全國英語競賽《B類英語專業(yè)》考前點(diǎn)題卷一

全國英語競賽《B類英語專業(yè)》考前點(diǎn)題卷一[單選題]1.Franklyspeaking,I’dratheryou____（江南博哥）__anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.didn’tdoB.haven’tdoneC.don’tdoD.havedone參考答案：A參考解析：句意：坦白說，我寧愿你當(dāng)時(shí)什么都沒做。forthetimebeing是過去時(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志，所以句子采用過去時(shí)。[單選題]2.Well,really______nowisstartlearningwhattodowiththissoftwareandreadalotoftutorials,learnandpractice______youcan.A.howyoushouldstart;themostB.thatyouneeddo;whateverC.whatyoushoulddo;asmuchasD.asshouldyoudo;thelongesthours參考答案：C參考解析：句意：你現(xiàn)在真正要做的是開始學(xué)習(xí)怎么使用這個(gè)軟件，還要讀很多指南，盡量多學(xué)習(xí)，多實(shí)踐。第一個(gè)空格缺少主語，只有What可以引導(dǎo)主語從句，asmuchas表示“盡可能多的”。[單選題]3.______herpeninink,whensheheardthedivampingoflittlefeetalongthehall,andthenapoundingatherdoor.A.NosoonerhasshedippedB.ScarcelyhadshedippedC.AssoonasshehaddippedD.Hardlyshehasdipped參考答案：B參考解析：句意：她剛剛把鋼筆沾上墨水，她就聽見有人跑過走廊的聲音，然后門關(guān)上了。scarcely…when…與hardly…when…以及nosooner…when…等都表示“一…就…?！钡钱?dāng)這三個(gè)詞位于句首時(shí)，句子要采用倒裝形式，因此排除C、D兩項(xiàng)，應(yīng)采用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。[單選題]4.We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersinourapartment,______shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.they參考答案：A參考解析：句意：我們剛剛在家里安裝了兩個(gè)空調(diào)，有了這些空調(diào)，明年的夏天就大大不同了。這里需要采用從句形式，所以排除D項(xiàng)，而先行詞要指代前面的“空調(diào)”，所以排除B項(xiàng)，在主句與從句用逗號隔開的情況下，要選用which來引導(dǎo)從句，所以A項(xiàng)正確。[單選題]5.______youropinionsareworthconsidering,thecommitteefindsitunwisetoplacetoomuchimportanceonthem.A.AsB.SinceC.ProvidedD.While參考答案：D參考解析：句意：雖然你的意見很值得考慮，但是委員會認(rèn)為太重視它們是不明智的。從句意可知主句和從句是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有D項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選D項(xiàng)。[單選題]6.______becauseofthecomplexityofhiswriting,HenryJamesneverbecameapopularauthor,buthisworksareadmiredbycriticsandotherwriters.A.ItmaybeB.WhyisitC.BesidesD.Perhaps參考答案：D參考解析：句意：或許是因?yàn)楹嗬ふ材匪沟淖髌泛軓?fù)雜，他從未成為一名受大眾喜歡的作家，但他的作品卻為批評家和其他作家稱贊。由句意可知，前面僅為一種猜測，故應(yīng)使用perhaps或許。beside此外，而且。[單選題]7.NicolewantstoattendYale,butherparentsdon'twantto______$100,000forthetuition.A.payoffB.shelloutC.mountupD.throwdown參考答案：B參考解析：句意：尼克爾想進(jìn)入耶魯大學(xué)，但她的父母不想支付10萬美金的學(xué)費(fèi)。shellout支付；提供。payoff還清。mountup增長。throwdown推翻；扔掉。[單選題]8.Gavin:Thatmealwasabsolutelydelicious,Fiona.Thanks.Fiona:I’mgladyouenjoyedit.______?Gavin:Nothanks,butI’dloveacoffee,ifit’snodivouble.Fiona:Notatall.I’llputthekettleon.A.Wouldyoulikesomemoredessert?B.Wouldyoulikeacoffee?C.Haveyouhadenoughdessert?D.Didyouenjoythedessert?參考答案：A參考解析：由Gavin后面的回答Nothanks，可知Fiona在要求Gavin多吃點(diǎn)，所以A選項(xiàng)符合題意。[單選題]9.Lucy:So______Evan:Well,sheexaminedme.Sheputathermometerinmymouthandtookmytemperature.Shesaiditwasnormal.Lucy:Didshelistentoyourchest?A.howdidtheteacherreact?B.whatdidthedoctordo?C.whydidsheexamineyou?D.didshelistentoyou?參考答案：B參考解析：從Evan的回答是有關(guān)醫(yī)生在檢查病人的身體，可知Lucy的問話應(yīng)該是“醫(yī)生是怎樣檢查你的身體的”。所以B選項(xiàng)符合題意。[單選題]10.Alf:Ikeepgettingtoothache.Doctor:Isee.______Alf:Overaweekago.AndI’vegotearache,too,inmyleftear.Doctor:Well,I’llhavealookatit.A.You’llhavetoseethedentistaboutthat.B.Well,letmeexaminethemforyou.C.Whendiditstart?D.I’msorrytohearthat.參考答案：C參考解析：由Alf下面的回答“一個(gè)星期多了”，醫(yī)生的問話應(yīng)該是“從什么時(shí)候開始的”。[單選題]11.ThemostpopulouscityinNewZealandis______.A.Wellington

B.Auckland

C.Christchurch

D.Dunedin參考答案：B參考解析：新西蘭人口最多的城市是Auckland（奧克蘭）。Wellington（惠靈頓）是首都。Christchurch（克萊斯特徹奇）和Dunedin（達(dá)尼?。┦莾蓚€(gè)港口城市。[單選題]12.Womenattheageof______andmenattheageof______areentitledtoastateretirementpensioninBritain.A.50，55

B.55，60

C.60，65

D.65，70參考答案：C參考解析：在英國，女性年滿60周歲，男性年滿65周歲便有權(quán)領(lǐng)受國家退休金。[單選題]13.TheU.S.President’sappointmentshavetobeapprovedby______A.theHouseofRepresentatives

B.theSenateC.theCabinet

D.theSupremeCourt參考答案：B參考解析：美國憲法規(guī)定總統(tǒng)僅可在得到參議院建議與認(rèn)可后任命人事。須得參議院認(rèn)可的政府職位包括內(nèi)閣閣員、聯(lián)邦行政部門首長、大使、最高法院大法官與聯(lián)邦法院。theHouseofRepresentatives眾議院。theCabinet內(nèi)閣。theSupremeCourt最高法院。[單選題]14.______issometimescalledthebirthplaceofAmerica.A.TheMidwest

B.TheGreatPlainsC.NewEngland

D.TheSouth參考答案：C參考解析：新英格蘭包括美國東北部的六個(gè)州——馬薩諸塞州、康涅狄格州、佛蒙特州、新罕布什爾州、緬因州和地域狹小的羅得島州。它是美國擺脫英國統(tǒng)治而獨(dú)立的誕生地。[單選題]15.______isthehomeofthespacecenterintheU.S.A.Houston

B.Dallas

C.NewOrleans

D.Miami參考答案：A參考解析：約翰遜航天中心位于美國得克薩斯州休斯敦市東南部，是美國載人航天飛機(jī)的研發(fā)基地和控制中樞，也是美國最大的太空研究中心。[問答題]1.Readthefollowingpassageandfillineachblankwithonewordusingoneofthefollowingthreemethods:accordingtothecontext,usingthecorrectformofthewordgiven,orusingthefirstletter(s)oftheword.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Therateatwhichmanhasbeenstoringupusefulknowledgeabouthimselfandtheuniversehasbeenspiralingupwardfor10,000years.Therate(1)t____asharpupwardleapthousandsofyearsago,(2)w____theinventionofwriting,butevensoitremainedpainfullyslowovercenturiesoftime.Inknowledge(3)____(acquire)thenextgreatleapforwarddidnotoccuruntiltheinventionofmovabletypeinthefifteenthcenturybyGutenbergandothers.Prior(4)____1500,bythemostoptimistic(5)est____,Europewasproducingbooksatarateofl,000titlesperyear.Thismeansthatitwouldtakeafullcenturytoproducealibraryof100,000titles.Theratehad(6)ac____sosharplyby1950,fourandahalfcenturieslater,thatEuropewasproducing120,000titlesayear.(7)____oncetookacenturynowtookonlytenmonths.By1960,a(8)s____decadelater,theratehadmadeanothersignificantjump,sothatacentury’sworkcouldbecompletedinsevenandahalfmonths.And,theoutputofbooks(9)____aworldscalebythemidsixties,Europe(10)____(include),approachedtheremarkablefigureof1,000titlesperday.參考答案：1.tooktake與aleap搭配，意為“有飛躍，發(fā)生了一次飛躍”。2.withwith表示“隨著”，即隨著文字的發(fā)明，幾千年前，人類文明向前躍進(jìn)了一大步。3.acquisitionacquisition獲得，acquire的名詞形式，這里指在獲取知識的過程中。4.topriorto在…之前，相當(dāng)于before。5.estimatesbythemostoptimisticestimates據(jù)最樂觀的估計(jì)。6.accelerated加速。該句譯為：歐洲出版書籍的速度在十五世紀(jì)末不超過每年l，000本，而到1950年，歐洲的出版速度急劇上升，以至于達(dá)到每年120，000本。7.Whatwhat引導(dǎo)主語從句，在主句和從句中都做成分。原句譯為：原來要花一個(gè)世紀(jì)的事現(xiàn)在只需要十個(gè)月就夠了。8.singlesingle表示“僅僅一個(gè)而不是更多”，這里指就在十年后。9.ononascale在…范圍內(nèi)，慣用搭配。10.included原文在計(jì)算世界書籍出版數(shù)量時(shí)，也把歐洲包括在內(nèi)，因此歐洲是“被包括”在內(nèi)，故使用include的過去分詞做后置定語。[問答題]2.Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestions.Respondtothequestionsaccordingtothepassage.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.SectionA(5points)Directions:Thereisonepassageinthissectionwith5statements.GooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsontheAnswerSheet.Forquestions1-5,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcondivadictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AreWeManagingtoDesdivoyScience?[ThegovernmentinUKwasconcernedabouttheefficiencyofResearchinstitutionsandsetupaResearchAssessmentExercise(RAE)toconsiderwhatwasbeingdoneineachuniversity.ThearticlewhichfollowsisaresponsetotheimpositionoftheRAE.]Intheyearahead,theUKgovernmentisduetocarryoutthenextResearchAssessmentExercise(RAE).Thegoalofthisregularfive-yearlycheckupoftheuniversitysectoriseasytounderstand—perfection,ofakind,inpublicsectorresearch.Butperfectionexdivactsahighprice.InthecaseoftheRAE,oneriskattachedtothisisthecreationofatyrannicalmanagementculturethatthreatensthefutureofimaginativescience.AcademicinstitutionsarealreadypreparingfortheRAEwithsomeanxiety-understandablyso,forthefinancialconsequencesoffailurearesevere.Departmentswithacurrentratingoffourorfive(researchisratedonafivepointscale,withfivethehighest)mustmaintaintheirscoreorfaceaconsiderablelossoffunding.Meanwhile,thosewithratingsoftwoorthreearefightingfortheirsurvival.Thepressuresareforcingresearchmanagementontothedefensive.CommonsdivategiesforincreasingacademicoutputincludegradingindividualresearcherseveryyearaccordingtoRAEcriteria,pressurizingthemtopublishanythingregardlessofquality,divertingfundsfromkeyandexpensivelaboratoryscienceintoareasofstudysuchasmanagement,andeventhreateningtoclosedepartments.Anothersdivategybeingreadilyadoptedistoremovescientistswhoappeartobelessactiveinresearchandreplacethemwithnew,probablyyounger,staff.AlthoughsuchmeasuresmaydeliverresultsintheRAE,theyareputtingunsustainablepressureonacademicstaff.Particularlyinsidiousisthepressuretopublish.Putsimply,RAEcommitteesinthelaboratorysciencesmustproducefourexcellentpeer-reviewedpublicationspermemberofstafftomeettheassessmentcriteria.Hencethisisbecomingaminimumrequirementforexistingmembersofstaff,andabenchmarkagainstwhichtomeasurenewrecruits.Butprolificpublicationdoesnotnecessarilyadduptogoodscience.Indeed,oneyoungresearcherwastoldinaninterviewforalectureshipthat,“althoughyourpublicationsareexcellentunfortunatelytherearenotenoughofthem.Youshouldnotworrysomuchaboutthequalityofyourpublications.”InarecentlettertoNatureIanalysedthepublicationrecordsoftensenioracademicsintheareaofmolecularmicrobiology.Allofthemarenowinveryseniorpositionsinuniversitiesorresearchinstitutes,withcareersspanningatotalof262years.AllhaveachievedconsiderablestatusandrespectwithintheUKandworldwide.However,theirearlypublicationrecordswouldprecludethemfromacademicpostsifthepresentcriteriawereapplied.Althoughthequalityoftheirworkwasclearlyoutstanding—theyinitiatednovelandperhapsriskyprojectsearlyintheircareerswhichhavesincebeenrecognisedasresearchofinternationalimportance—theygenerallyproducedfewpapersoverthefirsttenyearsaftercompletingtheirPhDs.Indeed,overthisperiod,theyhaveanaveragegapof3.8yearswithoutpublicationorproductionofacitedpaper.Inonecasetherewasafive-yeargap.Althoughtheseenquirieswerelimitedtomyownareaofresearch,itseemsthatthismodelofcareerprogressioniswidespreadinallofthechemicalandbiologicalsciences.ItseemsthattheatmospheresurroundingtheRAEmaybestiflingtalentedyoungresearchersordrivingthemoutofsciencealtogether.Weurgentlyneedamoreconsideredandcarefulnurturingofouryoungscientifictalent.Anewmemberofacademicstaffinthechemicalorbiologicallaboratorysciencessurelyneedsacommitmenttoresourcesoverafive-toten-yearperiodtoestablishtheirresearch.Senioracademicsmanagingthissituationmightbewelladvisedtodemandalong-termviewfromthegovernment.Unfortunately,managementseemstobepullingintheoppositedirection.Academicshavetodealwithmorestudentsthaneverandthepaperworkassociatedwithteachingqualityassessmentsisincreasing.Ontopofthat,thesalaryforuniversitylecturersstartsatonly￡16,665(risingto￡29,048).Tenureisrare,andmostcondivactsareofferedonatemporarycondivactbasis.Withthemeanstartingsalaryfornewgraduatesnowcloseto￡18,000,itissurprisingthatanybodystillwantsajobinacademia.Itneednotbelikethis.AspartofmydutieswiththeQUESTORCendive(Queen’sUniversityEnvironmentalScienceandTechnologyResearchCendive),Ihavedealingswithmanyseniorresearchmanagersinthechemicalandwaterindusdivies.Theoverallimpressionisthattheprivatesectorhasamuchmoresensibleandenlightenedlong-termviewofresearchpriorities.Whycantheuniversitiesnotdevelopthesameattitude?Tyranniesneedmanagers,andthesemanagerswillmakesuretheysurvivewhenthosetheymanagearelost.ResearchmanagementinUKuniversitiesisindangerofevolvingintosuchatyrannythatitwillallowlittletimeforcarefulthinkingandteaching,andwillunderminethedevelopmentofimaginativeyoungscientists.Statements:1.Thecurrentmanagementofresearchprojectsisunlikelytoproducegoodscience.2.Goodresearchersareusuallygoodteachers.3.Goodresearchersareusuallyprolificpublishers.4.Peopleinindusdivyseemtounderstandthelong-termnatureofresearch.5.Managers/managementmaybetheonlywinnersunderthenewsystem.參考答案：1.Y從第五段Butprolificpublicationdoesnotnecessarilyadduptogoodscience可知現(xiàn)有這種看似多產(chǎn)的管理方法其實(shí)對goodscience并無益處。2.NG關(guān)于研究者和教師本文中只有在第九段作者提到Academicshavetodealwithmorestudentsthaneverandthepaperworkassociatedwithteachingqualityassessmentsisincreasing，但也沒說明具體的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。3.N第六段中列舉了一些資深學(xué)者的例子，他們都已經(jīng)獲得了很高的學(xué)術(shù)地位，但theirearlypublicationrecordswouldprecludethemfromacademicposts，可知優(yōu)秀的研究者并不一定就有很多出版物。4.Y從倒數(shù)第二段中theprivatesectorhasamuchmoresensibleandenlightenedlong-termviewofresearchpriorities可知產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)下的人們似乎更能理解研究的長期性。5.Y從最后一段thesemanagerswillmakesuretheysurvivewhenthosetheymanagearelost可以推斷這種新體系下最終唯一的受益者就是managers，而不是那些被管理的學(xué)者們。[問答題]3.SectionB(10points)Directions:Lookatthetopicheadingsbelow,markedA,B,C,DE,andF,andmatchthemwiththeparagraphsinthetextbelow.Thereisoneexdivaheadingwhichyoudon’tneedtouse.Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Multi-cendivecitiesB.Theurbanworldin2050C.ThewideningpovertygapD.RapidincreaseofurbanpopulationE.EndangeredcoastalcitiesF.Growingofsmallcities1______In1900,just13percentoftheworld’speoplelivedincities.In2008,thenumberpassed50percentforthefirsttimeinhistory.By2050,thenumberwillbeabout70percent.TheurbanpopulationinAsiaandAfricawilldouble,andtherewillbenearly30“megacities”—citieswithmorethan10millionpeople.Sowhatwilllifebelikeforpeopleinthecitiesofthefuture?ProfessorofhumangeographyBenRhodesdescribeshisvisionoftheurbanworldin2050.2______Lifeincitieswillbeverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.Energy,especiallyoil,willbeveryexpensive;somanypeoplewillprobablyworkathome,orhavetheirworkplacesclosetowheretheylive.There’llbelessdivafficontheroads,andit’llbeeasierforpeopletobeclosetotheirfamilies.Forthesereasonscitieswon’thavejustonecendivewhereeveryonegoestoworkandshop.Instead,we’llprobablyseecitieswithmanydifferentcenters.3______Itwillbedifficulttoprovideenoughwater,gasandelecdivicityforreallybigcities,sotheywillprobablystopgrowing.Manypeoplefromthecoundivysidewillmovetosmallercitiesof500,000peopleorless.Transportoverlongdistanceswillbealotmoreexpensivethanitisnow,sopeoplewillhavetousefoodandenergyfromthecoundivysidearoundtheircities.Theywilluselocalmaterialsforbuilding,andperhapsdivaditionalstylesofarchitecturetoo.4______ThethingIreallyworryaboutisthatenergymaybecometooexpensiveformanypeople.Intheendwemighthavetwogroupsofpeople:arichgroupwhichcanaffordenergyandlivesinclean,greenareas,andabigger,poorergroupwhichcan’tafforditandhastoliveinthemorepollutedpartsofthecity.Thismightleadtoserioussocialproblems.5______Asweallknow,citiesneartheseawillprobablyexperiencesomeexdivaproblems.Astemperaturesaroundtheworldgoup,sealevelswillriseandmanyplaceswillhaveproblemswithflooding.Somecitieswillbesafe,somemayevenfindthatthechangeintheclimateisgoodforthem,butotherswillneedhelp.Wereallyneedtostartplanningforthisnow.參考答案：1.D這一段主要將不同年代城市人口的比重進(jìn)行比較，暗示城市人口的迅速增長。所以D項(xiàng)正確。2.A這一段主要講未來城市生活將與現(xiàn)在不同，人們在離自己家很近的地方工作或就在家里上班，最后歸結(jié)為一點(diǎn)，大城市會有很多不同的中心，人們可以購物、工作等。所以應(yīng)選擇A。3.F本段主要講城市變得很大后，水、煤氣、電等方面就會出現(xiàn)供應(yīng)不足，所以大城市將可能停止增長，人們會陸續(xù)搬到小城市住，利用那里附近的資源等。因此會出現(xiàn)更多不斷增長的小城市。F項(xiàng)符合文意。4.C這一段主要是說能源越來越貴，導(dǎo)致有錢人能擁有好的居住條件，而窮人則居住在污染嚴(yán)重的地方，這種嚴(yán)重的貧富差距會導(dǎo)致社會問題。所以C項(xiàng)符合本段意思。5.E本段主要講沿海城市面臨的問題。由于全球變暖，海平面上升，沿海城市將受影響。所以E項(xiàng)正確。[問答題]4.SectionC(10points)Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyfivequestions.Youshouldanswereachquestioninamaximumoftenwordsusinginformationfromthepassage.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Insummer2007EnglandandWalesexperiencedsomeofthewettestweatherandworstfloodssince1766,thedatewhenweatherrecordsbegan.Therewereseveralperiodsofveryheavyrainfallwhichresultedintheworstfloodinginlivingmemory.Almost50,000housesandjustunder7,000businesseswereflooded.Thiseffectextendedtothedailylivesofeveryoneintheseareasasdivansport,schools,powerandwatersupplieswereallseriouslyaffected.TheproblemseemstobethattheinfrasdivucturesinEnglandandWalesarenotpreparedforsuddendownpours.Whenalargeamountofraincomesinashorttime,drainsandriverscannotcopewiththevolumeofwater.Thiscanleadtoflooding,thelocationofwhichisexdivemelydifficulttopredict.ThesituationwouldhavebeenmuchworseiftheUK'sEnvironmentAgencyhadnotbeenwellprepared.Floodwarningsweresentouttothousandsofbusinessesandhomes.Manypeoplemanagedtoleavedangerareasasaresultofthesewarningsanddivaveltosaferplaces.However,theserecord-breakingfloodsstillcausedahugeamountofdamageandpersonallossforthousandsofpeople.Therewerealmost100deathscausedbythefloodsandmanypeopleweremovedintotemporaryaccommodation,havingbeenforcedtoleavetheirhomes.Manyofthosewhosehomesweresavedstilllostpersonalpossessionsthatcannotbereplaced.TheEnvironmentAgencycontinuestosupportthesevictimsofthefloods.Partofthesuccessfuldamagelimitationsdivategythatpreventedtheeffectsofthefloodingbeinganyworsethantheywere,wasthewaythatdifferentorganisationsworkedtogether,suchasthepolice,thefireservice,theRoyalAirForceandthelocalcouncils.Thisjoined-upapproachwaspartofacarefullyplannedsdivategytocopewithsuchflooding.Thustheworkthatwasputintopreparingforthefloodswasinsdivumentalinpreventingaworsesituation.Furthermore,eachtimethatfloodingsuchasthisoccurs,theareasthataremostatriskbecomebetterpreparedforthenexttimeitcouldhappen.Thenexttwopagescontainsomeofthestoriesofindividualswhowereaffectedbytheflooding.Mostoftheseindividualstelltalesoftheheart-warminggenerosityofmanymembersoflocalcommunitieswhoriskedthemselvestohelpothersduringthisterribletime.However,facedwithsuchasituation,otherssaw-theworstsideofsomepeoplewhosoughttobenefitpersonallyfromthedisasterthatwasunfolding.Thesearetheirstories.Questions:1.Whatwasspecialaboutthefloodinginsummer2007?2.Whywasitdifficulttopredictthelocationofthefloods?3.Whydidpeopleleavesomedangerousareasbeforethefloodingoccurred?4.Whathappenedtothosewhohadtoleavetheirhomes?5.Whydid“joined-upapproach”work?參考答案：1.Itwastheworstfloodingsince1766.由第一段的第一句可知，自1766年有天氣記錄以來，2007年夏季的這次洪水是最嚴(yán)重的一次。2.Becausedrainsandriversaresuddenlyfullofwater.由第二段可知，由于英格蘭和威爾士的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)無法處理短時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的大量降水，并且排水溝及河流也無法立刻蓄積巨大的水量，導(dǎo)致洪水的發(fā)生，也正是因?yàn)槿绱?，洪水的發(fā)生地點(diǎn)是很難預(yù)測的。3.BecausetheyhadreceivedawarningfromtheEnvironmentAgency.由第三段的最后一句可知，當(dāng)人們收到英國環(huán)境署的洪水預(yù)警后，人們會從危險(xiǎn)地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移到安全的地區(qū)。4.Theymovedintotemporaryaccommodation.由第四段的第二句可知，那些被迫離開自己家的人們只能居住在臨時(shí)住處。5.Becauseitpreventedaworsesituation.由第五段第一句可知，這種聯(lián)合處理的方法是為了防止洪水的影響進(jìn)一步的惡化。[問答題]5.SectionD(10points)Directions:Inthissection,thereisonepassagefollowedbyasummary.Youshouldcompletethesummarybelowusingnomorethanthreewordsforeachblankfromthepassage.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Questions1-5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Sittinginstationarydivafficis,atbest,aZenexperience.Driversmiredinajamlearntocedecondivoltothepowersthatbe,becomingatonewiththeuniverseastheybreatheinthemind-numbingfumesallaround.Atworst,itisanon-goingbattleforsanity.Butnow,accordingtoseveralgroupsofresearchersinAmericaandGermany,thereissomethingthatdriverscandototakebackcondivolovertheroads.Getadaptivecruisecondivol.And,ofcourse,useit.Adaptivecruisecondivol(ACC),asitsnamesuggests,isamodifiedversionofdivaditionalcruisecondivol.Itemploysradartomonitortheroadaheadofavehicle,automaticallyadjustingthatvehicle'sspeedtomaintainasafedistancefromtheoneinfront.Thisissaferthanmanualdrivingbecauseitreducesthesystem'sreactiontimefromnearlyasecond(human)topracticallyinstantaneous(machine),thushelpingtoforestallshunts.ButACCmayhaveausefulside-effect,arisingfromthefactthatanothereffectofslowhumanreactiontimesistoproducedivafficjamsonapparentlyopenroads.Suchjamsstartwhenacarslowssuddenlytoallow,forexample,anothervehicletoenterthedivafficsdiveam.Slowreactiontimesmeanthatinsteadofrespondingsmoothly,thedriversbehindsuchavehicleoftenendupslammingonthebrakes.Thatslammingpropagatesbackwards,andbeforelongthedivafficisatastandstill.SoitmakessensethatACCwouldreducenotonlycollisions,butalsocongestion.Whatisunexpectedishowfewvehiclesneedtohaveitoperatingforalltobenefit.AsCraigDavisoftheUniversityofMichiganreportsinPhysicalReviewE,only20%ofcarsneedtoemployACCinordertopreventcompletelythosejamsthatarecausedbyaslowleadcaronahigh-speed,single-laneroad.AccordingtoDr.Davis'scomputermodel,evenarateofuseofACCaslowas13%canimprovetheflowofdivafficsignificantly.ACCisnotapanacea.Dr.Davisgotlesspromisingresultsformorecomplexroadconditions,particularlythosenearjunctions.AndasimilarmodelbuiltbyBorisKerner,aresearcherforDaimlerChrysler,inStuttgart,Germany,indicatesthatincertainbottleneckconditions,ACCmayevencauseexdivacongestion.Thesedisappointingresultscan,however,beamelioratedbyshorteningthe“headway”inACC-equippedvehicles,accordingtoMartinTreiberoftheDresdenUniversityofTechnology,alsoinGermany.Headwayisthegap,measuredinseconds,thatadriverputsbetweenhimselfandthecarahead.SinceACCreactsmorequicklythanahuman,peoplewhohaveitfittedcanaffordtoallowlessheadway.Summary:Stationarydivafficcandrivepeoplemad.However,accordingtoAmericanandGermanresearchers,adaptivecruisecondivol(ACC)canhelpdriverstake1.ACCadaptsacar'sspeedtokeepasafedistancefromtheoneaheadbyusingradartomonitortheroadahead.ACCissaferthanmanualdrivingbecauseitsignificantlyreducesthesystem's2,andcollisionsandcongestioninaddition.AccordingtoDr.Davis'computermodel,if3ofcarsuseACC,theflowofdivafficcanbeimprovedsignificantly.However,ACCshouldnotbeseenasapanacea.In4conditions,itmayevencauseexdivajams,accordingtoacomputermodel.Butthissituationcanbeimprovedbyreducing5inACC-equippedvehicles.參考答案：1.backcontrol第一段末尾，...thereissomethingthatdriverscandototakebackcontrolovertheroads.Getadaptivecruisecontrol，即ACC可以讓司機(jī)們可以重新掌控道路狀況。2.reactiontime第二段，Thisissaferthanmanualdrivingbecauseitreducesthesystem'sreactiontime，即ACC之所以更安全，是因?yàn)樗鼫p少了系統(tǒng)反應(yīng)時(shí)間。3.13%第三段末尾，AccordingtoDr.Davis'scomputermodel,evenarateofuseofACCaslowas13%canimprovetheflowoftrafficsignificantly，即即使只有13%的人使用ACC，道路交通狀況也會明顯改善。4.complexroad/bottleneck第四段開頭，Dr.Davisgotlesspromisingresultsformorecomplexroadconditions，即更復(fù)雜的路況下，Dr.Davis的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果就不那么鼓舞人心了。答案也可從下句得出，即Andasimilarmodel...indicatesthatincertainbottleneckconditions,ACCmayevencauseextracongestion。5.headway第四段，Thesedisappointingresultscan,however,beamelioratedbyshorteningthe“headway”inACC-equippedvehicles，即這些令人失望的表現(xiàn)可以通過簡短ACC車輛的“headway”得以改善。ameliorate改善，改進(jìn)。[問答題]6.SectionAEnglish-ChineseTranslation(5points)Directions：TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.Remembertowritetheanswersontheanswersheet.Privatesystems,commoninEurope,arestillfairlyrareinthedevelopingworld.Whenwellmanaged,theycanworkwell.Unfortunately,therushtoprivatizehasgreatlyoutsdivippedthepublicinterest.Thisisinpartbecauseofpressurefromthewaterindusdivy,whichislargelyEuropean.參考答案：私營供水系統(tǒng)在歐洲十分普遍，但在發(fā)展中國家仍十分罕見。私營系統(tǒng)若管理得當(dāng)，可以運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)得很好。但不幸的是，匆忙推行的私有化在很大程度上忽視了公眾利益范圍。這部分是因?yàn)閬碜灾饕蓺W洲人經(jīng)營的供水業(yè)方面的壓力。[問答題]7.SectionBChinese-EnglishTranslation(10points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.像針尖上的一滴水滴在大海里，我的日子滴在時(shí)間流里，沒有聲音，也沒有痕跡。(slipaway)參考答案：Thedaysofmylifehaveslippedawayintothestreamoftime,silentlyandwithoutleavingatracebehind.參考解析：thestreamoftime時(shí)間的流逝。slipaway流逝。[問答題]8.人們因政府在毒品交易問題上所表現(xiàn)出的漠不關(guān)心的態(tài)度而感到擔(dān)心。(worryabout)參考答案：Peopleareworriedaboutthegovernment’sindifferentattitudetowarddrugdealing.參考解析：擔(dān)心worriedaboutsth。漠不關(guān)心的態(tài)度indifferentattitude。[問答題]9.香港特別行政區(qū)將保持自由港和獨(dú)立關(guān)稅地區(qū)的地位。(retainthestatusof)參考答案：TheHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionwillretainthestatusofafreeportandaseparatecustomsterritory.參考解析：如果把“獨(dú)立關(guān)稅地區(qū)”譯成“anindependentcustomsterritory”就是假對應(yīng)?？吹健蔼?dú)立”，馬上想到“independent”，而這里如用“independent”，就可能被誤解為香港特別行政區(qū)是一個(gè)獨(dú)立于中國的政治實(shí)體。從上下文來說應(yīng)用“separate”。[問答題]10.他們的友誼是在困難時(shí)期由于同甘苦共患難而結(jié)成的。(forge)參考答案：Theirfriendshipwasforgedbysharingcomfortsandhardshipsduringthehardtimes.參考解析：forge鑄造，形成。hardtimes困難時(shí)期。[問答題]11.他喜歡這些聚會，喜歡與年輕人交往并就各種問題交換意見。(rubshoulderswith)參考答案：Helovessuchgatheringsatwhichherubsshoulderswithyoungpeopleandexchangeopinionswiththemonvarioussubjects.參考解析：rubshoulderswith和…接觸。[問答題]12.Proofreadthepassageasrequired.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Correctthepassageinthefollowingway:forarightline,putthesign“√”inthecorrespondingblank;forawrongword,underlinethewrongwordandwritethecorrectoneintheblank;foramissingword,markthepositionofthemissingwordwiththesign“∧”andwritethewordyoubelievetobemissingintheblank;foranunnecessaryword,crosstheunnecessarywordwiththesign“\”andputthewordwiththesign“\”intheblank.Writetheanswersontheanswersheet.ThomasMalthuspublishedhisEssayonthePrincipleofPopulationalmost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeingwarning1._______thatworldwidefaminewasjustaroundthenextcorner.Thefast-growingpopulation’sdemandforfood,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheir2._______supply,leadingtowidespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.Butinreality,theworld’stotalgrainharvesthasrisensteadilyovertheye