六年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語素材語法知識(shí) 全國通用

/小學(xué)英語語法知識(shí)英語動(dòng)詞4種時(shí)態(tài)：

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用,如：often〔經(jīng)?！?usually〔通常,一般〕,sometimes〔有時(shí)〕,always〔總是,一直〕,never〔從不〕,表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,表示現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài),表示普遍真理。用動(dòng)詞原形表示,第三人稱單數(shù)后,動(dòng)詞要在詞尾加s〔或es,或變y為i再加es〕。如：Ioftengetupat7:00.

Heoftengetsupat7:30.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。用am/is/are加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示,如:Whatareyoudoing?Iamreadingabook.Whatishedoing?Heissinging.

3、一般將來時(shí)：常與表示將來的時(shí)間連用,如：tomorrow,nextweek,nextyear等,表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。用am/is/are加goingto形式表示,如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?I’mgoingtorideahorse.用will加動(dòng)詞原形表示,如：WhatwillyoudonextSunday?Iwillgoshopping.用am/is/are加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示,如：Whatareyoudoingtomorrow?I’mgoingbowling.

4、一般過去時(shí)：經(jīng)常與表示過去的時(shí)間連用,如:yesterday,lastnight等,表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過去式。如：

Whowasfirst?Kenwasfirst.

Wherewereyouyesterday?Iwasathome.

Whatdidyoudoyesterday?Iwenttoschool.

形容詞的比擬級(jí)和最高級(jí)：

1、單音節(jié)詞：比擬級(jí)加er,最高級(jí)加est.如：tall—taller—thetallest,

Heistallerthanhisbrother.Tomisthetallestinhisclass.

2、多音節(jié)詞和局部雙音節(jié)詞：比擬級(jí)加more,最高級(jí)加themost.如：

interestingmoreinterestingthemostinteresting,

Musicisinterestingsubject.P.E.ismoreinterestingthanmusic..

Scienceisthemostinterestingsubject.形容詞變?yōu)楸葦M級(jí)的變化規(guī)那么：〔1〕一般情況下,在形容詞的詞尾直接加er。如:tall—tallershort—shorter.(2)以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞,在詞尾直接加r,如：nice—nicer.late—later(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且結(jié)尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的詞,先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母,再加er.如：big—biggerthin—thinnerfat—fatter(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞,先變y為i,再加er。如：easy—easierheavy—heavierfunny—funnier.〔2〕、局部形容詞比擬級(jí)的不規(guī)那么變化：good—betterwell—betterbad—worsebadly—worsemany—moremuch—morelittle—lessfar—farther動(dòng)詞ing的變化規(guī)律：1〕直接加ing,如：open-opening,clean-cleaning,meet-meeting,sing-singing,study-studying,…2〕去掉詞尾不發(fā)音的e,如：take-taking,close-closing,come-coming,drive-driving,have-having,use-using,write-writing,practice-practicing,…3〕重讀閉音節(jié)的,雙寫最后的字母,加ing,如：sit-sitting,put-putting,begin-beginning,get-getting,swim-swimming,run-running,cut-cutting,become-becoming,…主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞的變化規(guī)律(與名詞變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律相同)：1〕直接加s,如：cook-cooks,come-comes,close-closes,…2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結(jié)尾+es,如:teach-teaches,go-goes,do-does,catch-catches,wash-washes,brush-brushes,miss-misses,…3〕輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,把y改為i,+es,如：fly-flies,worry-worries,carry-carries,…4〕以f或fe結(jié)尾,把f或fe,改為v+es.5〕特殊：have-has,…6〕家庭、親屬和朋友：姓名、年齡、地址、特點(diǎn)與愛好：與你的關(guān)系words:family,grandfather(grandpa/granddad),grandmother(grandma/grandmum),father,mother,brother,sister,uncle,aunt,cousin,friend相關(guān)句型:1)Ishe/sheTom’scousin?Yes,he/sheis.No,he/sheisn’t.2)Who’she/she?He’s/She’smyfriend.3)Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Whoarethey?Therearefour,myfather,mymother,mybrotherandme.注意：1〕名詞單復(fù)數(shù),如：family-families;名詞單數(shù)--復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)律:〔1〕1〕直接加s,如：boy-boys,term-terms,2)以o,x,s,sh,ch結(jié)尾+es,如:box-boxes,class-classes,glass-glasses,coach-coaches,dress-dresses,fax-faxes,inch-inches,match-matches,3〕輔音字母加y結(jié)尾,把y改為i,+es,如：baby-babies,lady-ladies,factory-factories,peach-peaches,library-libraries,watch-watches,4〕以f或fe結(jié)尾,把f或fe,改為v+es:leaf-leaves,knife-knives,wife-wives,shelf-shelves,…5〕特殊:man-men,policeman-policemen,woman-women,child-children,goose-geese,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,6)不變:hair,milk,tea,coffee,water,bread,rice,paper,juice,meat,people,fish,sheep,…〔2〕名詞所有格,說明是“誰的〞如：mycousin’s,hisparents’它的構(gòu)成規(guī)那么：?jiǎn)螖?shù)名詞后+“’s〞,Mike’smother.復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾有,其后只+“’〞,Teachers’Da教師節(jié).假設(shè)是兩人共有時(shí),只在后者+“’s〞,JimandTom’smother.吉姆和湯姆的母親。不是兩者所共有的,兩者都+“’s〞,Jim’sandTom’smother.吉姆母親和湯姆的母親。名詞假設(shè)是無生命,所有格構(gòu)成用of,amapofChina.一幅中國地圖I一般過去時(shí)態(tài)定義：表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

結(jié)構(gòu)：“主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式〞

用法：

1.表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。

Hewashereyesterday.

Igotupatsevenyesterdaymorning.

Mymotherwasatworkyesterdayafternoon.

Didyouhaveagoodtimelastsummer?

2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

Mymotheroftenwenttoworkbytaxilastyear.

WhenIwasastudent,Ioftenlistenedtomusic.

3.常與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)連用的時(shí)間有：一般過去式的用法：

一般過去式表示過去的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。

Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.去年我在那一家工廠工作。

Imethimyesterday.昨天我碰見了他。

IwenttotheTianLongMountainyesterday.昨天我們?nèi)チ颂忑埳健?/p>

一般過去式構(gòu)成：表示一般過去式的動(dòng)詞通常用動(dòng)詞的過去式形式來表示,而動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞原形的根底上變化的。動(dòng)詞的過去式可分為規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞和不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞。4.一般過去時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞:lastyear;lastnightyesterday(+morning,afternoon,evening)in+過去時(shí)間詞:in2019…II過去式規(guī)那么變化〔a〕動(dòng)詞詞尾+“ed〞。walk→walked〔走〕need→needed〔需要〕

〔b〕動(dòng)詞詞尾為“e〞時(shí),加“-d〞。live→lived〔住〕like→liked〔喜歡〕

〔c〕動(dòng)詞詞尾為“輔音字母+y〞時(shí),去“y〞加“ied〞,假設(shè)是詞尾為“元音字母+y〞,只加“ed〞。

study→studied〔學(xué)習(xí)〕play→played〔游戲〕〔d〕原形動(dòng)詞詞尾為重讀閉音節(jié)時(shí),先雙寫該輔音字母再+“ed〞stop→stoppedIII過去式規(guī)那么變化(一)不變1.cutcut2.letlet3.putput4readread5．mustmust〔二〕改成ecame2.becomebecame3.beginbegan4.drinkdrank5.havehad6.runran7.sitsat8.ringrang9.singsang10.swimswam11.givegave〔三〕改成ght1.thinkthought2.fightfought3.bringbrought4.buybought5.catchcaught6.teachtaught〔三〕改成t1.keepkept2.sleepslept3.sweepswept4.feelfelt5.spendspent6.learnlearnt7.meanmeant〔四〕改成ew1.blowblew2.knowknew3.growgrew4.drawdrew

5.throwthrew6.flyflew

〔五〕改成o1.getgot2.forgetforgot3.writewrote4.riderode5.drivedrove6.sellsold7.telltold8.standstood9.understandunderstood10.speakspoke11.hearheard12.taketook

(六)其他形式1.makemade2.hearheard3.eatate4.meanmeant5.saysaid6.findfound7.meetmet8.seesaw9.cancould10.shallshould11.willwould12.maymight

13.gowent14.seesaw15.wearwore時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間標(biāo)志口訣集錦1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：“總經(jīng)常有每沒〔美眉^^〕復(fù)星周〞

總：always,usually等

經(jīng)常：often

有：sometimes〔記住,“有〞不是have,而是“有時(shí)〞〕

每：everyweek/month/year等

沒：never

復(fù)星周：onMondays,onTuesdays等

2.一般過去時(shí)：“昨天上個(gè)XX〔讀作叉叉〕前,in加年份when字連〞〔原創(chuàng)〕

昨天：yesterday,后面可以加morning,afternoon,evening等

上個(gè)：last,后面可以加week,month,year等

XX前：ago,前面可以加threeweeks/months/yearsago

in加年份：in2009/2019/1986/1220等