2021英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題限時集訓(xùn)9主旨大意之概括全文主題和段落大意含解析

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精2021新高考英語（山東專用）二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題限時集訓(xùn)9主旨大意之概括全文主題和段落大意含解析專題限時集訓(xùn)(九）主旨大意之概括全文主題和段落大意A(2020·湖南師大附中模擬）TheBluePlanetII'slatestepisodefocusesonhowtheplasticishavingadestructiveeffectontheoceanandslowlypoisoningourseacreatures.ResearchersrecentlyalsofoundthatseacreatureslivinginthedeepestplaceonEarth,theMarianaTrench，haveplasticsintheirstomachs.Indeed，oceansaredrownedinplastics.Thoughitseemsthattheworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics,plasticsarearemarkablyrecentinvention.Thefirstplasticbagswereintroducedinthe1950s，thesamedecadewhenplasticpackagingbegangainingpopularityintheUnitedStates。Thisgrowthhashappenedsofastthatscienceisstillcatchingupwiththechange.Plasticspollutionresearch，forinstance，isstillaveryearlyscience.Weputalltheseplasticsintotheenvironment，butwestilldon’treallyknowwhattheoutcomesaregoingtobe。Whatwedoknow，though，isdisturbing.Theoceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarineanimalseveryyear.Nearly700species，includingendangeredones，areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles，whichoftenmistakeplasticbagsforjellyfish，havebeenfoundwithplasticsintheirbellies。Ninetypercentofseabirdsarenoweatingplasticsonaregularbasis。By2050，thatfigureisexpectedtoriseto100percent。Andit'snotjustwildlifethatisthreatenedbytheplasticsinourseas。Humansareconsumingplasticsthroughtheseafoodweeat.Icouldunderstandwhysomepeopleseetheoceanplasticasadisaster，worthbeingmentionedinthesamebreathasclimatechange。Buttheoceanplasticisnotascomplicatedasclimatechange.Therearenooceantrashdeniers（否認(rèn)者），atleastsofar.Todosomethingaboutit，wedon’thavetoremakeourplanetenergysystem。Thisisnotaproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis.Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit。Weknowhowtodealwithit。Weknowhowtorecycle.Wecanallstartbythinkingtwicebeforeweusesingle.useplasticproducts。Thingsmayseemordinary,likeusingareusablebottleorareusablebag，butwhentakencollectively，thesechoicesreallydomakeadifference.【語篇解讀】塑料（制品）在我們的生活中無處不在，但我們卻把它們都拋到了環(huán)境中，給海洋以及海洋生物造成了災(zāi)難性的影響，同時也對人體造成很大危害。我們要從日常小事做起，注意自己的行為，避免塑料污染。1．Whyisplasticpollutionresearchstillaveryearlyscience？A．Theplasticpollutionresearchistoodifficult.B．Plasticshaveproducedlesspollutionthancoal。C．Plasticshavegainedpopularitytoofastforsciencetocatchupwith。D．Theworldcouldn'tpossiblyfunctionwithoutplastics。C[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，第一批塑料袋出現(xiàn)在20世紀(jì)50年代,同一時期,塑料包裝開始流行起來。塑料的發(fā)展如此之快,以至于科學(xué)研究仍在努力追趕塑料發(fā)展的速度.由此可知，對塑料污染問題的研究才開展不久,是因為塑料發(fā)展速度太快，使得科學(xué)研究沒能及時跟上,故C項正確。］2．HowdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninParagraph3？A．Bycitingquotesfromleadingexperts.B．Bymakingacomparisonandcontrast。C．Bylistingexamplesfromhisownexperience。D．Bypresentingsolidstatistics.D[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“killmillionsofmarineanimals”“Nearly700species"“Oneinthreeleatherbackturtles"“Ninetypercentofseabirds”等可知,作者通過列數(shù)據(jù)來支撐自己的觀點，故選擇D項。］3．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Wereapwhatwesow.B．Theshortestanswerisdoing。C．Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy。D．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B［考查推理判斷.根據(jù)文章最后一段尤其是最后一句的內(nèi)容可知,作者號召我們從一些日常小事做起，這些行動都會有很大的影響。所以B項(最直接的答案就是行動起來）是正確的。］4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage？A．Theoceanshavebeenseriouslypollutedbyplastics。B．Theoceanplasticisaglobalissue.C．TheBluePlanetIIhasleftviewersheartbroken。D．Plasticsgainpopularityallovertheworld.A［考查主旨大意。本文介紹了塑料在給人們的生活帶來便利的同時,也造成了嚴(yán)重的污染，給海洋以及海洋生物造成了災(zāi)難性的影響，同時也對人體造成很大危害。故選A。］BWorldEnvironmentDayiscelebratedannuallyonJune5thandwascreatedtoinspirepeoplearoundtheglobetotakeanactivepartinenvironmentalprotectionandlearnmoreaboutwayswecanhelptoguaranteethefutureofourplanetissafe.TheveryfirstWorldEnvironmentDaytookplacein1974，establishedbytheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyonthefirstdayoftheStockholmConferenceontheHumanEnvironmentthattookplacein1972。EachyeartheUnitedNationspickathemeandahostcitywhereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers，followedbydifferentkindsofexhibitstopromoteenvironmentalawareness.Environmentalists，academicsandscientistscometogethertobringnewideasonthetableconcerningtheenvironment。The2018WorldEnvironmentDayishostedbyIndia，andthethemeisBeatPlasticPollution。Iturgespeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbagstoreducetheproductionanduseofdisposableplastic，whichmakesup10％ofallofthewaste。EventhoughtheUnitedNationspickaspecifichostcityeveryyear，peoplearoundtheworldstillcelebrateWorldEnvironmentDayintheirhometownswithparades(游行），concerts，cleaningupandtreeplantingandallkindsofgreenactionstoworktowardshavingabeautifulplanetandbattlingpollution.WorldEnvironmentDayisnotapublicholiday，soyouwon’tbegettingthedayoffworkorschool，butifyouwanttocelebrate,whynotbringittotheattentionofyourparents，friends，colleaguesorclassmates？WorldEnvironmentDayisallaboutworkingtogethertotakeactionfortheplanet，sotrytogeteveryoneyouknowinterestedinhelpingdosomething.Thingsassmallasmakingsurepeoplehaveawaytorecyclecanmakeadifference.Youcouldalsotrybeautifyingyourneighborhoodbyplantinggardens，learnaboutgreenfoods，raisemoneyforalocalwildlifeconservationgroupofsimplylearnabouttheeffectsofdifferentproductsontheearth.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界環(huán)境日的由來和情況，呼吁全員行動起來幫助保護(hù)地球。5．WhyisWorldEnvironmentDaysetup？A．Tomakepeopleknowmoreaboutnature.B．Toaskpeopletohelptoprotecttheglobe。C．Towarnpeopleofthedangerofairpollution。D．Toencouragepeopletoplantheearth'sfuture。B［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第一段中的不定式所作的目的狀語toinspire可以看出，世界環(huán)境日的目的是鼓勵人們積極參與環(huán)境保護(hù)并學(xué)會很多方法來幫助確保地球?qū)淼陌踩?，故選B.]6．WhatdopeopledoonWorldEnvironmentDay?A．Decideahostcity。B．Holdathemeparty。C．Discussenvironmentalideas。D．Showsomeplasticproducts.C［考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。從第二段中的“whereanyonewhoisconcernedabouttheenvironmentcantalkaboutenvironmentaltopicswithothers"以及第二段最后一句可以看出,人們主要是在這一天討論環(huán)境問題.］7．Whichofthefollowingwordsistheclosestinmeaningto“disposable”inParagraph3?A．High。cost. B．Poor-quality.C．Second。hand. D．Single-use。D［考查詞義猜測.從第三段中的BeatPlasticPollution可以看出，2018年的主題是“塑戰(zhàn)速決”，再結(jié)合畫線詞前面的“Iturgespeopletoexploreandchoosesupportablealternativeslikepaperorclothbags”和后面的“whichmakesup10%ofallofthewaste"可知，disposableplastic造成大量資源浪費，所以“一次性的”符合語境，故選D項。］8．What'sthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Everybitofeffortcounts。B．Doingisbetterthansaying.C．Manyhandsmakelightwork.D．Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart。A［考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,世界環(huán)境日不是公共節(jié)日，所以人們不放假。但如果你想慶祝的話,為何不讓你周圍的人關(guān)注它呢？所以最后一段主要是講每個人都可以從身邊小事做起，行動起來保護(hù)地球，每個人的微小努力都很重要，故選A項。］CThepolicerecentlycaughtthesuspectedGoldenStateKillerusingatooltheycouldonlyhavedreamedofdecadesago，whenashockingseriesofmurdersshookCalifornia:adatabasefilledwithpeople’sgeneticdata(基因數(shù)據(jù)）．Thepoliceusedanopen。sourcedatabasecalledGEDmatchtofindrelativeswhomatchedgeneticmaterialtakenfromatoldcrimescene，thenworkedbackwardtoidentifyandcatchthe72。year。oldformerpoliceofficerJosephJamesDeAngelo。GEDmatch’s950,000usersvoluntarilyuploadandsharetheirgeneticinformation，makingitaccessibletootherswhosharetheirowndata—includinglawenforcementagencies（執(zhí)法機(jī)關(guān))．Morethanadozenothersimilarplatformsalsoexist。“Ifyourrelativeshavecontributedandyouarepartofevenafamilytreethatappearsonlineinoneofthesesharedresources，youcanbeindirectlytrackedthroughthecombinationoftheirDNAandthepubliclyavailablefamilyhistory，”saysDrRobertGreen,amedicalgeneticistatHarvardMedicalSchool。Datesenttocommercialcompanieslike23andMe，whichhasover5millioncustomers，ismuchtougherforoutsiderstoaccess，butthecasehasstillhighlightedtheissueofgeneticprivacy.Althoughmanygenetic。testingcompanieshavebeenaskedtocooperatewithlegalinvestigations，andclearlywarncustomersofthispossibility,notallrequestsarehonored?！?3andMehasnevergivencustomerinformationtolaw.enforcementofficials，”acompanyrepresentativetoldTime.Therisksofkeepingsuchsensitivedatearehigh.Thepotentialforabuseexists；forexample，insurancecompaniescouldtheoreticallyusegeneticdatetorefusecoverage（保險范圍）,Greensays.Butthesystemsinplacetopreventmisuseappeartobeworking.OneistheGeneticInformationNondiscriminationActof2008,alawthatprotectsconsumersfromemploymentandinsurancediscriminationrelatedtogenetics。Aslongasthat'sthecase，Greensays,“thegoodofgenetictestsoutweighsthebad.”SharonZehe，alawyerforthedepartmentoflaboratorymedicineandpathologyattheMayoClinic,takesamorecautiousapproach.“Familytreeservicescanbefun，butmakesureyouareusingareputableorganizationthathasstrongprivacypoliciesinplace,”shesays?！癎eneticdataisbiologicallyasimportantasafingerprint."【語篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。警方利用遺傳基因數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)識別并逮捕了“金州殺手”嫌疑人。合法使用基因數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)可以幫助警方破案，但是基因數(shù)據(jù)庫的保密風(fēng)險很高，一旦泄露將對個人隱私造成嚴(yán)重的危害.9．WhoistheGoldenStateKiller?A．RobertGreen。B．J