初高中英語(yǔ)銜接之語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)句子成分知識(shí)點(diǎn)

初高中英語(yǔ)銜接之語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)句子成分句子由句子成分組成。句子成分主要分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。一.主語(yǔ)Subject主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所要說(shuō)明的人和物,是句子的主體。它一般位于句首,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及主語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。請(qǐng)劃出句子主語(yǔ)，并判斷是什么成分做主語(yǔ)。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured_____(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.Tosee___tobelieve._____(read)booksismyhobby._______(我們所需要的東西)isyourhelp.改錯(cuò)1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.2.Disabledshouldberespected.3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.二、謂語(yǔ)Predicate謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征,一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)有以下幾種基本情況1.由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成,無(wú)論這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。Everything____(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees_______(plant)everyyear.They______(finish)theworksofar.They_________(swim)intherivernow.2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust_____(happen).Theexperimentcan_________(complete)ontime.3.連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、類(lèi)屬、狀態(tài)、身份系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量是有限的,常見(jiàn)的只有十來(lái)個(gè),我們把它們分成四組,這樣有助于我們記憶系動(dòng)詞。(1)be動(dòng)詞類(lèi):am,is,are,was,were(2)表示變化類(lèi):become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi):look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞:remain,stay,keep改錯(cuò)Wearestudent.Itsoundbeautiful.Theclothfeelssmoothly.Theleavesturnintoredinautumn.填詞1.Thenoise____(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert________tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym________forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents________howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He_________(會(huì)游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers_________(必須穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It_________(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe________（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____________________(聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____________________(聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____________________(嘗起來(lái)很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart____________________(看起來(lái)很緊張).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____________________(變餿了).三.賓語(yǔ)Object賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的對(duì)象,一般位于謂語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ)有以下幾種1.直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象。可以作直接賓語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、名詞化的形容詞和從句.翻譯：1.紙很容易著火。(catchfire)2.你在哪買(mǎi)的那個(gè)？3.我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人.4.他最后決定聽(tīng)取我的建議。（decide，takeone’sadvice）5.請(qǐng)停止發(fā)出噪音。（makenoise）6.你明白我意思是什么沒(méi)？2.雙賓語(yǔ)1.舅舅送了我一件很好的禮物。

2.他的外公給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。3.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)劃出賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，什么做賓補(bǔ)？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(________)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(________)They

treated

her

as

a

child.(________)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(________)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(________)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(________)

Note:有時(shí)在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ),后接形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),再后接充當(dāng)真正賓語(yǔ)的從句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I______________________when

I

entered

it.(看見(jiàn)她正在打掃房間)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she______________________(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she______________________(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來(lái)到了一個(gè)不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world______________________(認(rèn)為微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students______________________(覺(jué)得平衡學(xué)習(xí)和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I______________________(覺(jué)得理解他是困難的)

四、定語(yǔ)

Attributive修飾名詞、代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。1.前置定語(yǔ)如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞,通常放在被修飾詞的前面?？梢宰髑爸枚ㄕZ(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞名詞所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞等。劃出定語(yǔ)部分，判斷什么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(________)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(________)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(________)Open

your

mouth.(________)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(________)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(________)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(________)2.后置定語(yǔ)如果被修飾詞是不定代詞或作定語(yǔ)的是短語(yǔ)或從句,定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的后面可以充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(________)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(________)Thebookonthedeskismine.(________)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(________)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(________)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(________)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(________)Exercise7:翻譯1.Themanisatennisplayer.那個(gè)外向的男人是一個(gè)在網(wǎng)球愛(ài)好者中很受歡迎的網(wǎng)球選手。______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的書(shū)在對(duì)體育有興趣的學(xué)生中很受歡迎。_______________________________________________________五、狀語(yǔ)

Adverbial狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)常放在動(dòng)詞之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

still,

never,

also,

already,

certainly,

even,

almost,

quite等副詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),要放在行為動(dòng)詞之前。如:He

usually

goes

fishing

on

weekends.She

seldom

talks

about

her

family

in

the

dormitory.修飾形容詞的狀語(yǔ)常放在它所修飾的詞之前。如:If

you

say

you

are

really

sorry,

I'll

forgive

you.充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)的可以是副詞、短語(yǔ)及狀語(yǔ)從句等,用于說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、原因

目的結(jié)果、條件、讓步及伴隨情況等。如The

warn-

hearted

boy

is

well

thought

of

by

his

classmates.(副詞,表程度)People

lined

up

for

buses

and

got

on

them

in

an

orderly

way.(介詞短語(yǔ),表方式)The

doctors

did

everything

they

could

to

save

the

boy's

life.(不定式短語(yǔ),表目的)Idon'

t

like

to

sit

here

doing

nothing.(現(xiàn)在分詞,表伴隨)Moved

by

their

speech,

we

were

at

a

loss

what

to

say.(過(guò)去分詞,表原因)Come

whenever

you

like.(狀語(yǔ)從句,表時(shí)間)Exercise9:請(qǐng)將下列句子翻譯成中文,并在狀語(yǔ)下畫(huà)線。1.On

Sundays,

there

is

no

student

in

the

classroom.2.

we're

going

to

spend

the

holiday

on

the

beach.3.

Please

make

a

sentence

using

this

phrase.4.

The

boy

needs

a

pen

very

much.5.

John

was

late

because

of

the

heavy

snow.6.

The

doctors

tried

their

best

to

save

the

patient.7.

We'll

have

a

picnic

if

it

is

fine

tomorrow.8.

Although

he

is

young,

he

knows

a

lot.9.

His

parents

lost

their

lives

in

the

accident,

leaving

him

homeless.10.

He

sat

there,

reading

a

magazine.參考答案初高中英語(yǔ)銜接之語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)句子成分參考答案句子成分句子由句子成分組成。句子成分主要分為主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。一.主語(yǔ)Subject主語(yǔ)是一個(gè)句子所要說(shuō)明的人和物,是句子的主體。它一般位于句首,可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞以及主語(yǔ)從句等來(lái)充當(dāng)。請(qǐng)劃出句子主語(yǔ)，并判斷是什么成分做主語(yǔ)。Knowledgeispower.Sheisasmalleater.Threewillbeenoughforus.Theinjured__weresent___(send)tohospitalatoncewhentheaccidenthappened.The+形容詞作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Tosee__is_tobelieve.___Reading__(read)booksismyhobby.___whatweneed____(我們所需要的東西)isyourhelp.改錯(cuò)1.Visitamuseumexcitesteenagers.VisitVisiting2.Disabledshouldberespected.Disabled前加The3.Ourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.本句應(yīng)該更改為Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschool.二、謂語(yǔ)Predicate謂語(yǔ)是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)或特征,一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)有以下幾種基本情況1.由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組構(gòu)成,無(wú)論這個(gè)動(dòng)詞是何種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。Everything___went_(go)smoothlylastmonth.Thousandsoftrees____areplanted___(plant)everyyear.They___havefinished___(finish)theworksofar.They______areswimming___(swim)intherivernow.2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞WemuststudyEnglishhard.Watercanbedangerous.(可能，理論上的可能性)Youcan’tparkhere-it'sanoparkingarea.Thatcan’tbeTom-heisstudyingabroad.MayIcomein?Imaygowithyou,butI'mnotsureShecriedhereyesout.Somethingterriblemust___havehappened__(happen).Musthavedone是對(duì)過(guò)去所做事情的肯定推測(cè)，表示過(guò)去肯定做過(guò)某事，它的否定形式（過(guò)去肯定沒(méi)有做某事）can’thavedone/couldn’thavedoneTheexperimentcan____becompleted_____(complete)ontime.3.連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ),說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征、類(lèi)屬、狀態(tài)、身份系動(dòng)詞的數(shù)量是有限的,常見(jiàn)的只有十來(lái)個(gè),我們把它們分成四組,這樣有助于我們記憶系動(dòng)詞。(1)be動(dòng)詞類(lèi):am,is,are,was,were(2)表示變化類(lèi):become,get,turn,grow,go(3)感官動(dòng)詞類(lèi):look,sound,smell,taste,feel(4)表示延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞:remain,stay,keep改錯(cuò)Wearestudent.StudentstudentsItsoundbeautiful.SoundsoundsTheclothfeelssmoothly.SmoothlysmoothTheleavesturnintoredinautumn.Into去掉此處直接用turn+顏色就可以表示變成某種顏色填詞1.Thenoise_grew___(grow)louderwhenIwaspreparedforsleep.2.Aconcert___willbeheld_____tocelebrateMayDaynextweek.(hold)3.Severalyearsagoanewgym__wasbuilt______forvisitorstotakeexercise.(build)4.Thestudents__havebeentold______howtolearnEnglishwellsincetheyenteredthenewschool(tell)5.He___couldswim______(會(huì)游泳)whenhewasfiveyearsold.6.Inaplane,allpassengers____havetowear_____(必須穿)seatbelts.7.Itcanbecoldinthemountaininwinter.(be)can此處表示推測(cè)，有可能。8.Shemayaccepttheinvitation,butshehasn'tmadeuphermind.9.It____can’tbe_____(不可能)acomfortabletripwithsomanypeopleinsuchasmallcar.10.Helookssadandhe__musthavebeentold______（肯定被告知）thedeathofhisgrandma.11.Whatyousaid____soundsinteresting________________(聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣).12.Whathesuggested____soundslikeagoodidea________________(聽(tīng)起來(lái)是個(gè)好主意).13.Thefoodinmyhometown____tastesdelicious________________(嘗起來(lái)很美味).14.Theathleteonthestart___looksnervous_________________(看起來(lái)很緊張).15.Itwasahotsummerafternoon.Themilk____wentbad________________(變餿了).三.賓語(yǔ)Object賓語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作所及的對(duì)象,一般位于謂語(yǔ)之后。賓語(yǔ)有以下幾種1.直接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象。可以作直接賓語(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、名詞化的形容詞和從句.翻譯：1.紙很容易著火。(catchfire)Thepapercatchesfireeasily.2.你在哪買(mǎi)的那個(gè)？Wheredidyoubuythat?3.我們應(yīng)該幫助窮人.Weshouldhelpthepoor.4.他最后決定聽(tīng)取我的建議。（decide，takeone’sadvice）Hedecidedtotakemyadvice.5.請(qǐng)停止發(fā)出噪音。（makenoise）Pleasestopmakingnoise.6.你明白我意思是什么沒(méi)？DoyouunderstandwhatImean?2.雙賓語(yǔ)1.舅舅送了我一件很好的禮物。Myunclesentmeaveryspecialpresent.2.他的外公給他做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏。Hisgrandpamadehimakite.3.復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)劃出賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，什么做賓補(bǔ)？The

war

made

him

a

soldier.(___名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)__)New

machines

make

the

job

easy.(___形容詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))They

treated

her

as

a

child.(____介詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)____)Please

help

me

to

put

these

books

in

order.(___不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)_____)I

saw

a

stranger

waving

to

me.(__現(xiàn)在分詞_作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)_____)You

should

get

the

work

done

by

tomorrow.(__過(guò)去分詞_作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)_____)Note:有時(shí)在make,

think,find,feel,

consider后用it充當(dāng)形式賓語(yǔ),后接形容詞或名詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),再后接充當(dāng)真正賓語(yǔ)的從句、不定式.They

thinkitimportant

to

learn

English

well.We

feltita

pity

that

he

didn't

show

up

at

the

meeting.

Exercise

6:

Translate

the

Chinese

into

English.1.I_sawhimcleaningtheroom________when

I

entered

it.(看見(jiàn)她正在打掃房間)2.

She

was

dreaming

a

day

dream

when

she__heardhernamecalled________(聽(tīng)見(jiàn)自己的名字被叫)3.

To

her

surprise,

she___foundherselfinadifferentworld__(發(fā)現(xiàn)自己來(lái)到了一個(gè)不同的世界)4.

People

around

the

world___regardsmileas_afriendlyexpression____(認(rèn)為微笑是友好的表示)5.

The

students__believeitimportanttokeepbalancebetweenstudyandlife__(覺(jué)得平衡學(xué)習(xí)和生活是重要的)6.

At

first

I_finditdifficulttounderstandhim._(覺(jué)得理解他是困難的)

四、定語(yǔ)

Attributive修飾名詞、代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)。1.前置定語(yǔ)如果定語(yǔ)是單個(gè)詞,通常放在被修飾詞的前面?？梢宰髑爸枚ㄕZ(yǔ)的有形容詞、名詞

名詞所有格、代詞、數(shù)詞、現(xiàn)在分詞及過(guò)去分詞等。劃出定語(yǔ)部分，判斷什么充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。The

little

boy

needs

a

blue

pen.(___形容詞_____)The

boy

needs

a

ball

pen.(__名詞______)This

is

Tom'

s

father.(__名詞所有格______)Open

your

mouth.(___形容詞性物主代詞_____)Two

boys

need

two

pens.(___數(shù)詞_____)Chinaisadevelopingcountry.(____現(xiàn)在分詞____)Thegroundiscoveredwithfallenleaves.(__過(guò)去分詞______)2.后置定語(yǔ)如果被修飾詞是不定代詞或作定語(yǔ)的是短語(yǔ)或從句,定語(yǔ)常放在被修飾詞的后面可以充當(dāng)后置定語(yǔ)的有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句等。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(____形容詞____)Thebuildingsaroundwerebadlydamaged.(____介詞____)Thebookonthedeskismine.(___介詞短語(yǔ)_____)Theboytowritethisletterneedsapen.(_不定式短語(yǔ)_______)Themanvisitingyourschoolisourheadmaster.(__現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)______)Theproblemsolvedyesterdaywasveryimportant.(____過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)____)Helosthisnewpenthatwasboughtlastweek.(___定語(yǔ)從句_____)Exercise7:翻譯1.Themanisatennisplayer.那個(gè)外向的男人是一個(gè)在網(wǎng)球愛(ài)好者中很受歡迎的網(wǎng)球選手。Theoutgoingmanisatennisplayerwhoisverypopularamongtennisfans.______________________________________________________2.Thebookiswellreceivedamongthestudents。那本封面是黑色和白色的書(shū)在對(duì)體育有興趣的學(xué)生中很受歡迎。Thebook,whosecoverisblackandwhite,iswellreceivedamongthestudentswhoareinterestedinsports.五、狀語(yǔ)

Adverbial狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)常放在動(dòng)詞之后。如:

Listen

carefully!(但

often,

usually,

always,

st