2023屆廣東省名校高三下學期5月仿真模擬考試英語試題（ 含答案解析 ）

第1頁/共1頁高三英語考試注意事項：1．答題前，考生務必將自己的姓名、考生號、考場號、座位號填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AFromlife-savingmedicaltechnologiestoeverydayhouseholditems,thesefourbrilliantwomenleftanindeliblemarkonhistorywiththeirinventions.ModernironingboardbySarahBooneBeforetheinvention,clothingusedtobeironedonwoodenplanksbalancedbetweenchairs.Thoughitseemslikeasimpleinvention,Boneputalotofthoughtsintoit,whichwasevidentintheendproduct.Asidefromsolvingtheinitialproblemofunevenironing,Boonealsomadetheironingboard’slegsfoldedforstorageanddesignedacurved(弧形的)shapeforthebodytoaccommodatesleevesandcurvedareas.Alongsideherinvention,BoonealsobecameoneofthefirstAfrican-Americanwomantoreceiveapatent.SilkbyEmpressLeiZuThoughthereisnowayofconfirmingtheaccount,ancientwritings(includingConfucius’)attributethefirstinventionofsilktotheChineseEmpressLeiZu,whowasfour-teenatthetimeandhadbeenenjoyingteaintheimperialgardenswhenafatefulincidenttookplace.Acocoon(繭)fellintoherteacupandlostitscohesiveness(粘結性)uponcontactwiththehotwater.ThefactthatthecocoonwasasinglestrandofsilkhaddrawnLeiZu’sattentionandshewovethethreadintofabric,creatingsilkcloth.CallerIDandcallwaitingbyShirleyAnnJacksonDrShirleyAnnJacksonbroketheglassceilingasthefirstAfrican-AmericanwomantobeawardedadoctoratefromMIT.ShecontributedtotheinventionofcallerIDandcallwaitingduringherresearchperiodatAT&.TBellLaboratories,sowecannowseethephonenumberandnameofwhoeverisringingourphones.Spray-onskinrepairtechniquebyFionaWoodDrFionaWoodintroducedspray-onskinrepairtechniquetotheworldinthe1990s.Thetechniquechangedthewayinwhichburnvictimsusedtobetreated,asspray-onskinrepairtechniquecanbedirectlyappliedtowoundstoformanewlayerofskinthatpromoteshealingandminimisestheriskofinfection.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutSarahBoone?A.Shelearnedalotfromironing. B.Shesolvedtheproblemofwashing.C.Shecreatedapieceofusefulfurniture. D.Shewasthefirstpersontoreceiveapatent.2.WhatinspiredLeiZutofindsilk?AHerinterestindrinkingtea. B.Acocoondroppingintohercup.C.Adesiretowritesomethingcrucial. D.Herworkingintheimperialgardens.3.Whomadeacontributiontomedicalcause?A.SarahBoone. B.LeiZu. C.ShirleyAnnJackson. D.FionaWood.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導語】本文是應用文。文章介紹了四位杰出的女性?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Beforetheinvention,clothingusedtobeironedonwoodenplanksbalancedbetweenchairs.Thoughitseemslikeasimpleinvention,Booneputalotofthoughtsintoit,whichwasevidentintheendproduct.Asidefromsolvingtheinitialproblemofunevenironing,Boonealsomadetheironingboard’slegsfoldedforstorageanddesignedacurved(弧形的)shapeforthebodytoaccommodatesleevesandcurvedareas.(在發(fā)明之前，衣服是在椅子之間的木板上熨燙的。雖然這看起來像是一個簡單的發(fā)明，但Boone在其中投入了很多想法，這在最終產(chǎn)品中是顯而易見的。除了解決最初熨燙不均勻的問題外，Boone還將熨衣板的腿折疊起來存放，并為木板設計了一個彎曲的形狀，以容納袖子和彎曲的區(qū)域)”可知，SarahBoone發(fā)明的燙衣板是一件有用的家具。故選C項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Acocoon(繭)fellintoherteacupandlostitscohesiveness(粘結性)uponcontactwiththehotwater.ThefactthatthecocoonwasasinglestrandofsilkhaddrawnLeiZu’sattentionandshewovethethreadintofabric,creatingsilkcloth.(一只繭掉進了她的茶杯里，一接觸到熱水就失去了粘性。蠶繭是一根單絲，這引起了嫘祖的注意，她把絲線織成織物，制成了絲綢)”可知，嫘祖在花園喝茶時，一只繭掉進了她的杯子里。這個意外讓她發(fā)現(xiàn)了蠶絲。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“DrFionaWoodintroducedspray-onskinrepairtechniquetotheworldinthe1990s.(菲奧娜·伍德醫(yī)生在20世紀90年代向世界介紹了皮膚噴霧修復技術)”可知，F(xiàn)ionaWood首創(chuàng)了用噴霧治療皮膚燒傷的技術，為醫(yī)療事業(yè)做出了貢獻。故選D項。BMyfatherwasthekindofguywhocouldwalkintoaroomfullofstrangersandleavewithnewbestfriendsforlife!Hewasahardworkerandwasknownas“MrFix-It”toeveryone.Hewasalsooneofthemostcheerful,affable(和葛可親的)andgentlepeopleyouwouldevermeet,whichmadeus,hisbeloveddaughtersfeelproud.ButwhenDadwasinhisfifties,myfamilybegantonoticehimstruggling.Hisworkandskillsbegantobecomeworseandworse,andhebecamedepressedandwithdrawn.ThiswasnotthemanIknew.Attheageoffifty-eight,Dadwasdiagnosedwithearly-onsetAlzheimer’sdisease.Asforourfamily,itwastheworst.OurfirststepwastoattendameetinghostedbytheAlzheimer’sAssociationtolearnmoreaboutthediseaseandprogramsthatmighthelpus.ThatmeetinginspiredmetostartaWalktoEndAlzheimer’s?team.ButIstillwantedtodomore.In2017,IbecameaboardmemberoftheAlzheimer’sAssociationDelawareValleyChapter.Thelossfromthisdiseaseisgradual.Myfather’sdeclinecontinuedforseveralyears.Losingmyfathermoreandmoreeachdaywasleavingabigholeinmyheartandmylife.Idecidedtofillthatholewithactiontohonormyfather.That’swhyIrecentlydecidedtoleaveagifttotheAlzheimer’sAssociationbynamingitasabeneficiaryofmyretirementplan.MyfuturegiftwillprovidemoneytosupportresearchbecauseIdon’twantanotherpersoninmyfamilyorsomeoneinotherfamiliestohavetosufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.IamsoproudtobeabletohonormyfatherandotherfamilymemberswholosttheirfightstoAlzheimer’sinthisway.Mydadwasaninspirationtome,andIhope,throughmygift,IcaninspireotherstojoininthefighttoendAlzheimer’s.4.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthor’sfatherbeforehavingAlzheimer’s?A.Hewasanoutgoingman. B.Hehikedwithstrangers.C.Hemadealivingbysales. D.Hewasapopularrepairerofcars.5.Whatdidtheauthorinitiallydoforherfather’sdisease?A.Sheconsultedmanyexperts. B.Sheestablishedaresearchteam.C.Shegainedmorerelevantinformation. D.ShefundedtheAlzheimer’sAssociation.6.WhatgiftdoestheauthorleavetotheAlzheimer’sAssociation?A.Researchfundsforthedisease. B.Arecordofherfather’smentalstate.C.Herresearchpapersonfamilieslikehers. D.Experts’suggestionsonherfather’sdisease.7.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelastparagraph?A.Herpreciousgift. B.Herfather’sfirmconfidence.C.Herfutureexpectation. D.Herfather’soriginalmotivation.【答案】4.A5.C6.A7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。父親確診為早發(fā)型阿爾茨海默病，在了解這種疾病和逐漸“失去”父親的過程中，作者投入到與阿爾茨海默病相關的慈善事業(yè)中，并呼吁人們參與其中?！驹斀狻?.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Myfatherwasthekindofguywhocouldwalkintoaroomfullofstrangersandleavewithnewbestfriendsforlife!(我父親是那種可以走進一間滿是陌生人的房間，離開時卻能交到一輩子最好的朋友的人！)”可推知，作者的父親在患病前是一個善于交際的人，外向的人。故選A。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“OurfirststepwastoattendameetinghostedbytheAlzheimer’sAssociationtolearnmoreaboutthediseaseandprogramsthatmighthelpus.(我們的第一步是參加由阿爾茨海默氏癥協(xié)會主辦的會議，了解更多關于這種疾病的知識和可能幫助我們的項目)”可知，作者在父親確診為早發(fā)型阿爾茨海默病后，最初去參加了阿爾茨海默病協(xié)會主辦的會議，以了解更多關于該疾病的信息。故選C。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“That’swhyIrecentlydecidedtoleaveagifttotheAlzheimer’sAssociationbynamingitasabeneficiaryofmyretirementplan.MyfuturegiftwillprovidemoneytosupportresearchbecauseIdon’twantanotherpersoninmyfamilyorsomeoneinotherfamiliestohavetosufferfromAlzheimer’sdisease.(這就是為什么我最近決定給阿爾茨海默氏癥協(xié)會留下一份禮物，把它命名為我退休計劃的受益人的原因。我未來的禮物將提供資金支持研究，因為我不希望我的家人或其他家庭的人患上阿爾茨海默病)”可知，作者留給了阿爾茨海默氏癥協(xié)會研究該疾病的經(jīng)費。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“IamsoproudtobeabletohonormyfatherandotherfamilymemberswholosttheirfightstoAlzheimer’sinthisway.Mydadwasaninspirationtome,andIhope,throughmygift,IcaninspireotherstojoininthefighttoendAlzheimer’s.(我很自豪能夠以這種方式紀念我的父親和其他與阿爾茨海默氏癥斗爭失敗的家庭成員。我的父親鼓舞了我，我希望，通過我的禮物，我可以激勵其他人加入到結束阿爾茨海默氏癥的斗爭中來)”可推知，作者在最后一段的重點是闡述她對未來的期盼。故選C。CConifers(針葉樹)aregenerallybetterthanbroad-leavedtreesatpurifyingairfrompollutants.Butdeciduous(落葉的)treesmaybebetterattakinginparticle-boundpollution.AnewstudyledbytheUniversityofGothenburgshowsthatthebesttreesforairpurificationdependonthetypeofpollutantsinvolved.Treesandothergreenerincitiesprovidemanybenefitsthatareimportantforthewell-beingofresidents.Leavesandneedledontreesfilterairpollutantsandreduceexposuretopoisonoussubstanceintheair.Butwhichtreespurifytheairmosteffectively?ResearchersfromtheUniversityofGothenburghavecollectedleavesandneedlefromelevendifferenttreesgrowinginthesameplaceintheGothenburgBotanicalGarden(GBG)toanalysewhichcub-stancestheyhaveabsorbed.“Thistreecollectionprovidedauniqueopportunitytotestmanydifferentspeciesoftreeswithsimilarenvironmentalconditionsandexposuretoairpollutants,”saidJennyKlingberg,aresearcheroftheGBGAtotalof32differentpollutantswereanalysed,someofwhichareboundtoarticlesofvarioussizes.Othersaregaseous.Thisprojecthasfocusedonpaths(多環(huán)芳烴).Incities,trafficisthebiggestsourceofthesepollutants,whicharereleasedduetoincompleteburninginengines.“Ouranalysisshowthatdifferentspeciesoftreeshavedifferentabilitiestoabsorbairpollutants.Conifersgenerallyabsorbmorngaseouspathsthanbroad-leavedtrees.Anotheradvantageofconifersisthattheyalsoactasairpurifiesinwinter,whenairpollutionisusuallyatitshighest,”saidJennyKlingberg.“Thisstudycontributestoimprovingourunderstandingoftheabilityoftreestocleantheairandwhichspeciesarebestatabsorbingairpollutants,”saidJennyKlingberg.Thisknown-edgeisimportantforurbanplanningwhendesigningsustainablecities.Whiletreesandgreen-eracancontributetobetterairqualityincities,attheendoftheday,themostimportantmeasureistoreduceemissions.8.Whichisthedeterminingfactorinchoosingthemostsuitabletriestopurifyair?A.Airquality. B.Geographicallocation. C.Theheightofplants. D.Thekindofpollutants.9.WhydidtheresearcherscollectleavesandneedledfromGBG?A.Tocomparetheirshapes. B.Tocreateatreecollection.C.Tofigureoutwhattheyabsorb. D.Todisplaythemonexhibition.10.Whatmaycausemorepathstobereleased?A.Fuelvehicle’s. B.Electricengines. C.Trafficaccidents. D.Completeburning.11.Whatisthemosteffectivewaytobetterairqualityincities?A.Decreasingemissions. B.Plantingmoreconifers.C.Raisingpublicawareness. D.Designingsustainablecities.【答案】8.D9.C10.A11.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹哥德堡大學的一項新研究表明，凈化空氣的最佳樹木取決于所涉及的污染物的類型?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Conifers(針葉樹)aregenerallybetterthanbroad-leavedtreesatpurifyingairfrompollutants.Butdeciduous(落葉的)treesmaybebetterattakinginparticle-boundpollution.AnewstudyledbytheUniversityofGothenburgshowsthatthebesttreesforairpurificationdependonthetypeofpollutantsinvolved.(針葉樹通常比闊葉樹更能凈化空氣中的污染物。但是落葉樹木在吸收微粒污染方面可能做得更好。哥德堡大學領導的一項新研究表明，凈化空氣的最佳樹木取決于所涉及的污染物的類型)”可知，凈化空氣的最佳樹木取決于所涉及的污染物的類型。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofGothenburghavecollectedleavesandneedlefromelevendifferenttreesgrowinginthesameplaceintheGothenburgBotanicalGarden(GBG)toanalysewhichcub-stancestheyhaveabsorbed.(哥德堡大學的研究人員收集了生長在哥德堡植物園(GBG)同一地點的11棵不同樹木的葉子和針葉，以分析它們吸收了哪些物質)”可知，哥德堡大學的研究人員收集了生長在哥德堡植物園內同一地點的11棵不同樹木的葉子，目的是分析它們吸收了哪些物質。故選C?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Atotalof32differentpollutantswereanalysed,someofwhichareboundtoarticlesofvarioussizes.Othersaregaseous.Thisprojecthasfocusedonpaths(多環(huán)芳烴).Incities,trafficisthebiggestsourceofthesepollutants,whicharereleasedduetoincompleteburninginengines.(總共分析了32種不同的污染物，其中一些與不同大小的物品結合在一起。還有一些是氣態(tài)的。這個項目的重點是路徑。在城市中，交通是這些污染物的最大來源，這些污染物是由于發(fā)動機不完全燃燒而釋放的)”可知，交通是這些污染物的最大來源，它們是由于發(fā)動機不完全燃燒而釋放出來的。故選A?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Whiletreesandgreen-eracancontributetobetterairqualityincities,attheendoftheday,themostimportantmeasureistoreduceemissions.(雖然樹木和綠色時代有助于改善城市的空氣質量，但歸根結底，最重要的措施是減少排放)”可知，改善城市空氣質量的最有效方法減少排放。故選A。DDiplomacy(外交)isanart.Itrequiresnotonlystrategy,butalsootheraspects,includingintuition,persuasion,andeventricks,humanskillsthathavelongbeenunreachabletoeventhemostpowerfulartificialintelligence(AI)approaches.Now,anAIalgorithm(算法)fromahigh-techcompanyhasshownitcanbeatmanyhumansinagameofdiplomacy,whichrequiredbothstrategicplanningandnegotiationswithotherplayers.Thework,researcherssaid,couldpointthewaytowardvirtualexercisecoachesandconflictmediators(調解員).AIhasalreadybeatenhumansinsomegamesofstrategy.Itisalsoprovingpowerfulatnatural-languageprocessing,inwhichitcangeneratehumanliketextandcarryonconversations.Inthegameofdiplomacy,sevenplayersviedforcontrolofEurope.Oneachturn,playersissuedordersregardingthemovementofarmyandnavalunits,followingdiscussionwithotherplayers,whomtheycouldattackorsupport.TherearetwotechnicalinnovationsnotedbyJonathanGratch,acomputerscientistattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniawhostudiesnegotiationagents.First,theAlagent’scom-municationisgroundedinmultistepplanning.Second.theAlagentkeepsitsremarksandgameplaywithintherangeofhumancommonpractice.Totestitsskill,theresearchershadtheAlagentplay40onlinegamesagainsthumans.Itplacedinthetop10%ofplayerswho’dplayedatleasttwogames.“Inagamethatinvolveslanguageandnegotiation,thatagentscanreachhumanequallevelisveryexciting,”saidYu,acomputerscientistatColumbiaUniversity.AccordingtoBrown,acomputerscientistatthecompanywhoco-authoredthepaper,theworkcouldleadtopracticalapplicationsinfieldsthatnowrequireahumantouch.Onespecificexampleisthatvirtualpersonalassistantsmighthelpconsumersnegotiateforbetterpricesonplanetickets.GratchandYubothseeopportunitiesforagentsthatpersuadepeopletomakehealthychoicesoropenupduringtherapy.12.Whoislikelytobenefitfromtheresearchwork?A.Afamouscyberathlete. B.Aprofessorofcivillaw.C.Aprofessionalaccountant. D.Avirtualfitnessinstructor.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vied”meaninparagraph2?A.Accounted. B.Apologized. C.Searched. D.Competed.14.WhydoestheauthormentionAIagent?A.TounderstandthethoughtofAI. B.ToillustratetheadvantagesofAI.C.TodescribetheimportanceofAI. D.TointroducethestrategyofAI.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Diplomacy,aPopularGame B.AILearnstheArtofDiplomacyC.AlWillBecomeaPerfectDiplomat D.AnExcellentGamePlayer【答案】12.D13.D14.B15.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章介紹了人工智能具有了談判和其他一些外交技能。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thework,researcherssaid,couldpointthewaytowardvirtualexercisecoachesandconflictmediators(調解員).(研究人員表示，這項工作可能會為虛擬運動教練和沖突調解人指明方向)”可知，虛擬健身教練可能從這項研究工作中受益。故選D。【13題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Inthegameofdiplomacy,sevenplayers(在外交游戲中，七名玩家)”和下文“controlofEurope(控制歐洲)”可知，劃線詞所在句子表示“在外交游戲中，七名選手爭奪對歐洲的控制權”。由此可知，劃線詞vied的意思是“競爭”，和competed意思相近，故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“First,theAlagent’scom-municationisgroundedinmultistepplanning.Second.theAlagentkeepsitsremarksandgameplaywithintherangeofhumancommonpractice.(首先，人工智能主體的通信建立在多步驟規(guī)劃的基礎上。第二。人工智能代理將其言論和游戲玩法保持在人類通常做法的范圍內)”和第四段“Totestitsskill,theresearchershadtheAlagentplay40onlinegamesagainsthumans.Itplacedinthetop10%ofplayerswho’dplayedatleasttwogames.“Inagamethatinvolveslanguageandnegotiation,thatagentscanreachhumanequallevelisveryexciting,”saidYu,acomputerscientistatColumbiaUniversity.(為了測試它的技能，研究人員讓人工智能和人類玩了40場在線游戲。它在至少玩過兩款游戲的玩家中排名前10%?！霸谝粋€涉及語言和談判的游戲中，智能體能達到與人類相當?shù)乃绞欠浅Ａ钊伺d奮的，”哥倫比亞大學的計算機科學家Yu說)”可推知，作者提到人工智能代理是為了說明人工智能的優(yōu)勢。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Now,anAIalgorithm(算法)fromahigh-techcompanyhasshownitcanbeatmanyhumansinagameofdiplomacy,whichrequiredbothstrategicplanningandnegotiationswithotherplayers.Thework,researcherssaid,couldpointthewaytowardvirtualexercisecoachesandconflictmediators(調解員).(現(xiàn)在，一家高科技公司的人工智能算法顯示，它可以在外交游戲中擊敗許多人類，這需要戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和與其他玩家的談判。研究人員表示，這項工作可能會為虛擬運動教練和沖突調解人指明方向)”可知，本文主要介紹了人工智能具有的談判和其他一些外交技能。由此可知，最好的標題是B選項“AILearnstheArtofDiplomacy(人工智能學會了外交藝術)”。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Howtoprepareforathrillinghike?Hikingneedsmentalandphysicalpreparationweeksbeforethematerialday.Ifyou’reafanofhikingmountains.Hereisaguidetohelpyou.TrainhardandtrainintimeYouneedtotrainyourbodyatleastthreemonthsbeforethechallenge.___16___Youcanstartwithbabystepsandgraduallytakemoredemandingexercisesanddistance.Youcanoftencarryyourhikingsticktopromotestability.Keeptrackofyourprogresstohelpyouachieveyourgoal.Chooseyourclothescarefully___17___.Wearlightabsorbentpantstoreducefrictionandpromoteabsorptionofsweat.Longpantskeepyousafefromstingingweeds,insectsandtoughweather.___18___Youmustconsidervariousfactorsbeforepurchasingthemostappropriatehikingshoes.First,mindtheterrain(地形)ofthehikingground.Amildterrainwilldofinewithlightshoes.Ontheotherhand.Atough,hardandmountainousterrainrequirehardyhotstohelpnavigatetherockygrounds.AdequatelypackyourbagYourbagisyourlifelinewhenhiking.Wateristhemostessentialitchwhenhiking.Thebodyperformsbestwhenyouhydratefrequentlythroughoutthechallenge.Carryadequatecleanwaterandsipoften.___19___Theseareprimarytoolstohelpyoufindyourway,waterpoints,emergencytowers,andotherplaces.Hopeforthelestbutalwaysprepareforever-agencies.Thus,ensureyouhaveaflashlight,alighterandawhistle.Hikingisarefreshingwayofkeepingfit,havingfunandbuildingresilience.___20___A.ChooseappropriatefootwearB.SearchfortherouteyouwillhehikingC.Carryacompass,amapandagaswithyouD.AdequatewatercanhelpyoubeingoodconlitionE.createaregularscheduleandbedisciplinedtofollowitF.WearappropriateclothesthatallowyourfreemovementG.Adequateplanningwillhelphaveafantasticexperienceofit【答案】16.E17.F18.A19.C20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章告訴我們如何為驚險的徒步旅行做準備?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Youneedtotrainyourbodyatleastthreemonthsbeforethechallenge.(在挑戰(zhàn)開始前，你至少需要提前三個月訓練你的身體。)”和下文“Youcanstartwithbabystepsandgraduallytakemoredemandingexercisesanddistance.(你可以從小步開始，逐漸進行更多的練習并增加距離。)”可推測設空處應該是制定訓練計劃，然后按時訓練，E項“制訂一個有規(guī)律的時間表，并嚴格遵守?！狈险Z境。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)本段標題“Chooseyourclothescarefully(仔細選擇你的衣服)”和下文“Wearlightabsorbentpantstoreducefrictionandpromoteabsorptionofsweat.(穿輕薄的褲子可以減少摩擦，促進汗水的吸收)”可知本段主要講要穿適合的衣服，F(xiàn)項“穿合適的，能讓你自由活動的衣服?！狈险Z境。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Youmustconsidervariousfactorsbeforepurchasingthemostappropriatehikingshoes.(在購買最合適的登山鞋之前，你必須考慮各種因素。)”可知本段是關于如何選擇鞋子的，所以A項“選擇合適的鞋”是本段的主題。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Theseareprimarytoolstohelpyoufindyourway,waterpoints,emergencytowers,andotherplaces.(這些都是幫助你找到方向、供水點、應急塔和其他地方的主要工具。)”可知，設空處應是要攜帶的工具，C項“隨身攜帶指南針、地圖和GPS?！狈险Z境。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hikingisarefreshingwayofkeepingfit,havingfunandbuildingresilience.(徒步旅行是一種可以讓人保持健康、享受樂趣和增強復原力的方式。)”可知后文是對前面進行總結，所以只有計劃好，才會有一個美好的徒步旅行體驗，G項“充分的計劃將有助于獲得美妙的戶外體驗?！狈险Z境。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Theworldisfullofopportunities.Ignoringthemorseizingonedependsonone’sattitude.Mikeseizedthechanceanddidwhathewantedtodo.Mikeusedtobeajanitor(看門人)atanelementaryschool.Hecollectedandclearedawaythe____21____fortheschooltoo.Thisschoolhasa____22____placeinMike’sheart.Hewenttothisschoolasayoungboyandwasateachertherefor19years.However,beforehiscareerinteaching,he____23____inthesameschoolasajanitor.Hehasalwaysbeengoodat____24____withstudents.Seeingthis,theteachers____25____himtopursueateachingcareer.Afteryearsofhardworkandfierce____26____,Mikefinishedhisdegreein2003and____27____ateachingjobattheelementaryschool.Sincethen,hehasbecomeaconstant____28____intheschool.Mikefoundteachingaveryrewardingjob.Forhim,itwasimportantthatthestudentsgrowupnotjustrememberingthe____29____butalsohowateachermadethemfeel.Mikewasexcitedtoteachthechildrenattheschoolandwas_____30_____toteachthefifthgrade.Hewasshockedwhenthedirectorsofferedhimthe_____31_____ofprincipalaweekbeforetheschoolyearstarted.“Iam_____32_____grateful.Idon’tdoanythingspecial.Ijust_____33_____andtrymybest,”saidMike.Hewasalsoveryexcitedtotakeonthechallengesofbeingthenew_____34_____oftheschool,assumenewresponsibilitiesandhelp_____35_____theschool.21.A.bag B.mouse C.refuse D.beggar22.A.special B.formal C.mobile D.confusing23.A.lived B.worked C.studied D.arrived24.A.quarrelling B.debating C.fighting D.communicating25.A.commanded B.encouraged C.constructed D.allowed26.A.determination B.appreciation C.suffering D.impression27.A.rejected B.obtained C.offered D.reformed28.A.candidate B.reporter C.figure D.cyclist29.A.sufferings B.classmates C.pleasures D.lessons30.A.prepared B.guided C.pressed D.depressed31.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior32.A.despairingly B.truly C.nearly D.exactly33.A.letin B.getout C.setaside D.showup34.A.operator B.visitor C.leader D.performer35.A.rebuild B.search C.attain D.improve【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.D25.B26.A27.B28.C29.D30.A31.A32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導語】本文是夾敘夾議文。文章主要講述了邁克抓住機會，做了他想做的事。這表明這個世界充滿了機遇，忽視它們或抓住它們取決于一個人的態(tài)度?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他也為學校收集并清理了垃圾。A.bag包；B.mouse老鼠；C.refuse垃圾；D.beggar乞討者。根據(jù)上文“Mikeusedtobeajanitor(看門人)atanelementaryschool.Hecollectedandclearedaway”可知，邁克作為學校的看門人，能收集并清理的應該是學校的垃圾。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這所學校在邁克心中有著特殊的地位。A.special特殊的；B.formal正式的；C.mobile無線的；D.confusing令人困惑的。根據(jù)下文“Hewenttothisschoolasayoungboyandwasateachertherefor19years.”可知，這所學校對邁克來說是很特殊的存在。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在他從事教學工作之前，他曾在同一所學校擔任看門人。A.lived居??；B.worked工作；C.studied研究；D.arrived到達。根據(jù)下文“inthesameschoolasajanitor”可知，這里是指邁克從事教學工作之前的工作。故選B?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他一向善于與學生交流。A.quarrelling爭吵；B.debating爭論；C.fighting打架；D.communicating交流。根據(jù)下文“Seeingthis,theteachers5himtopursueateachingcareer.”可知，這里指邁克善于與學生交流。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到這一點，老師們鼓勵他從事教學事業(yè)。A.commanded要求；B.encouraged鼓勵；C.constructed建設；D.allowed允許。根據(jù)下文“himtopursueateachingcareer”可知，這是其他老師們鼓勵邁克去做的事情。故選B?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過多年的努力和堅定的決心，邁克于2003年完成了學位，并在這所小學找到了一份教學工作。A.determination決心；B.appreciation感激；C.suffering遭受痛苦；D.impression印象。根據(jù)下文“Mikefinishedhisdegreein2003”可知，邁克完成了學位，所以他應該是需要付出很多的努力和決心。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：見第6題詳解。A.rejected拒絕；B.obtained獲得；C.offered提供；D.reformed改革。根據(jù)上文“Mikefinishedhisdegreein2003”可知，邁克完成了學位，所以他會獲得學校的工作。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：從那時起，他就成了學校里一個固定的人物。A.candidate候選人；B.reporter記者；C.figure人物；D.cyclist騎自行車的人。根據(jù)上文“Mikefinishedhisdegreein2003and____7____ateachingjobattheelementaryschool.”可知，邁克完成了學位并獲得了在學校教學的工作，所以他應該是學校的固定人物了。故選C?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對他來說，重要是，學生們在成長過程中不僅要記住課程，還要記住老師給他們的感受。A.sufferings遭受痛苦；B.classmates同班同學；C.pleasures快樂；D.lessons課程。根據(jù)上文“thestudentsgrowupnotjustrememberingthe”可知，學生上學要記住的最根本的是課程。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：邁克很興奮能在學校教孩子們，并準備教五年級的學生。A.prepared準備；B.guided引導；C.pressed壓；D.depressed使沮喪。根據(jù)下文“toteachthefifthgrade.”可知，這是邁克接下來準備要做的事情。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在學年開始前一周，當董事們邀請他擔任校長時，他感到震驚。A.role角色；B.desire渴望；C.concern關心；D.behavior行為。根據(jù)下文“ofprincipal”可知，這里指校長這個角色。故選A。【32題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“我真的很感激。我沒有做任何特別的事情。我只是出現(xiàn)并盡我最大的努力，”邁克說。A.despairingly絕望地；B.truly真地；C.nearly幾乎；D.exactly準確地。根據(jù)下文“grateful”可知，這里是強調真的很感激。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：見第12題詳解。A.letin允許進入；B.getout出去；C.setaside放一邊；D.showup出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文“andtrymybest,”可知，這里指邁克認為他只是出現(xiàn)在學校并且盡力做了他應該做的事情。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他也很興奮能夠接受成為學校新領導的挑戰(zhàn)，承擔新的責任，幫助改善學校。A.operator操作者；B.visitor記者；C.leader領導者；D.performer表演者。根據(jù)上文“whenthedirectorsofferedhimthe____11____ofprincipal”可知，這里指他做學校校長這個領導者職務。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：見第14題詳解。A.rebuild重建；B.search研究；C.attain獲得；D.improve改善。根據(jù)上文“assumenewresponsibilitiesandhelp”可知，邁克作為新校長，他要承擔新的責任，并且?guī)椭纳茖W校狀況。故選D。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式.Whenwasthelasttimeyoublewtoohigh___36___aswingandlostyourstomach,orburstoutlaughingsohardthatyoustartcrying?Alotofusmaybestillrecoveringfromantisocialhabits___37___(form)inthetoughtime.Andsofar,someeventsoutofourcontrol___38___(have)abadeffectonourhealth.Lastfall,76%ofadultssurveyedbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociationsaidstressfrompolitics.racerelationsandviolencehadaffectedtheirhealth.Theyreported___39___(experience)headaches,depression,nervousnessandexhaustion.But___40___(solution)maybehidinginplainsight.Tworecentbooksarguethatmakingroomformorefuninyourlifecouldcounteract(抵消)boththestressandthetendency___41___(escape)itbyzoningoutonline.InabookpublishedinJanuary,psychologistMiketruckermakesthecasethatpursuitoffunexperiencesmaybeevenmorevaluablethanseekingthesometimesabstractgoalofhappiness.InRucker’sopinion,happinessis___42___stateofmind.Butfunissomethingwecandofor___43___(we).Itdoesn’trequireeducation,moneyorpower.Allitrequiresisintentionality.We___44___(actual)ignoretheimportanceoffun.Wearesocasualandcarelessabout____45____weusethingsaroundustomakeusfun,butitisimportantforourhappinessandhealth.【答案】36.on37.formed38.havehad##havebeenhaving39.experiencing40.solutions41.toescape42.a43.ourselves44.actually45.how【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章說明了現(xiàn)如今人們壓力過大的不良情況以及解決辦法，從而強調樂趣對于我們的重要性?！?6題詳解】考查介詞。句意：你上次因為在秋千上蕩得太高而嚇破了膽，或者大笑到哭泣是什么時候？分析句子可知，swing是名詞意為“秋千”，設空處想要表達在秋千上面，因此，需填介詞與其搭配。故填on?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：我們中的大部分人可能仍正從在困難時期形成的反社會習慣中恢復。分析句子可知，設空處用非謂語動詞作后置定語，habits和form構成邏輯上的被動關系，所以此處要用該詞的過去分詞形式。故填formed?！?8題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，一些我們無法控制的事情對我們的健康產(chǎn)生了很壞影響。分析句子可知，設空處需填動詞作謂語，而且本句中的sofar作為時間狀語意為“截止到目前為止”，因此設空處需填現(xiàn)在完成時或現(xiàn)在完成進行時來與時間段搭配，表示該動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或強調對未來仍有影響。故填havehad/havebeenhaving?！?9題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他們報告說有過頭痛、抑郁、緊張和疲憊的經(jīng)歷。分析句子可知，本句中reported為動詞，因此設空處需用動名詞作賓語。故填experiencing?！?0題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但是解決辦法可能就在藏在眾目睽睽之下。分析句子可知，本句話中缺少主語，因此設空處需填名詞，而solution意為“解決辦法”，是可數(shù)名詞，所以此處要用其復數(shù)形式。故填solutions?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：最近的兩本書表明，為你的生活騰出更多空間去尋樂可以通過上網(wǎng)去抵消壓力和逃避壓力的傾向。分析句子可知，設空處需填非謂語動詞，而且thetendencytodo意為“做某事的傾向”，是固定搭配。故填toescape。42題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：在Rucker的觀念看來，幸福是一種精神狀態(tài)。分析句子可知，state是以輔音音素開頭的名詞，意為“狀態(tài)