2019高中英語刷題首秧基礎(chǔ)練能力練Unit1WomenofachievementSectionⅢGrammar含解析新人教版必修

SectionⅢGrammar[基礎(chǔ)題]Ⅰ單句語法填空1．(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt.答案：is2．I,who________(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourstudy.答案：am3．Morningpapers________(deliver)toeveryhouseholdinthecommunitybytheboyeverymorning.答案：aredelivered4．Theteachertogetherwiththestudents________discussingReadingSkillsthat________newlypublishedinAmerica.(be)答案：is;was5．Thenumberofpeopleinvited________fifty,butanumberofthem________absentfordifferentreasons.(be)答案：was;were6．Fewofhisfamily________(be)insupportofhim.答案：were7．Ourclothing________(protect)usfromthecold.答案：protects8．AsIhaveameetingatfour,tenminutes________(be)allthatIcansparetotalkwithyou.答案：is9．LastweekJohnwithhisclassmates________(be)busyinpreparingfortheexam.答案：was10．Inmyopinion,therich________(be)notalwayshappierthanthepoor,formoneydoesn'tmeaneverything.答案：areⅡ單句改錯(cuò)1．Maryaswellasherassistantareverykindtome.________________________________________________________________________答案：are→is2．Theclassishavingaheateddiscussion.________________________________________________________________________答案：is→are3．Heistheonlyoneoftheyoungestboyswhoplayintheband.________________________________________________________________________答案：play→plays4．Threemonthshavepassedsinceyouleft.________________________________________________________________________答案：have→has5．NotBillbutIisgoingtoleavethepositioninthecompany.________________________________________________________________________答案：is→am[能力題]Ⅰ閱讀理解ASeveraldaysago,IwaswalkinghomefromschoolandsawsomewritingonafenceofahouseIwaspassingbyeq\a\vs4\al(P).Itsaid,“Happinessisadirection,notadestinationeq\a\vs4\al(W1).”Ihadbeenhavingabaddayandjustreadingthisbrightenedeq\a\vs4\al(W2)mydayalittle.Ialsotookoutapenandwroteoneofmyfavoritequotes(格言)down.WhenIcamebacktothefence,Isawanotherquoteundermineinthesamehandwritingasthefirstone.Iaddedanother,andwekeptatthispatternforquiteawhile.Oneday,Iwaswritinganotherquoteonthefenceandtheoldman,oneofmyneighbors,whoownedthefence,sawme.HecameoutandIwasafraidhewouldbemadatmeforwritingonhisfence;hewasnotknowntobeveryfriendly.Hegavemeasharpeq\a\vs4\al(W3)glanceandthenreadthequotesonthefence.Withoutsayingaword,hesaidsomethingtohimselfandthenwentbackinside.Iwasabitterrifiedforawhile,afraidtogobacktothefence,butwhenIdid,Inoticednotmorequotesbuttwowordsinentirelydifferenthandwritinghadbeenadded,“Thankyou.”Later,Isawtheoldmaninhisfrontyard.Hebeckonedeq\a\vs4\al(W4)meoverandtoldmehowmyquoteshadbeeninspiringhim,howhethankedmeandhowhewasgladtoseeyoungpeoplestillhave“values”.WearenowgoodfriendsandItalktohimalot.Thisexperiencehaschangedmylife.Istilldon'tknowwhowrotethatveryfirstquote,butifheisoutthere,I'dliketosay“thanks”tothatunknownfriend.1．Whydidthewriterbegintowriteaquoteonthefence?A．Hewantedtopracticehishandwriting.B．Hehadgottensomehelpfromthequote.C．Hethoughtthatdoingthiswasinteresting.D．Hewantedtodrawhisneighbor'sattention.答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，當(dāng)作者讀了那則格言后，不愉快的情緒緩解了一些。因此選B。2．Whywasthewriterafraidwhenhefoundthathisneighborhadseenhim?A．Hehadthoughtthattheoldmanwasamadperson.B．Hehadoncebeentoldthattheoldmanwasunkind.C．Hethoughttheoldmanwouldscoldhimforwhathehaddone.D．Hethoughttheoldmanwouldtellhisparentsabouthisaction.答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第四句可知，老人并非和善之人，他害怕自己在老人的籬笆上寫字，老人會(huì)為此責(zé)罵自己。3．Beforereadingthequotesonhisfencetheoldman________.A．wasveryhappyB．didnotmindthemC．wasabitangryD．wasverysad答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第五句可知，那位老人在讀這些格言之前是不高興的。4．Whomusthaveadded“Thankyou”tothefence?A．Theoldman.B．Someoneelse.C．Thewriterhimself.D．Thatunknownfriend答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句及最后一段第二句可推測出“Thankyou”一定是那位老人寫的。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．destinationn.終點(diǎn)；目的地2．brightenv.使更明亮；使更快樂3．sharpadj.嚴(yán)厲的；尖刻的4．beckonv.召喚；(招手)示意eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)passby經(jīng)過BNotlongago,fewlittlegirlsimaginedeq\a\vs4\al(W1)theycouldgrowuptobecomeastronauts.ForyearsintheUnitedStates,onlymenhadthatopportunity.In1983,thatchanged.SallyRidemadehistorybybecomingthefirstAmericanwomantotraveltospace.OnJuly23,2012,Ridediedattheageof61.“Sallywasanationalheroandapowerfulrolemodel，”formerPresidentoftheUSA,BarackObamasaidinastatement.“Sheinspiredgenerationsofyounggirlstoreachforthestars.”Ridebecameinterestedinspacewhenshewasakid.“IfyouaskedmewhenIwas12whetherIwantedtobeanastronaut,I'msureIwouldhavesaidyes，”shesaidina2010interview.“ButIdidn'teventhinkaboutthatasapossiblecareer.”Afterstudyingphysicsincollegeandgraduateschool,Ridegotherchance.ShewasacceptedintoNASA'sastronauttrainingprogramin1978,andthenchosentobethefirstAmericanfemaleinspace.In1983,sheblastedintospaceaboardtheChallengershuttle.“There_is_no_amusement_park_ride_on_the_Earth_that_even_comes_so_close，”shesaid.RidereturnedtospaceontheChallengerasecondtimein1984.Betweenthetwomissionseq\a\vs4\al(W2)，shespentatotalof343hoursinorbiteq\a\vs4\al(P1).Afterthat,sheremainedinvolvedwitheq\a\vs4\al(P2)thespaceprogramandalsoworkedtoshareherpassionforsciencewithkids.Shecoauthoredeq\a\vs4\al(W3)sixsciencebooksforchildren,andstartedherownscienceeducationcompany.Rideknewthatsheheldauniqueplaceinhistory.“Irealizedhowimportantitwasforawomantobreakthatbarrierandopenthedoorforotherwomentobeabletodothesameexcitingthingsthatthemenhadbeendoing，”shesaid.SinceRide'shistorictrip,morethan40otherAmericanwomenhavetraveledtospace.TheyallhadRidetothankforopeningthedoortothefinalfrontier.5．SallyRidewasregardedasanationalherobecauseshe________.A．wasthefirstAmericantotraveltospaceB．openedadoorforwomentofindjobssuitableforthemC．becamethefirstAmericanfemaleinspaceD．wasthefirsttotravelontheChallenger答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可知，SallyRide是美國第一個(gè)進(jìn)入太空的女宇航員，所以她被看作是民族英雄。6．Bysaying“ThereisnoamusementparkrideontheEarththatevencomessoclose”，Ridereallymeantthat________.A．shepreferredarideinanamusementparkontheEarthB．thetriptospacewaslikethatinanamusementparkC．shecameclosetoanamusementparkontheEarthD．thetriptospacewasfarmoreinterestingthananyrideontheEarth答案：D句意理解題。comeclose“接近，差不多”。她的意思是，進(jìn)入太空的旅行是在地球上乘坐任何游樂設(shè)施都無可比擬的，因而也有趣得多。7．ThecorrectorderofthefollowingeventsthathappenedtoSallyRideis________.a．a(chǎn)cceptedintoanastronauttrainingprogramb．spentatotalof343hoursinorbitc．coauthoredsixsciencebooksforchildrend．traveledtospaceaboardtheChallengerforthefirsttimee．studiedphysicsincollegeandgraduateschoolA．e－a－b－c－dB．a(chǎn)－d－b－c－eC．e－a－d－b－cD．e－a－b－d－c答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段和第五段的內(nèi)容可知，事情發(fā)生的先后順序是e－a－d－b－c，故選C項(xiàng)。8．Thepassageismostprobablytakenoutof________.A．a(chǎn)novelB．a(chǎn)reportC．a(chǎn)diaryD．a(chǎn)nessay答案：B推理判斷題。本文介紹了美國第一位進(jìn)入太空的女宇航員的經(jīng)歷和成就，應(yīng)該是出自一篇人物報(bào)道。eq\a\vs4\al(W重點(diǎn)單詞)1．imaginevt.想像；設(shè)想2.missionn.使命；代表團(tuán)3．coauthorvt.合著eq\a\vs4\al(P重點(diǎn)短語)1．inorbit在軌道上2．beinvolvedwith與……有密切關(guān)系；關(guān)注；投入Ⅱ語法填空Youmaylikereadingnovelsforfun.Butyouneedtoget__1__(organize)ifyouarereadinganovelforschool.Here__2__(be)afewtips.First,payattentiontocharacters.Whatdotheydointhenovel?Whatdotheywant?Everything__3__isaboutacharactercanhelpustounderstandhim,fromhis__4__(appear)tothekindoffoodheeats.Besides,theorderofthestoryandtheplotare__5__(equal)important.Makesurethatasyouread,youmake__6__quicknoteofwhathappensineachchapter.Thiswillhelpyoubringthethingsyouhavenoticedaboutthecharacter,setting,languageandsoontogether.It'salsoanenormoushelpforyoutoretellthestoryafteryouhavereadit.Next,themes.Theyareideasthatanovelexplores.__7__isamusttogetthehangofthethemeifyouwanttofullyappreciatethenovel.Perhapsloveisamajortheme,orjustice,or__8__(survive)．Furthermore,novelsaremadeup__9__language.Writersuselanguageinaspecialway__10__(make)theirnovelswork.Theymayusemetaphors,inventsymbols,orshowdifferentcharacters'personalitiesthroughtheirspeechstyles.篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了如何讀好一本小說。1．organized考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處是“get＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“變得……”。organized作形容詞，意為“有組織的；有條理的”。2．a(chǎn)re考查主謂一致。here,there,now,then,thus等副詞置于句首，句子常用倒裝形式。主語是afewtips，為復(fù)數(shù)名詞，故用are。3．that考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句的先行詞是不定代詞everything，故用that引導(dǎo)。4．a(chǎn)ppearance考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。his是形容詞性物主代詞，后面應(yīng)該用名詞形式，故填appearance，指外表。5．equally考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾形容詞important，應(yīng)該用副詞，故填equally。6．a(chǎn)考查冠詞。makea(n)...noteof...“記下……”，為常用短語，且quick以輔音音素開頭，故填不定冠詞a。7．It考查it的用法。所填詞位于句首，此處用it作形式主語，后面的不定式是真正的主語。8．survival考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。所填詞與love,justice并列，應(yīng)該填名詞單數(shù)形式，且在本句中表示“逃生，幸存”，故填survival。9．of考查介詞。bemadeupof“由……組成”，為固定搭配，故填of。10．tomake考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此處用不定式tomake作目的狀語。Ⅲ短文改錯(cuò)Asweallknow,cultureissimilarwithaniceberg(冰山).Thereareculturalruleswhereareobviousandeasilytounderstand.Mostofourculturalvalues,however,isnotclearorhidden.Forexample,whenyouwillvisitarestaurantinJapan,peoplemaysitinthefloorandusechopstickstoeat.Theseeathabitsareeasytocomeacross.Youmaynotknow,therefore,thatit'scommonforamantositcross-leggedonthefloor,butit'snotc