthewholefamilyenjoyedit.三、將下列各主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)句。1.Theypayusverybadly._________________________________________________________2.Theyofferedmeapayrise._______________________________________________________3.Theyarestilldiscussingthesametopic._____________________________________________4.Someonewasfollowingus.______________________________________________________5.Theywilllendussomemoney.____________________________________________________6.Theymusthaveredecoratedtheirhouse.____________________________________________7.Nobodyhasseenherforthelasttwoweeks._________________________________________8.Theyadvisedustobuyanewcar._________________________________________________9.Peoplesaythatheisadriver._____________________________________________________10.Theyusedtocutthismaterialbyh