2022年遼寧省鞍山市第三十六高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析

2022年遼寧省鞍山市第三十六高級(jí)中學(xué)高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期末試題含解析一、選擇題1.Oursocietyneedstogivemorehelpto_____caughtinthe‘a(chǎn)ntrace’.

A.who

B.they

C.those

D.theone參考答案：C此題考查代詞用法。Those用于對(duì)可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)特指。2.Demandforwelleducatedmaidsandnannies(保姆)isincreasing,_______arethewagesforsuccessfulapplicants.

A.which

B.what

C.as

D.those參考答案：C略3.---Excuseme,hasthetrainfromBeijingarrivedyet?---________,youarethreequartersearlier.It'sonly9now.A.Unconsciously B.Instantly C.Absolutely D.Actually參考答案：D4.—Excuseme,sir.

EithersheorIselectedtojointheteam?—Sorry,neithershenoryou

.A.Is;are

B.Am;are

C.Are;are

D.Is;is參考答案：A5.Theylosttheirwayintheforest,and

.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.whatmademattersworsewasthatnightbegantofall

B.whatwasworse,itwasgettingdarkC.tomakemattersworsethatnightwasfallingD.worsestill,nighthadfallen參考答案：C略6.Thefactisthateveryonehastogrowupandmature,

comesomegrowingpains.A.withwhich

B.when

C.that

D.what參考答案：A7.—Howlongdoyouthinkitwillbe

mancanfinallysolvetheproblemofcancer?—Well．itdepends．A．when

B．until

C．a(chǎn)fter

D．before參考答案：D8.

―LostandFoundOffice.____?―Iwonderifyouhaveacameraofmine.

A.What’sthat

B.Who’sthat

C.Isthereanything

D.CanIhelpyou參考答案：D9.ChuckBerry，fatherofrockandroll，startedsinginginchurchwhenhewassixyearsold，andhisinterestinmusic________him．（）A．stuckwith B．respondedwithC．a(chǎn)ppealedto D．cateredto參考答案：A查克?貝里，搖滾樂(lè)的父親，開始在教堂唱歌時(shí)他才六歲，并且他對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣一直伴隨著他．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)．A．

stuckwith在一起；不離開；B．respondedwith相一致；通信；C．a(chǎn)ppealedto（對(duì)某人）有吸引力；呼吁；D．cateredto滿足某種需要或要求．本句句意為：查克?貝里，搖滾樂(lè)的父親，開始在教堂唱歌時(shí)他才六歲，并且他對(duì)音樂(lè)的興趣一直伴隨著他．結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選A．10.—Doyouknowabouttheaccidentwhichhappenedinthecenterofthecity?—Yes.Butitwassometime

werealizedthetruth.A.before

B.when

C.since

D.until參考答案：A11.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet,_______theoldtownintoadreamland.A.turn

B.turningC.toturn

D.turned參考答案：B試題分析：題目考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁，使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個(gè)夢(mèng)幻之地。turn的邏輯主語(yǔ)是cottages，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞，表示主動(dòng)和伴隨，故選B?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別：(1)在語(yǔ)態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義；(2)在時(shí)間上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行或者與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性。例如：fallingleaves正在下落的樹葉

fallenleaves已經(jīng)落在地上的樹葉一、分詞的作用1.作定語(yǔ)(1)單個(gè)分詞作定語(yǔ)，分詞前置。例如：Thesleepingboyismyson.Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.Alostopportunityneverreturns.Heisaretiredworker.(2)分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，分詞后置；分詞修飾不定代詞something等要后置；個(gè)別分詞如give，left等作定語(yǔ)也后置。例如：Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.Thisisthequestiongiven.Thereisnothinginteresting.(3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。例如：Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.2.作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。例如：Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.AsIdidn’treceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(條件)Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend.Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital(原因).Thoughdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.(讓步)Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴隨)Hecamerunningtotellmethegoodnews.(方式)注意：（1）選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞，關(guān)鍵看主句的主語(yǔ)。如分詞的動(dòng)作是由主句的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，分詞就用現(xiàn)在分詞，反之就用過(guò)去分詞。試比較：（Being）Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，這本書看上去很舊。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的過(guò)程中，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書很有用。（2）分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，如果不一致，就用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即在分詞前加上它的邏輯主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式主要用于作狀語(yǔ)，一般不用作定語(yǔ)。3.作表語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)具有的特征，過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)多指主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。例如：Thefilmistouching.Theglassisbroken.Shelookedtiredwithcooking.Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)分詞和不定式一樣，在一些感官動(dòng)詞或使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：Ismellsomethingburning.Iheardhimsingingthesong.Iheardmynamecalled.Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish.Ifoundmycarmissing.I’llhavemywatchrepaired.5.作插入語(yǔ)其結(jié)構(gòu)是固定的，意思上的主語(yǔ)并不是句子的主語(yǔ)。常見的有：generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)

talkingof(speakingof)說(shuō)到strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)

judgingfrom從……判斷allthingsconsidered從整體來(lái)看

takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看來(lái)例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.二、分詞的時(shí)態(tài)1.與主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)。例如：Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.2.先于主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如果先于主動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，要用havingdone。例如：Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.三、分詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)1.通常情況下，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。例如：Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebook.Sheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned等詞。例如：aretiredperson一個(gè)退休的人

afallenball一個(gè)落下來(lái)的球aburnt-outmatch一根燒完了的火柴12.—Oh!I’vejustbrokenyourvideophone.—

____________.Itcan’tbehelped.A.Nevermind

B.Allright

C.That’sfine

D.Notatall參考答案：A13.Sheandherfamilysufferedunderthebrokenhousefornearlyfivehours__________theywererescued.A.when

B.after

C.before

D.since參考答案：C14.Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich________savedforotherpurposes.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were參考答案：D試題分析：考查主謂一致。Which指代先行詞materials，當(dāng)therest在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞，如果是名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，用單數(shù)。如果是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。本句中的materials是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選D項(xiàng)。15.Withthedevelopmentofe-commerceinChina，deliverycompanies

intoclose

contactwithpeopleandfamilies．

A．get

B．havegot

C．a(chǎn)regetting

D．willget參考答案：C16.Ifweopen

quarrelbetweenthepastand

present,weshallfindthatwehavelostthefuture.

A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the參考答案：B二、完型填空17.WorththepainintheendIusedtohaterunning.ItseemedtoohardandpushingoutsidemycomfortzonewasnotsomethingIwasraisedtodo.Infact,Iwouldn’thavebecomea___9___ifitweren’tformyhusbandCharles.Hehadbeenaseriouscompetitiverunnerformanyyears.Afterourmarriage,hewouldn’tstoptalkingabouthowmuchhemissedit.“Sostartrunningagain,whydon’tyou?”Iwasgetting___10___ofhearingaboutit.Sohepickeditupagain,andafteraboutayear,Istartedtojoinhimatthetrack(跑道).Justafewweekslater,Charlessignedusbothupforafive-kilometerrace.I___11___aboutdoingit.Itwastoosoon.Buton___12___day,thereIwas.Thegunwent

___13___.Thousandsofrunnerspushedforward.Thefirstkilometerwas___14___.“Idon’tthinkI’mgoingtomakeit.”Iwasalreadybreathingheavilyandpainfullyawareofthegroupofrunners

___15___pastme.“No,you’redoing___16___”,saidCharles.Hewastryingtoencourageme,togetmefocusedonsomethingotherthanmy

___17___.“Ican’t,”Isaid,___18___audibly(聽得見地).Hetriedadifferentwayto___19___me“Justmakeittothathouseandlet’sseehowyoufeel.”AfteranotherminuteIsawthethree-kilometer

___20___.AllIcouldthinkofwasthatIwasdyingandthatmyhusbandwastorturing(折磨)me.Miserabledoesn’tevenbegintodescribe

___21___Ifelt.Andtherewassomuch___22___.“You’llbefine.You’vegotlessthanakilometertogo.”Iroundedacornerandsawbothsidesofthestreetthickwithpeoplewatchingtherace,allcheeringtherunnerson.I___23___mylegstokeepgoing.ThenIlookedupandsawtheclock.Thesecondstickingaway(一分一秒地過(guò)去)gavemeanincentive(助力).IknewthatifIfinishedthisrace,Iwouldhaveachievedsomething.So,Istraightenedup,andkickedit.IhadmyarmsheldhigherwhenIpassed___24___thefinishline.Avolunteerputa

___25___aroundmyneck.“Youdidgreat!I’mso___26___ofyou!”CharleswasthrilledthatI’d___27___it.“ThatwasAMAZING!Iwanttodoanotherrace.Thisrunningstuffisamazing!”Iproudlyhuggedmymedalaswestartedtowalktothepost-racefestivities.Mylungsandmycomfortzoneboth___28___.9.A.runner B.traveler C.racer D.cheerleader10.A.afraid B.tired C.aware D.confident11.A.thought B.dreamed C.hesitated D.cared12.A.race B.sport C.show D.task13.A.on B.off C.up D.down14.A.long B.short C.easy D.tough15.A.brushing B.walking C.pounding D.sliding16.A.wrong B.right C.great D.bad17.A.disability B.dishonor C.disgrace D.discomfort18.A.barely B.nearly C.merely D.roughly19.A.advise B.persuade C.order D.force20.A.signal B.symbol C.point D.mark21.A.how B.what C.when D.why22.A.sweat B.anger C.pain D.pleasure23.A.willed B.dragged C.pulled D.supported24.A.by B.over C.at D.through25.A.ring B.necklace C.medal D.scarf26.A.ashamed B.guilty C.sure D.proud27.A.done B.made C.taken D.caught28.A.developed B.expanded C.changed D.progressed參考答案：9.A

10.B

11.C

12.A

13.B

14.D

15.C

16.C

17.D

18.A

19.B

20.D

21.A

22.C

23.A

24.D

25.C

26.D

27.B

28.B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。記敘了一開始討厭跑步的作者，與丈夫一起參加了一起五公里跑步比賽，在途中因?yàn)楦鞣N不適想要放棄。最終在丈夫的鼓勵(lì)下成功跑過(guò)終點(diǎn)，并獲得了獎(jiǎng)?wù)碌墓适??！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：實(shí)際上，如果不是我的丈夫查爾斯，我不會(huì)成為一名跑步者。A.runner跑步者；B.traveler旅行者；C.racer比賽者；D.cheerleader拉拉隊(duì)長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)后文Istartedtojoinhimatthetrack(跑道).可知作者加入了丈夫跑步的行列，成為了一名跑步者。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我厭倦了聽到這個(gè)。A.afraid害怕的；B.tired疲憊的；厭煩的；C.aware意識(shí)到的；D.confident自信的。根據(jù)前文Afterourmarriage,hewouldn’tstoptalkingabouthowmuchhemissedit.“Sostartrunningagain,whydon’tyou?”可知結(jié)婚之后，作者的丈夫一直在說(shuō)他多想念跑步，作者對(duì)他說(shuō)“所以現(xiàn)在重新開始跑步，為什么不這樣呢”？從作者的反應(yīng)來(lái)看，她應(yīng)該是厭煩了丈夫不停地說(shuō)，故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)做這件事猶豫不決。A.thought想；思考；B.dreamed夢(mèng)想；C.hesitated猶豫；D.cared照顧。根據(jù)后文Itwastoosoon.可知作者認(rèn)為自己參加比賽為時(shí)過(guò)早，所以這里她是猶豫的，故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。。句意：但在比賽日，我去了（比賽）。A.race比賽；B.sport運(yùn)動(dòng)；C.show表演；演出；D.task任務(wù)根據(jù)前文Charlessignedusbothupforafive-kilometerrace可知作者的丈夫給她報(bào)名了一個(gè)比賽，所以這里是raceday(比賽日)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：槍聲一響，成千上萬(wàn)的跑步者向前沖去。A.on在….上；B.off

離開；脫落；C.up向上；D.down向下。根據(jù)Thousandsofrunnerspushedforward.可知成千上萬(wàn)的跑步者向前沖去，應(yīng)該是（發(fā)令）槍響了。Gooff為固定搭配，意為“發(fā)聲，爆炸”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：最開始的一公里是艱難的。A.long長(zhǎng)的；B.short短的；C.easy容易的；D.tough艱難的。根據(jù)后文“Idon’tthinkI’mgoingtomakeit.”Iwasalreadybreathingheavilyandpainfullyawareofthegroupofrunners…可知作者認(rèn)為自己辦不到，并且呼吸沉重，痛苦地意識(shí)到自己已經(jīng)被跑步人群所超過(guò)。所以這一公里對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是艱難的，故選D項(xiàng)。15題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我已經(jīng)喘著粗氣，并且痛苦地意識(shí)到有一群跑步者從我身邊咚咚地跑過(guò)。A.brushing刷；畫；B.walking走；散步；C.pounding咚咚地走，咚咚地移動(dòng)；D.sliding滑動(dòng)；滑落。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知是其他的跑步者超過(guò)了作者，C項(xiàng)最符合語(yǔ)境，故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“不，你做的很好，”查爾斯說(shuō)。A.wrong錯(cuò)誤的；B.right正確的；C.great極好的；偉大的；D.bad壞的。根據(jù)后文Hewastryingtoencourageme可知作者的丈夫在鼓勵(lì)她，所以這里應(yīng)該是對(duì)她說(shuō)她做的很好，故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他試圖鼓勵(lì)我，讓我專注于其他事情而不是我的不適。A.disability殘疾；B.dishonor丟臉；C.disgrace恥辱；D.discomfort不舒服。根據(jù)前文可知作者呼吸沉重，感覺(jué)不舒服，所以這里作者的丈夫讓她不要專注于她的不適。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我做不到”，我說(shuō)，（說(shuō)話的聲音）幾乎聽不見。A.barely僅僅；勉強(qiáng)；幾乎不；B.nearly差不多；C.merely只不過(guò)；D.roughly粗糙地。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知作者很累，所以這里她說(shuō)話的聲音很小，讓人幾乎聽不見，故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他換了一種方式勸說(shuō)我。A.advise建議；B.persuade說(shuō)服；勸說(shuō)；C.order命令；D.force強(qiáng)迫。根據(jù)后文“Justmakeittothathouseandlet’sseehowyoufeel.”可知作者的丈夫?qū)ψ髡哒f(shuō)作者堅(jiān)持到房子那兒再看看感覺(jué)得如何，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知他的目的是勸說(shuō)作者堅(jiān)持下去，故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。。句意：又過(guò)了一分鐘我看見了三公里的標(biāo)記。A.signal信號(hào)；B.symbol象征；C.point要點(diǎn)；得分；D.mark痕跡；標(biāo)記根據(jù)前文Charlessignedusbothupforafive-kilometerrace.可知作者參加了一個(gè)五公里的比賽，根據(jù)常識(shí)，這種比賽都會(huì)有標(biāo)記提醒參賽者跑了幾公里，故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：痛苦甚至無(wú)法描述我的感受是怎么樣。A.how怎么樣；B.what什么；C.when什么時(shí)候；D.why為什么。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里要表達(dá)的是我感覺(jué)怎么樣，故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有太多的痛苦了。A.sweat汗；B.anger憤怒；C.pain痛苦；D.pleasure愉悅。作者覺(jué)得用miserable（痛苦的）都無(wú)法描述她的感受，所以作者覺(jué)得有太多痛苦了，故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我用意志力使我的腿繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。A.willed用意志力使……；決心；B.dragged拖；拽；C.pulled拉；D.supported支持。根據(jù)前文Iroundedacornerandsawbothsidesofthestreetthickwithpeoplewatchingtherace,allcheeringtherunnerson可知作者轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)街角，看到街道兩旁擠滿了觀看比賽的人，都在為選手加油。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，雖然作者很疲憊，但是收到了鼓舞，用意志力使自己繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意:通過(guò)終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，我把雙臂舉得更高了。A.by被；依據(jù)；在……之前；B.over越過(guò)；在…之上；遍于…之上；C.at在；以（某種價(jià)格、速度等）；D.through.穿過(guò)；通過(guò)；。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境這里作者到達(dá)了終點(diǎn)線，passthrough搭配意為“穿過(guò)，通過(guò)”，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一位志愿者在我的脖子上掛了一個(gè)獎(jiǎng)牌。A.ring戒指；B.necklace項(xiàng)鏈；C.medal獎(jiǎng)牌；D.scarf圍巾。根據(jù)后文”Iproudlyhuggedmymedalaswestartedtowalktothepost-racefestivities.可知這里志愿者給作者的是獎(jiǎng)牌。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“你做的好極了！我為你驕傲！”A.ashamed羞愧的；B.guilty內(nèi)疚的；C.sure確信的；D.proud感到驕傲的。根據(jù)后文的Charleswasthrilled可知作者的丈夫?qū)τ谧髡咄瓿闪吮荣惸玫搅霜?jiǎng)牌這件事感到很激動(dòng)，他應(yīng)該是為作者感到驕傲，故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我成功了，查爾斯很激動(dòng)。A.done做；B.made使得；C.taken拿；D.caught捕捉。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，查爾斯是因?yàn)樽髡叱晒α硕?dòng)。makeit為固定搭配，意為“成功做某事”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意:我的肺和我的舒適區(qū)都擴(kuò)大了。A.developed發(fā)展；B.expanded擴(kuò)大；C.changed改變；D.progressed進(jìn)行。根據(jù)前文Iusedtohaterunning.ItseemedtoohardandpushingoutsidemycomfortzonewasnotsomethingIwasraisedtodo.可知作者討厭跑步，認(rèn)為跑步是把自己推出舒適區(qū)之外。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，這里作者完成了跑步比賽，走出了舒適區(qū)，因此她的舒適區(qū)也擴(kuò)大了，故選B項(xiàng)?！军c(diǎn)睛】做完形時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)上下求索。文章的句與句之間、段與段之間緊密相連、渾然一體。因此，完形填空中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)前面的信息為后面的空白提供暗示，而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情況。這時(shí)，考生切不可死盯空白不放，而要聯(lián)系上下文，尋求信息以確定答案。比如第17小題，根據(jù)后文”Iproudlyhuggedmymedalaswestartedtowalktothepost-racefestivities.可知當(dāng)作者開始參加賽后慶?；顒?dòng)時(shí)，她自豪地?fù)肀Я俗约旱莫?jiǎng)牌。這說(shuō)明志愿者給作者的是獎(jiǎng)牌。所以這里要選C項(xiàng)medal。三、閱讀理解18.Likeinternationaltravelersanywhere,foreignersvisitingtheUnitedStatesfromothercountriescanbeconfusedbysomeofwhattheyencounter.Fortunately,theirfellowtravelershaveplentyofadvice.Herearesomespeciallygoodtraveladvicefromaroundtheworld.From

Italy:Tippingisfilledwithmisunderstanding.

Q.IsittruethatIhaveto“force”totipatall?A.Itisnotmandatorytotip,however,itisstronglyrecommended,becauseinmanycasesitistheonlyentryofworkers.Generallyinarestaurant,inthecab,andinmanyplaceswherethereisaservicetipis15%.Sincethebillthatwillexplainyouexactlythecitytaxof8.875%,issufficienttodoublethatsum,withoutbotheringtodothecalculations.Inthehotelyouleavetwodollarsperdayperpersoncleaning.

ObviouslyyoudonotleavetipsinplaceslikeMcDonaldsorStarbucks.From

China:Americanslovetofollowrules,evenwhennooneislooking.

“Americansaresuchstrictrulefollowers.Iwitnessedthisoncesittingonthesidelinesofahighschooldodgeballgame.Tome,itwasridiculous,alittleviolent,andveryAmerican.Itstruckmethatmyclassmatesfollowedtherulesofthegamesostrictly.Evenwhennoonenoticedthatapersonhadbeenhitandhecouldhavekeptplaying,hevoluntarilygavehimselfupandleftthegame.Iwasdeeplyimpressedbyhowmuchpeoplehonoredtherules

evenwhentheyarenotseen.”From

Russia:Giftsarenotabigdeal.Anddidyouknowbribery(行賄)wasillegal?

“Gifts:Americansdonotexpectthem.Onthecontrary,anunexpectedgiftwhileconductingbusinesscanputanAmericaninanawkwardposition.SuchthingsforAmericanssuggestexchangeofcommercial.BusinessgiftsintheU.S.arenotacceptable.Moreover,theyoftencausesuspicion.Americansfearthattheycouldbeinterpretedasabribe,andintheUnitedStatesthatisstrictlypunishablebylaw.”From

Japan:Nobodyisimpressedbyhowmuchyoucandrink.“IntheU.S.,theydonothaveasenseofprideiftheydrinkalargeamount.Rather,ifyoudrinkalot,thereisasensethatyoucannotmanageyourself,andyoucanloserespectfromthosearoundyou.Beingdrunkdoesn'texcuseyouractions,andtodrinkalcoholhabituallyisasignofalcoholism.Alcoholicsareseenasmentallyweak,andareavoidedbysocietyduetotheirinabilitytohaveselfcontrol.”12.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellabout?A.Culturaldiversity.

B.Culturaldifferences.C.Culturalrevolution.

D.Culturalconstruction.13.Whichisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“mandatory”inPara.3?A.Required.

B.Forbidden.C.Permitted.

D.Arranged.14.Accordingtothepassage,whatareAmericansmostlikelytodo?A.Tippingeverywhere.

B.Sendingasurprisingbusinesspresent.C.Drinkingalot.

D.Obeyingthegamerules.15.WhichworddotheinternationaltravelersprobablyusetodescribeAmericans?A.Confident.

B.Self-disciplined.C.Selfless.

D.Generous.參考答案：12.B

13.A

14.D

15.B【分析】本文為說(shuō)明文。為全世界即將去美國(guó)旅游的人提供建議?！?2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)對(duì)文章第一段像國(guó)際旅行者，外國(guó)人來(lái)訪的美國(guó)從其他國(guó)家可以通過(guò)他們遇到的一些困惑。幸運(yùn)的是，他們的游客有很多建議．這里有一些特別好的來(lái)自世界各地的旅行建議。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。句意：這不是強(qiáng)制性的，但是，它是強(qiáng)烈推薦．根據(jù)文章第二段第三句中的"Answer：Itisnot

mandatorytotip，however，itisstronglyrecommended"可推知，此處mandatory意為"強(qiáng)制性的，命令的"，與"stronglyrecommended"相呼應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段"即使在沒(méi)有人注視你的時(shí)候，美國(guó)人喜歡遵循規(guī)則"。第二句"Americansaresuchstrictrulefollowers．"可推知，美國(guó)人最有可能遵守游戲規(guī)則。故選D項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。題目：國(guó)際旅行者可能用這詞來(lái)描述美國(guó)人？根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句"FromChina：Americanslovetofollowrules，evenwhennooneislooking．‘Americansaresuchstrictrulefollowers．'"，并結(jié)合對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，美國(guó)人自律性很強(qiáng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇。在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷。本題第4小題，題目：國(guó)際旅行者可能用這詞來(lái)描述美國(guó)人？根據(jù)文章第三段前兩句"FromChina：Americanslovetofollowrules，evenwhennooneislooking．‘Americansaresuchstrictrulefollowers．'"，并結(jié)合對(duì)本段的整體理解可推知，美國(guó)人自律性很強(qiáng)。故選B項(xiàng)。19.Iusedtowatchherfrommykitchenwindow．Sheseemedsosmallasshestruggledherwaythroughthecrowdofboysontheplayground．TheschoolwasacrossthestreetfromourhomeandIwouldoftenwatchthekidsastheyplayedduringbreak．IrememberthefirstdayIsawherplayingbasketball．Iwatchedinwonderassherancirclesa-roundtheotherkids．Shemanagedtoshootjumpshotsjustovertheirheadsandintothenet．Theboysalwaystriedtostopherbutnoonecould．Ibegantonoticeheratothertimes,basketballinhand,playingalone．OnedayIaskedherwhyshepracticedsomuch．Withoutamomentofhesitationshesaid,"Iwanttogotocollege．TheonlywayIcangoistogetascholarshiptosavemoneyforourfamily．Iamgoingtoplaycollegebasketball．Iwanttobethebest．MyDaddytoldmeifthedreamisbigenough,thefactsdon'tcount．"Well,Ihadtogiveittoher