河南省2022-2023學年高三畢業(yè)班下學期階段性測試（四）英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁2022-2023學年高中畢業(yè)班階段性測試（四）英語考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Food.B.Weather.C.Pets.2.Howdoesthemanfeelrightnow?A.Sorry.B.Angry.C.Delighted.3.Whyisthewomaninahurry?A.Shewillmissherflight.B.Shehastoattendameeting.C.Shehastokeepanappointment.4.Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A.Adoctor.B.Astudent.C.Asecretary.5.WhatcanweknowaboutProfessorSmith?A.Sheisverybusy.B.Shehasretired.C.Shewillbefreetomorrow.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatprobablyhappenedtotheman?A.Hegotaheadache.B.Hehadhisfeetinjured.C.Hehadabrokenarm.7.What’sthedoctor’ssuggestionfortheman?A.Takingmedicineregularly.B.Stayingforanotherday.C.Havingacheckup.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Husbandandwife.C.Managerandclerk.9.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Heisoftenlateforwork.B.Healwaysrepairsthealarmclockbyhimself.C.Hiscaroftenbreaksdownonthewaytowork.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.What’sthewomandoingnow?A.Makinganapology.B.Doingrepairs.C.Makingacomplaint.11.Whendidthewomancallroomservice?A.Before8pm.B.Atnoon.C.Around9pm.12.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman’sroom?A.Ithasabrokenlight.B.Ithasnobathroom.C.Itisbeautifullydecorated.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.WhereisMr.Smithfrom?A.Canada.B.TheUK.C.TheUSA.14.WhyafestivalcalledBoxingDaywasadded?A.Peoplelikedboxing.B.Peoplewantedalongerholiday.C.Peopleneededadaytocollectboxes.15.WhendidMr.SmithcometoChina?A.Twoyearsago.B.Lastyear.C.Lastmonth.16.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Shopping.B.Festivals.C.Theman’sexperience.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowmanyAntarctictripshasXuelong-2completed?A.18.B.29.C.38.18.WhenarethescientistsexpectedtoreturntoChina?A.InJune2023.B.InMarch2023.C.InApril2023.19.Whichfieldisincludedinthecrew’sAntarcticresearchplan?A.Waterenvironment.B.Oceancurrents.C.Polaranimals.20.Whichstationswillgetsuppliesfromthetwoicebreakers?A.TheZhongshanandKunlunstations.B.TheTaishanandGreatWallstations.C.TheGreatWallandZhongshanstations.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheCoolCultureFamilyPassisacardthatallowsparticipatingfamiliesfreeandunlimitedgeneraladmissionto90participatingculturalinstitutionsinNewYorkCityforoneyear.EligibilityFamiliesmustsignupthroughtheirchildcareprograms,notthroughCoolCulture.Yourfamilyiseligible(有資格的)foraFamilyPassonlyifyouhaveachildenrolled(招收)inaparticipatingearlychildhoodprogramthatiscurrentlyenrolledwithCoolCulture.Contactyourschoolorchildcarecenter’sCulturalLiaison,sometimesknownasaparentcoordinator,andaskwhethertheyofferCoolCulture’sFamilyPass.CoolCultureworksexclusivelywithearlychildhoodprogramsinunderservedcommunities,including:ChildCareHeadStartUniversalPre-KindergartenSelectTitleIPublicElementarySchoolsFormoreinformation,askyourprogram’sparentcoordinator,director,orprincipaltocontacttheCoolCultureprogramatinfo@.UsingthePassFamiliespresenttheircurrentFamilyPassuponenteringaparticipatingmuseum,botanicalgarden,zooorsciencecenter.Atleastoneadultinthefamily,presentatthetimeofthevisit,musthavethelastnameprintedonthecard.InstitutionsmayrequesttoseephotoidentificationofthepassholdertomatchthenameontheFamilyPass.ThePassallowsupto5individuals(includingthePassholder)freegeneraladmission.YoucanusetheFamilyPassfromthetimeyoureceiveituntilitsexpirationonOctober31stofthecurrentyear.1.WhatcanyoudowithaFamilyPass?A.Getfreecommunityservices.B.GetenrolledwithCoolCulture.C.Visitculturalinstitutionsforfree.D.Participateinearlychildhoodprograms.2.What’sthefirststepingettingaFamilyPass?A.Gettingemployedinacommunity.B.PayingafeeformakingtheFamilyPass.C.ApplyingformembershipthroughCoolCulture.D.JoiningachildhoodprogramenrolledwithCoolCulture.3.WhatinformationisincludedontheFamilyPass?A.Thecardholder’seducation.B.Thelastnameofanadultfamilymember.C.Afamilyphotoofthecardholder.D.Thecardholder’snationality.【答案】1.C2.D3.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文?！翱嵛幕彝ネㄐ凶C”是一張允許參與家庭在一年內(nèi)免費和無限制地進入紐約市90個參與文化機構(gòu)的卡。文章對此進行了宣傳?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“TheCoolCultureFamilyPassisacardthatallowsparticipatingfamiliesfreeandunlimitedgeneraladmissionto90participatingculturalinstitutionsinNewYorkCityforoneyear.(酷文化家庭通行證是一張卡，允許參與的家庭在一年內(nèi)免費無限制地進入紐約市90家參與的文化機構(gòu)。)”可知，你能用家庭通行證免費參觀文化機構(gòu)。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段前兩句“Familiesmustsignupthroughtheirchildcareprograms,notthroughCoolCulture.Yourfamilyiseligible(有資格的)foraFamilyPassonlyifyouhaveachildenrolled(招收)inaparticipatingearlychildhoodprogramthatiscurrentlyenrolledwithCoolCulture.(家庭必須通過他們的兒童保育項目報名，而不是通過酷文化報名。只有當您的孩子參加了目前在酷文化注冊的參與幼兒計劃時，您的家庭才有資格獲得家庭通行證。)”可知，獲得家庭通行證的第一步是加入酷文化的兒童項目。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UsingthePass部分中的“Atleastoneadultinthefamily,presentatthetimeofthevisit,musthavethelastnameprintedonthecard.(探訪時，家庭中至少有一名成年人必須將姓氏印在卡片上。)”可知，家庭通行證包含的信息有成年家庭成員的姓氏。故選B。BMichaelMcGuiregotoffworkatthecoalmineandrushedtoRuppArenaattheUniversityofKentucky.Hewascoveredindirtfromwork,nothavinghadtimetoshowerafterhisshift,buthehadsomethingimportanttodo:watchabasketballgamewithhis3-year-oldson.AsMcGuireandhissonenjoyedthegametogether,afansnappedaphoto—anditquicklywentviral.ItevenmadeittoUniversityofKentuckyMen’sBasketballCoachJohnCalipari,whowasmovedbytheimage.Caliparisaidthatwhenhewassentthephoto,ithithim“rightbetweentheeyes”.Thecoachtweetedthephotoandsharedwhyitmadesuchanimpactonhim:“Myfamily’sAmericandreamstartedinaClarksburg,WestVirginiacoalmine,sothispicturehitshome,”hewrote.HesaidhewantedtogivethefamilyVIPticketsandafteraskingaround,hewasabletogetincontactwithMcGuire’swife,Mollie.MollietoldCalipariherhusbandwashumbleandhard-working.“Thisishardwork.Andhe’sagreatfather.He’sdonethismanytimes,”Molliesaid.WhenCaliparigotonthephonewithMcGuire,thedadtoldthecoachthatwhenhewascalledintotheofficeatwork,hethoughthehaddonesomethingwrong.Butwhenhewalkedin,everyonewascheeringforhim.CaliparisaidMcGuirewantedtobeatthegamesobadly—“hewaswillingtoleavewithoutshowering,withoutchanging,justgetinhiscarandgobecausehegotoutoftheminelate.”“Itwasn’taboutthat.Itwasthathewantedtobetherewithhisson.That’swhyhedidit,”thecoachsaid.“AndIappreciateitbecauseit’showmyfamilygottheirstartinthiscountry.TheAmericandreamstartedinacoalmineinClarksburg,WestVirginia,”Caliparisaid.4.WhydidMcGuirerushtoRuppArenaafterwork?A.Hepromisedtomeethisfans. B.Heexpectedtoplaybasketball.C.Hewantedtostaywithhisson. D.HewaseagertomeetCalipari.5.WhatdidMcGuire’spictureonlineremindCalipariof?A.Hisownchildren. B.Hisfamilyhistory.C.Hisbasketballteam. D.Hisworkinacoalmine.6.HowdidMcGuirefeeljustbeforeenteringtheofficeatwork?A.Regretful. B.Delighted. C.Hopeful. D.Nervous.7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”refertointhelastparagraph?A.Thebasketballgame. B.McGuire’scar.C.Takingashower. D.Thecoalmine.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章講述了肯塔基州煤礦工人McGuire為了能及時到球場陪伴3歲兒子觀看籃球賽，下班后穿著工作服匆忙趕往球場，灰頭土臉地陪兒子一起看球，沒想到父子倆的照片被網(wǎng)友上傳網(wǎng)絡(luò)，吸引無數(shù)人點贊。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“MichaelMcGuiregotoffworkatthecoalmineandrushedtoRuppArenaattheUniversityofKentucky.Hewascoveredindirtfromwork,nothavinghadtimetoshowerafterhisshift,buthehadsomethingimportanttodo:watchabasketballgamewithhis3-year-oldson.（MichaelMcGuire從煤礦下了班，急忙趕到肯塔基大學的拉普體育館。他滿身都是工作留下的污垢，下班后沒有時間洗澡，但他有重要的事情要做：和3歲的兒子一起看籃球比賽。）”可知，McGuire匆忙趕往拉普體育館是了陪伴自己的兒子。故選C項。【5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thecoachtweetedthephotoandsharedwhyitmadesuchanimpactonhim:“Myfamily’sAmericandreamstartedinaClarksburg,WestVirginiacoalmine,sothispicturehitshome,”hewrote.（這位教練在推特上發(fā)布了這張照片，并分享了為什么這張照片對他產(chǎn)生了如此大的影響：“我的家人的美國夢始于西弗吉尼亞州克拉克斯堡的一個煤礦，所以這張照片切中要害，”他寫道。）”可知，McGuire在網(wǎng)上流傳的照片讓籃球教練Calipari想起了自己的家庭早年移民美國后在克拉克斯堡煤礦工作的歷史。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“WhenCaliparigotonthephonewithMcGuire,thedadtoldthecoachthatwhenhewascalledintotheofficeatwork,hethoughthehaddonesomethingwrong.（Calipari和McGuire通電話時，這位父親告訴教練，當他被叫到辦公室工作時，他以為自己做錯了什么。）”可知，當McGuire被召喚進入自己煤礦領(lǐng)導的辦公室前，以為自己犯了錯誤。由此推知，那時他心里忐忑不安，應(yīng)該很緊張（nervous）。故選D項?！?題詳解】指代猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Itwasn’taboutthat.Itwasthathewantedtobetherewithhisson.（……不是問題所在。而是他想和兒子在一起。）”可知，McGuire下班后匆忙離開煤礦去大學的體育館，真實原因并不是因為他喜愛籃球運動，而是要陪伴自己的兒子觀看籃球比賽。由此推知，that指代“籃球比賽”。故選A項。CAsartificialintelligenceincreasinglybecomesapartofourlives,itisimportanttounderstandhowinteractingwitharobotthatdisplayshuman-likebehaviorsmightleadtohigherlikelihoodofperceivingtherobotasanintentionalone.Acrossthreeexperimentsinvolving119participants,researchersattheItalianInstituteofTechnologyrecentlyexaminedhowindividualswouldperceiveahuman-likerobot,theiCub,aftersocializingwithitandwatchingvideostogether.Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthemtochoosewhethertherobot’smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.Forexample,threephotosshowingtherobotselectingatoolaskedtheparticipantstodeterminewhethertherobot“graspedtheclosestobject”or“wasfascinatedbytooluse.”Inthefirsttwoexperiments,theresearchersremotelycontrollediCub’sactionssoitwouldbehavegregariously,greetingparticipants,introducingitselfandaskingfortheparticipants’names.Camerasintherobot’seyeswerealsoabletorecognizeparticipants’facesanditcanmaintaineyecontact.Theparticipantsthenwatchedthreeshortdocumentaryvideoswiththerobot,whichwasprogrammedtorespondtothevideoswithsoundsandfacialexpressionsofsadness,aweorhappiness.Inthethirdexperiment,theresearchersprogrammediCubtobehavemorelikeamachinewhileitwatchedvideoswiththeparticipants.Thecamerasintherobot’seyesweredeactivatedsoitcouldnotmaintaineyecontactanditonlyspokerecordedsentencestotheparticipants.Allemotionalreactionstothevideoswerereplacedwitha“beep”andrepetitivemovementsofitsbody,headandneck.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththehuman-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot’sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethosewhoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.Thisshowsthatmereexposuretoahuman-likerobotisnotenoughtomakepeoplebelieveitiscapableofthoughtsandemotions.Itishuman-likebehaviorthatmightbecrucialforbeingperceivedasanintentionalrobot.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthequestionnaireintheexperiments?AItshowsiCubinteractingwithhumans.B.Itcontainsalistofcomplexquestions.C.Itdescribestherobotintoughsituations.D.ItshowsiCubinvolvedindifferentactivities.9.HowdidiCubactinthethirdexperiment?A.Itletoutmoreemotionalsounds. B.Ittotallyignoredtheparticipants.C.Itgreetedthehumansoccasionally. D.Itcommunicatedonlythroughtheeyes.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gregariously”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Formally. B.Strangely. C.Sociably. D.Effectively.11.What’stheparticipants’impressionofiCubinthefirsttwoexperiments?A.It’sintentional. B.It’smagical.C.It’smechanical. D.It’swell-controlled.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項研究通過三個實驗來證明機器人可能有獨立思考的能力?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Beforeandafterinteractingwiththerobot,participantscompletedaquestionnairethatshowedthempicturesoftherobotindifferentsituationsandaskedthemtochoosewhethertherobot’smotivationineachsituationwasmechanicalorintentional.(在與機器人互動前后，參與者完成了一份調(diào)查問卷，向他們展示了機器人在不同情況下的照片，并要求他們選擇機器人在每種情況下的動機是機械的還是故意的)”可知，實驗中的問卷顯示了iCub在不同情景中的各種活動。故選D。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inthethirdexperiment,theresearchersprogrammediCubtobehavemorelikeamachinewhileitwatchedvideoswiththeparticipants.Thecamerasintherobot’seyesweredeactivatedsoitcouldnotmaintaineyecontactanditonlyspokerecordedsentencestotheparticipants.Allemotionalreactionstothevideoswerereplacedwitha“beep”andrepetitivemovementsofitsbody,headandneck.(在第三個實驗中，研究人員對iCub進行了編程，使其在與參與者一起觀看視頻時表現(xiàn)得更像一臺機器。機器人眼睛里的攝像頭被關(guān)閉了，因此它不能保持眼神交流，只能對參與者說錄制好的句子。所有對視頻的情緒反應(yīng)都被“嗶”聲和它的身體、頭部和頸部的重復動作所取代)”可知，在第三個實驗中，iCub沒有了人性化的情緒展示，只是按照本身預設(shè)的程序做出反應(yīng)，不再和身邊的參試者有情感化的交流。由此推知，在第三個實驗中iCub完全忽略了參與者。故選B?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“Inthefirsttwoexperiments,theresearchersremotelycontrollediCub’sactionssoitwouldbehavegregariously,greetingparticipants,introducingitselfandaskingfortheparticipants’names.(在前兩個實驗中，研究人員遠程控制iCub的行為，使其表現(xiàn)得gregariously，向參與者打招呼，自我介紹，并詢問參與者的名字)”可知，iCub向參與者打招呼，自我介紹并詢問他們的名詞。由此可知，iCub表現(xiàn)得非常善于交際，即劃線詞意為“善于交際的”，與sociably同義。故選C。【11題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantswhowatchedvideoswiththehuman-likerobotweremorelikelytoratetherobot’sactionsasintentional,ratherthanprogrammed,whilethosewhoonlyinteractedwiththemachine-likerobotwerenot.(研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，與類人機器人一起觀看視頻的參與者更有可能認為機器人的行為是故意的，而不是程序化的，而那些只與類人機器人互動的參與者則不然)”可知，前兩個實驗中的參試者都認為機器人iCub是有意為之。故選A。DApesintheWaibiracommunityofEastAfricanchimpanzeesinUgandabegandiggingsmallwellstoaccessorfilterdrinkingwater,accordingtoresearchfromtheUniversityofKent.Theteamnotedthatintheanimalkingdom,thisisafairlyuncommonbehavior.Itisthefirsttimethewell-diggingbehaviorhasbeenseeninrainforestchimpanzees,anditisthoughtthatafemalechimpanzeenamedOnyofi,whoimmigrated(移居)therein2015,isresponsible.Onyofiisthoughttohavecomefromawell-diggingfamily,andaftersheshowedoffhertalent,Waibirachimpanzeesandadultfemaleswereobservedimitatingher.Althoughnoadultmaleswereseendigging,theyfrequentlyusedthewellsthatothershadalreadydug.Thefact—Onyofi’swell-diggingbehaviorattractedalotofattentionfromtheotherchimpanzeesinthegroupandshewascloselyobservedbyboththeyoungandotheradults—suggeststhatbeforeshefirstarrived,theWaibiracommunityhadneverseenthisbehavior.Herwellsappeartobewell-liked,asevidencedbythefactthatotherchimpanzeesdrinkdirectlyfromthemorslake(消除)theirthirstwithchewed-upleaves,suggestingthatwellwatermayhavesomeadditionaladvantages.Thebehavior’sexistencealsoemphasizeshowcrucialtheresourceofwateris,evenforpopulationsthatliveinrainforests.GroupsliketheWaibiramaybeabletothriveevenastheirlocalhabitatchangesasaresultofclimatechange.HellaPéter,aPh.D.inbiologicalanthropology,clarifiedthatdrillingwellsistypicallydonetogainaccesstowaterinextremelydryhabitats.Thereareaboutthreesavannahlivinggroupsofchimpanzeesthatdothis.ButwhathadbeenwitnessedinWaibirawassomewhatdistinctfromthegroupsinthesavannah.Healsomadetheinterestingobservationthatthewellsallappearclosetoopenwater,indicatingthattheirpurposeisprobablytofilterratherthangetthewater.Waterfromawellmaybepurerorhaveadifferentflavorforthechimpanzees,NewsBreakreports.12.WhatcanbelearntaboutthewellsinWaibira?A.Theyweredugbymaleapes. B.Theyweredugbyaforeigner.C.Theyweredugbyunknownanimals. D.Theyweredugbyapesintherainforest.13.Whatcanweknowaboutthechimpanzeegroupsinthesavannah?A.Theydigwellstogetwater. B.Theyprefertolivealone.C.Theyliveclosetoopenwater. D.Theirhabitatshavebeendamaged.14.AccordingtoHella,whydotheWaibiracommunitydigwells?A.Tosaveotheranimals. B.Tosurviveindryweather.C.Togetcleanerwater. D.Toshowofftheirtalents.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Rainforestchimpanzeesdigwellsforcleanerwater.B.Growthandbehavioralchangesseeninchimpanzees.C.Rainforestchimpanzeeslearntoadapttoclimatechange.D.Learnedbehaviorsspreadamongrainforestchimpanzees.【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了雨林黑猩猩學會鑿井技能以獲得更純凈的飲用水?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisthefirsttimethewell-diggingbehaviorhasbeenseeninrainforestchimpanzees(這是第一次在雨林黑猩猩中發(fā)現(xiàn)挖井行為)”可知，懷比拉的井是黑猩猩在雨林中挖出來的。故選D?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thereareaboutthreesavannahlivinggroupsofchimpanzeesthatdothis.(大約有三種生活在大草原上的黑猩猩會這樣做。)”可知，研究人員在生活在大草原上的三個大猩猩種群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了鑿井行為。故選A。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Healsomadetheinterestingobservationthatthewellsallappearclosetoopenwater,indicatingthattheirpurposeisprobablytofilterratherthangetthewater.(他還做了一個有趣的觀察，所有的井看起來都靠近開放的水域，這表明它們的目的可能是過濾而不是取水。)”可知，HellaPéter博士認為，懷比拉地區(qū)的大猩猩在附近有充足水源的情況下鑿井，是為了得到更加純凈的、質(zhì)量更好的飲用水。故選C?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ApesintheWaibiracommunityofEastAfricanchimpanzeesinUgandabegandiggingsmallwellstoaccessorfilterdrinkingwater,accordingtoresearchfromtheUniversityofKent.(根據(jù)肯特大學的研究，烏干達東非黑猩猩懷比拉社區(qū)的猿類開始挖小井來獲取或過濾飲用水。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹雨林黑猩猩學會鑿井技能以獲得更純凈的飲用水。所以“Rainforestchimpanzeesdigwellsforcleanerwater.(雨林黑猩猩挖井取水。)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’seasytoignoretheimportanceofhavinghighself-esteem(自尊).However,havingpositivepersonalregardcanbethedifferencebetweenfeelinggoodaboutandtakingcareofyourselfandnot.We’velikelyheardtheadvice—believeinyourself,valueyourself,beyourowncheerleader,andyoucan’tfullyloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Andallofthatistrue.____16____?Herearethreethingstoknowaboutself-esteem:Self-esteemhelpsyou.Itgivesyouthecouragetotrynewthings,ormakenewfriends.Withself-esteem,youbelieveinyourself.Youknowthatgoodthingscanhappenwhenyoutry.Self-esteemhelpsyouwhenthingsdon’tgoyourway.____17____.Ifyoumissthesoccergoalorlosealibrarybook,youdon’tgettoomadatyourself.Youjusttryagain.Youfindawaytodobetter.____18____.Itmakeskidsfeelunsure.Theydon’tthinktheycandothingswell.Withlowself-esteem,kidsmightnottry.Theymightnotgoaftertheirgoals.Theymightbeafraidtofail.Lowself-esteemmakeslosingseemworsethanitis.____19____.Itmakesithardtogetoverthingsthatdon’tgowell.Insteadoftryingagain,kidswithlowself-esteemmightgiveup.Youcanbuildyourself-esteem.Self-esteemcanstartwiththingsparentssaywhenakidisveryyoung.Aparentmighttellababy,“Lookwhatyoucando—you’rewalkingallbyyourself!”Beingtoldgoodthingsmakesthebabyfeelproudandfeelgood.Asyougetolder,self-esteemcangrow.Parentsandteacherscanletyouknowtheyseegoodthingsinyou.____20____.Youcanbuildyourownself-esteemtoo.Noticewhenyoutrynewthings.Noticewhenyoulearntodosomething.Didyoutryanewsport?Didyoulearntorideabike,playasong,ordoamathproblem?Behappyandproud.Youdon’thavetobragoutloud,butyoucangiveyourselfaquietlittlehighfive.Yay,you!A.IthelpsyouacceptmistakesB.Lowself-esteemcanhurtyouC.FriendscanhelpyoufeellikedD.ItmakesmistakesseembiggerthantheyareE.ButwhatexactlydoesthatreallymeaninreallifeF.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouloveeverythingaboutyourselfG.Howexactlydoyouknowifyourself-esteemishighenough【答案】16.E17.A18.B19.D20.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了關(guān)于自尊的三件事以及建立自尊的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“It’seasytoignoretheimportanceofhavinghighself-esteem(自尊).However,havingpositivepersonalregardcanbethedifferencebetweenfeelinggoodaboutandtakingcareofyourselfandnot.We’velikelyheardtheadvice—believeinyourself,valueyourself,beyourowncheerleader,andyoucan’tfullyloveothersuntilyouloveyourself.Andallofthatistrue.(人們很容易忽視高度自尊的重要性。然而，擁有積極的個人關(guān)注可能是感覺良好和照顧自己與不照顧自己之間的區(qū)別。我們可能聽過這樣的建議——相信自己，珍惜自己，做自己的啦啦隊長，只有愛自己，你才能完全愛別人。這些都是真的)”以及后文問號，可知，本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，提出與高度自尊相關(guān)的意義。故E選項“但這在現(xiàn)實生活中究竟意味著什么呢”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Self-esteemhelpsyou.Itgivesyouthecouragetotrynewthings,ormakenewfriends.Withself-esteem,youbelieveinyourself.Youknowthatgoodthingscanhappenwhenyoutry.Self-esteemhelpsyouwhenthingsdon’tgoyourway.(自尊會幫助你。它給了你嘗試新事物或結(jié)交新朋友的勇氣。有了自尊，你就相信自己。你知道只要你努力，好事就會發(fā)生。當事情不如你所愿時，自尊會幫助你)”可知，本句承接上文說明自尊是如何幫助你的，A選項中It指代上文Self-esteem。故A選項“它能幫助你接受錯誤”符合語境，故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Itmakeskidsfeelunsure.Theydon’tthinktheycandothingswell.Withlowself-esteem,kidsmightnottry.Theymightnotgoaftertheirgoals.Theymightbeafraidtofail.Lowself-esteemmakeslosingseemworsethanitis.(它讓孩子們感到不確定。他們不認為自己能把事情做好。自尊心低的孩子可能不會嘗試。他們可能不會去追求自己的目標。他們可能害怕失敗。自卑會讓失敗看起來比實際更糟糕)”可知，后文提到了自卑會讓失敗看起來比實際更糟糕，說明自卑會造成傷害，后文It指代B選項中Lowself-esteem。故B選項“自卑會傷害你”符合語境，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Lowself-esteemmakeslosingseemworsethanitis.(自卑會讓失敗看起來比實際更糟糕)”以及后文“Itmakesithardtogetoverthingsthatdon’tgowell.Insteadoftryingagain,kidswithlowself-esteemmightgiveup.(它讓你很難克服不順利的事情。自尊心低的孩子可能會放棄，而不是再試一次)”可知，本句主要是在列舉自卑給人造成的不良影響。故D選項“它使錯誤看起來比它們更大”符合語境，故選D。【20題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Parentsandteacherscanletyouknowtheyseegoodthingsinyou.(父母和老師可以讓你知道他們在你身上看到了好的東西)”可知，本句與上文都是在說明周圍人給予的積極反饋，故C選項“朋友能讓你感覺被喜歡”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。CherylBreitlowworksintheICUatahospitalinHartford,Wis.Sheisgratefulfortheopportunities____21____giveshertoconnectwithpeople.“IlearnlifelessonsasIhearlifestoriesand____22____lifeeventsofpeople…people____23____physicallyormentally,”Breitlowsays.“Nursingisinterpersonal,andI____24____that.”WithCOVID-19continuingtoravage(劫掠)hercommunity,Breitlowandhercolleagueshaveto____25____newchallenges.Theyareworkinglongerhours,andworkingharderastheyfollow____26____guidelinesthatarealwayschanging.“Visitorrestrictionshavemadepatientcareevenmore____27____,”shesays.“Front-linecaregiversare____28____thatwearethepatients’____29____fortheshortterm.Weneedtobe____30____!”Now,morethanever,Breitlowhastofocusontheinterpersonal____31____ofherjob.Onelifelessonshehaslearnedishow____32____familiesfeelwhentheycan’tbewiththeirlovedonesintheICUbecauseofCOVID-19.Withthese____33____,atpresent,Cheryl____34____everyphonecallshemakestoherpatients’lovedones.“Ihavetriedtomakethesephonecallsnotonly____35____informative,butalsopersonally____36____,”shesays.Despitehowhardthisyearhasbeen,sheisalwaysproudand____37____.“Iworkcloselywithmycolleaguesto____38____thesecriticallyillpatients.Alldepartmentsworktogetherand____39____evenwhenfacingdifficulty.MyheartisfilledwithgratitudeasIleave,knowingImadeadifferenceandknowingthatthose____40____mewillmakeadifference,too.”21.A.teaching B.nursing C.travelling D.volunteering22.A.assess B.recall C.witness D.describe23.A.exercising B.celebrating C.improving D.struggling24.A.love B.ignore C.doubt D.advocate25.A.insiston B.adaptto C.putoff D.bringup26.A.similar B.individual C.popular D.additional27.A.stable B.boring C.flexible D.challenging28.A.aware B.curious C.puzzled D.ashamed29.A.world B.burden C.future D.focus30.A.independent B.imaginative C.present D.distant31.A.rule B.nature C.concept D.trend32.A.annoyed B.helpless C.shocked D.glad33.A.objects B.purposes C.comments D.limitations34.A.values B.reports C.marks D.checks35.A.regularly B.technically C.medically D.spiritually36.A.comforting B.shining C.convincing D.demanding37.A.casual B.excited C.grateful D.attractive38.A.sendout B.carefor C.setaside D.referto39.A.worry B.risk C.smile D.quit40.A.reminding B.treating C.greeting D.following【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.D27.D28.A29.A30.C31.B32.B33.D34.A35.C36.A37.C38.B39.C40.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了CherylBreitlow在威斯康星州哈特福德一家醫(yī)院的重癥監(jiān)護室工作。她很感激護理工作給了她與人交流的機會。疫情期間，她也積極給予病人和家屬幫助?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她很感激護理工作給了她與人交流的機會。A.teaching教；B.nursing護理；C.travelling旅行；D.volunteering志愿。根據(jù)上文“CherylBreitlowworksintheICUatahospitalinHartford(CherylBreitlow在哈特福德一家醫(yī)院的重癥監(jiān)護室工作)”可知，她的工作是護理，故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我聽到人們的生活故事，目睹人們的生活事件時，我學到人生的教訓……A.assess評價；B.recall回憶起；C.witness目擊；D.describe描述。根據(jù)后文“l(fā)ifeeventsofpeople”指她目睹人們的生活事件。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：人們在身體上或精神上掙扎……A.exercising鍛煉；B.celebrating慶祝；C.improving改善；D.struggling掙扎。根據(jù)第一段可知她在重癥監(jiān)護室工作，所以是目睹了人們在身體或精神上的掙扎。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：護理是人際關(guān)系，我喜歡這一點。A.love愛；B.ignore忽視；C.doubt懷疑；D.advocate提倡。呼應(yīng)第一段中“Sheisgratefulfortheopportunities”指她喜歡護理工作中人際關(guān)系的部分，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：隨著COVID-19繼續(xù)肆虐她的社區(qū)，Breitlow和她的同事們必須適應(yīng)新的挑戰(zhàn)。A.insiston堅持；B.adaptto適應(yīng)；C.putoff推遲；D.bringup撫養(yǎng)。根據(jù)后文“newchallenges”指適應(yīng)新的挑戰(zhàn)。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們工作時間更長，工作更努力，因為他們要遵循不斷變化額外指導方針。A.similar相似的；B.individual個人的；C.popular受歡迎的；D.additional附加的。根據(jù)后文“guidelinesthatarealwayschanging”可知，他們工作時間更長，工作更努力，因為他們要遵循不斷變化的額外指導方針。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：來訪者限制使病人護理更具挑戰(zhàn)性。A.stable穩(wěn)定的；B.boring無聊的；C.flexible靈活的；D.challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)上文“WithCOVID-19continuingtoravage(劫掠)hercommunity”可知，來訪者由于新冠疫情受到限制。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一線護理人員意識到，短期內(nèi)我們是病人的世界。A.aware意識到的；B.curious好奇的；C.puzzled困惑的；D.ashamed感到羞愧的。根據(jù)后文提到“短期內(nèi)我們是病人的世界”是一線護理人員意識到的。故選A。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一線護理人員意識到，短期內(nèi)我們是病人的世界。A.world世界；B.burden負擔；C.future未來；D.focus焦點，中心點。上文提到因為疫情來訪者限制，所以只有護理人員和病人在一起，所以短期內(nèi)一線護理人員是病人的世界。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們必