初中英語(yǔ)仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理

PAGE頁(yè)碼頁(yè)碼/NUMPAGES總頁(yè)數(shù)總頁(yè)數(shù)初中英語(yǔ)仁愛(ài)版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic1Areyougoingtoplaybasketball?SectionA1．WearegoingtohaveabasketballgameagainstClassThree．a(chǎn)gainst表示“對(duì)著：反對(duì)；靠著”2．cheersb．on為……加油；鼓勁3．win和beat都可表示“贏”；但用法不同。(1)win(won；won)一般后接比賽；獎(jiǎng)品或獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)作賓語(yǔ)；也可作不及物動(dòng)詞；表示“贏”的結(jié)果。(2)beat(beat；beaten)擊敗、戰(zhàn)勝；一般接對(duì)手作賓語(yǔ)；還可譯為“心臟跳動(dòng)”或“擊打”。agameateamwin+事物awarbeat+對(duì)手anationaprizeanapponent(對(duì)手)4．prefer寧愿；更喜歡(1)preferdoingsth．todoingsth．跟做某事比較起來(lái)更喜歡做某事prefersb．／sth．tosb.／sth．跟某人／某物比較起來(lái)更喜歡人／某物(2)prefertodosth．(rather)thandosth．跟做某事比較起來(lái)更喜歡做某事(3)prefertodosth．更喜歡做某事5．join／takepartin(1)join參加某個(gè)政黨；團(tuán)體；組織等；成為其中的一員(2)joinsb．(indoingsth．)和某人一起(做某事)(3)joinin=takepart；in參加某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)SectionB1．playforateam為某隊(duì)效力bein／ontheteam在某隊(duì)打球2．dream作名詞；“夢(mèng)；夢(mèng)想”。e．g．mydreamjob也可作動(dòng)詞dreamof／aboutsth.／doingsth．3．“oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞的復(fù)數(shù)”意思是“最……之一”。4．breaktherecord打破記錄5．inthe2008BeijingOlympics在2008年北京奧運(yùn)會(huì)中。“在……比賽中”用ine．g．intherace／inthebasketballgame6．giveup放棄。注意應(yīng)該把介詞放在中間。e．g．giveitup；giveupdoingsth．放棄做某事。7．WhataShame=Whatapity真遺憾!SectionC1．spend／cost／pay／take(1)spend作“花費(fèi)”之意時(shí)；指花費(fèi)時(shí)間／精力／財(cái)力在某事或某物上；主語(yǔ)是人。(2)cost主要指花費(fèi)金錢／時(shí)間／勞力／精力等。主語(yǔ)是某物或某事。其結(jié)構(gòu)是sth．costssb…．(3)paysb；酬謝某人；pay…for…可等同于spend…on…；或用cost作同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。(4)take一般指花費(fèi)時(shí)間；其主語(yǔ)是名詞或動(dòng)名詞；經(jīng)常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。2．doexercise=playsports做運(yùn)動(dòng)；鍛煉3．Therebe句型的將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為Thereis／aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出現(xiàn)表示“有”的have和has。4．thehighjump跳高thelongjump跳遠(yuǎn)5．Sure(1)besurethat+從句e．g．Iamsurethatheisright．(2)sb．besuretodosth．某人一定會(huì)做某事。強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣。(3)besureof／aboutsth．／doingsth．“確信”；表示主語(yǔ)對(duì)……有把握。(4)用在祈使句里Besure(not)todosth．一定(不)做某事e．g．y．6．make的用法。(1)makesb．dosth．使某人做某事。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要還原to。(2)“makesb．／sth．+形容詞”使某人或某物處于某種狀態(tài)。(3)makesth．forsb．—makesb．sth．為某人制作……7．begoodfor“對(duì)……有益”；反義詞組是bebadfor“對(duì)……有害”。8．keephealthy=keepfit保持健康SectionD1．playagainst跟……進(jìn)行比賽playwith／playagainst／playforplaywith玩耍；游戲；玩樂(lè)；與……玩耍。playagainst同……比賽。playfor為……效力。2．leave…for…離開(kāi)某地去某地leavefor=setofffor出發(fā)去某地．3．一般將來(lái)時(shí)(1)含義：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或是存在的狀態(tài)；也表示將來(lái)經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；如：tomorrow；soon；lateron；nexttime(week；month；year；Sunday…)等。(2)結(jié)構(gòu)為begoingtodosth．或willdosth．。Therebe句型的將來(lái)時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)為Thereis／aregoingtobe或Therewillbe。注意在Therebe句型中不能出現(xiàn)表示“有”的have／has。(3)表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞e；leave；fly；start等可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的事。其中g(shù)o和e一定要用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)?！纠?9】(10年河北中考)Thisterm________over．s．A．isB．wasC．hasbeenD．willbe【例20】(10年重慶中考)Ifyou___________tothe2010ShanghaiExponextweek；Iwillgowithyou．A．goB．hasgoneC．willgoD．a(chǎn)regoing【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic2Wouldyoumindpassingmesomewater?SectionA1．would／could／willyou(please)dosth．“請(qǐng)你做……好嗎?”表示委婉請(qǐng)求對(duì)方做某事；否定結(jié)構(gòu)是would／could／willyou(please)notdosth．。e．g．Wouldyoupleasenotplaythepianoloudly?2．fallill“生病”；beill“生病的”；強(qiáng)調(diào)一種狀態(tài)。feelill“感覺(jué)不舒服”；強(qiáng)調(diào)一種身體感受。falldown摔倒；跌倒。3．mind的用法(1)作動(dòng)詞；表示“介意”；常用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。其結(jié)構(gòu)是mindsb．／sth．／doingsth．對(duì)wouldyoumindsb．／sb．'sdoingsth．及“wouldyoumindif+從句”的回答；如果是表達(dá)“會(huì)介意”；可用Yes；you'dbetternot．／IamsorrybutIdo．如果表達(dá)“不會(huì)介意”；可用No；notatall．／Nevermind．／Itdoesn'tmatter．／No；ofcoursenot．(2)用于提出建議。Wouldyouminddoingsth．／wouldyoumindnotdoingsth?對(duì)Wouldyouminddoingsth．的回答可以用Ofcoursenot；Iwilldoitrightaway．／Sorry．Iwilldoitrightaway．對(duì)wouldyoumindnotdoingsth．的回答可以用Sorry；Iwon'tdoitagain．／I'msorryaboutthat．(4)作名詞；“思想”。setone'smindtodosth．／onsth．專注于做某事4．beglad／happytodosth．樂(lè)意做某事5．practicesth．／doingsth．練習(xí)做某事SectionB1．bealwaysdoingsth．老是……；含有抱怨的感情色彩。2．careless形容詞；反義詞是careful。carelessly副詞；反義詞是carefully．3．chance機(jī)會(huì)haveachancetodosth．有機(jī)會(huì)做某事getachancetodosth．得到一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)做某事4．Whatdoyoumeanbysth．／doingsth．?=What'sthemeaningofsth．／doingsth．?5．shoutatsb．朝某人喊叫；含有生氣或氣憤的感情。shouttosb．朝某人喊叫；只是為了使對(duì)方聽(tīng)到；沒(méi)有感情色彩。6．fightwithsb．=haveafightwithsb．與某人打架7．beangrywithsb．意為“生某人的氣”；如：【鏈接】(1)beangryat對(duì)某人的言行感到氣憤；(2)beangryaboutsth.對(duì)某事感到生氣；如：8．doone'sbesttodosth．=trytodosth．盡力做某事9．saysorry／hello／goodbyetosb．向某人道歉／問(wèn)候；／道10．be／feelsorryfor／todo為……而抱歉(難過(guò))11．keep的用法(1)keepsb．doingsth．使某人一直做某事(2)“keepsb．／sth．+賓補(bǔ)+adj．”使某人／某物處于某種狀態(tài)(3)“keepsb．／sth．+賓補(bǔ)+adv．”使某人／某物處于某種狀態(tài)(4)keepdoingsth．繼續(xù)不斷做某事e．(5)“keep+表語(yǔ)”；表示保持／繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài))e．g．keepfit／healthy(6)贍養(yǎng)e．g．Myfatherkeepsabigfamily．(7)保存；保留e．g．HowlongcanIkeepthebook?12．turndown調(diào)低音量turnup調(diào)高音量turnon打開(kāi)turnoff關(guān)上注意代詞都要放在中間?！痉治霰容^】turnon“打開(kāi)(水龍頭、電視、收音機(jī)、燈、煤氣等)”turnoff“關(guān)掉(水龍頭、電視、收音機(jī)、燈、煤氣等)”。turnup“開(kāi)大；調(diào)高”。turndown“減少；關(guān)小”13．inaminute／rightaway／atonce立刻；馬上14．對(duì)sorry的回答可以是That'sOK(allright)．／Itdoesn'tmatter．／Nevermind．／NotatallSectionC1．lovedoing／todosth．喜歡做某事2．exciting／excitedexciting指使人感到興奮的事excited是指人對(duì)……感到興奮3．a(chǎn)swell／too／also／either／so／neither(1)too／aswell表示“也”；一般放在句末；且前用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)；常用于肯定句。e．g．Tomisastudent；Jackisastudent；too／aswell．(2)also表示“也”；用于肯定句中；放在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前。(3)在否定句中；都要改為either。(4)so表示“也”時(shí)；用在倒裝句中；表示肯定；其結(jié)構(gòu)是“so+be動(dòng)詞／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。e．g．Katewentshoppingyesterday；Tomwentshopping；too／aswell(sodidTom)．(5)neither表示“也”時(shí)；用在倒裝句中；表示否定；其結(jié)構(gòu)是“neither+be動(dòng)詞／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”。e．g。Katedidn'tgoshoppingyesterday；Tomdidn'tgoshopping；either(NeitherdidTom)．4．sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句；含義是“以便；目的是；為了”。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用may；can；should；could等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示目的狀語(yǔ)；相當(dāng)于inorderthat；可以改成inordertodo句型。e．g．Let'stakethefrontseatssothat／inorderthatwemayseemoreclearly．=Let'stakethefrontseatsinordertoseemoreclearly．6．other／others／another／theother／theothersother作形容詞；指“其他的；別的”。e．g．otherstudentsothers(1)別人e．g．Youmustbepolitetoothers．(2)“其他的人或物”；指在一個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；除去一部分后剩余的部分；而不是全部；一般出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)some…others中。e.g．Therearemanystudentsintheclassroom；somearereading；somearewriting；othersaretalking．a(chǎn)nother(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一個(gè)；再一個(gè)”。不確定數(shù)量中的另外一個(gè)。Jackhasboughtanotherpen．(2)別的；不同的。Idon'tlikethisshirt．Pleaseshowmeanotherone．(3)another+數(shù)詞+名詞一數(shù)詞+more+名詞?！霸俣嘁恍?；在原來(lái)的基礎(chǔ)上再加一些。one…theother兩者之間一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……SectionD1．連接時(shí)間的介詞用法(1)ago“多久之前”；用過(guò)去式。結(jié)構(gòu)是“段時(shí)間+ago”e．g．twodaysago(2)“before+點(diǎn)時(shí)間”；表示“在幾點(diǎn)前”；可用過(guò)去時(shí)、將來(lái)時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e．g．Theywillbeherebefore7：00。(3)“in+段時(shí)間”；指“多久之后”；用將來(lái)時(shí)。e．g．WewillgettoBeijinginthreedays．(4)“after+點(diǎn)時(shí)問(wèn)”；在幾點(diǎn)之后；可用過(guò)去時(shí)；將來(lái)時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e．g．Weoftenplayfootballafter5：00intheafternoon．“after+段時(shí)間”；表示“多久之后”；只能用于過(guò)去式。e．g．Hecamebackafterfourdays．2．instead副詞；“代替。而。相反”；單獨(dú)使用時(shí)放句末。insteadofsth．／doingsth.取代／而不是……3．buildsb．up使某人更強(qiáng)壯4．havefundoingsth．做某事很愉快(1)havefun=enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime玩得開(kāi)心；過(guò)得快樂(lè)(2)havefunwithab.與某人共度快樂(lè)時(shí)光(3)Havefun／Enjoyyourself／Haveagoodtime等可以作為對(duì)別人出行前得祝福。Topic3Whichsportwillyoutakepartin?SectionA1．thesportsmeet／meeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)theboys'800一meterrace男子800米賽跑thelongjump跳遠(yuǎn)thehighjump跳高therelayrace接力賽跑2．It'sthe／one'sfirst／second／…timetodosth．3．makefriendswithsb．與某人交朋友。注意friends要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。4．bereadyforsth．為某事而準(zhǔn)備。5．maybe／maybemaybe=perhaps副詞；“也許；大概”。e．g．Maybeheisatthebusstationnow．maybe是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形be；SectionBl.打電話問(wèn)對(duì)方是某人時(shí)；可以問(wèn)Isthat…(speaking)?回答可以是Yes；who'sthat?／Speaking．問(wèn)對(duì)方是誰(shuí)時(shí)用Whoisthat?告訴對(duì)方自己是誰(shuí)時(shí)；應(yīng)該說(shuō)Thisis…(speaking)。找人接電話時(shí)；應(yīng)該說(shuō)Hello；mayIspeaktosb．?回答時(shí)如果是本人接的電話；可以直接說(shuō)speaking。2．Let'smakeithalfpastsix．讓我們定在六點(diǎn)半吧。makeit(1)指約定時(shí)間e．g．Let'smakeitat6：30．(2)辦成；做到(打算或希望做的事)3．pass動(dòng)詞；“傳遞”。passsb．sth．=passsth．tosb．把某物傳給某人。e．g．Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook?“經(jīng)過(guò)”。e．g．Shewasthefirstonetopassthefinishingline．passby…“經(jīng)過(guò)(某地)”。past可作副詞或介詞；“在……旁經(jīng)過(guò)”。e．g．Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtotalkwithme．【例6】(09年新疆中考)—Didyouseetheaccidentyesterday?—Yes．IthappenedwhenIthemuseum．A．walkedpassB．waswalkingpastC．walkpastD．waswalkingpass【例7】Weneed_______________________(再加兩個(gè)人)todothework．4．congratulations．祝賀你。當(dāng)別人取得成績(jī)、榮譽(yù)時(shí)；我們可以對(duì)他說(shuō)：Congratulations!【例8】(10年廣東中考)—Yesterday1wonthefirstplaceinthe100-meterrace．—Really?________!A．CongratulationsB．NevermindC．That'sallrightD．I'msorrytohearthat5．takephotos／pictures照相e．g．Look；lotsofstudentsaretakingphotosofthebeautifulflowers．【例9】(10年蘭州中考)—whatareonshowinthemuseum?—Somephotos________bythechildrenofYushu；Qinghai．A．havebeentakenB．weretakenC．a(chǎn)retakenD．takenSectionC1．hold／haveasportsmeet舉行運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)2．begoodatsth／doingsth．=dowellinsth／doingsth．擅長(zhǎng)(做)某事dobadlyinsth．／doingsth．在某方面做得糟糕【例10】Hisfatherisgoodatmakingmodelplanes．(同義句改寫)Hisfather____________________________modelplanes．3．encouragesb．todosth．鼓勵(lì)某人做某事。【例11】Myfatheroftenencouragesme________(study)hard．4．takeexercise=dosports做運(yùn)動(dòng)。其中exercise是不可數(shù)名詞；意思是“運(yùn)動(dòng)；鍛煉”。它也可以做可數(shù)名詞；意思是“練習(xí)；體操”。e．g．domorningexercises做早操【例12】(10年陜西中考)—whatdoyouthinkofthe________?—Ithinktheyaregoodforoureyes．Weshoulddothemoften．A．eyesexerciseB．eyeexerciseC．eyeexercises5．beableto和can(1)表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的能力時(shí)兩者相同。e.g.Icouldrideabikeattheageof8.=Iwasabletorideabikeattheageof8.我八歲時(shí)就會(huì)騎自行車了。(2)beableto有人稱時(shí)態(tài)及數(shù)的變化；而can只有過(guò)去式could.e.g.Wewillbeabletomakeitin2010.到2010年我們就可以做到了。(3)表示請(qǐng)求、允許及否定判斷時(shí)；只能用can。e.g.Theboycan’tbeMike；heleftforParisyesterday.那個(gè)男孩不可能是Mike.；他昨天去巴黎了?！纠?3】Jack'sfather______________________(能)swimwhenhewasfiveyearsold．【例】—CouldIuseyourdictionary?—Yes；you__________.A．canB．couldC．needD．should6．dosth．forthefirst／second／…time．第一／二／……次做某事e．g．Wetookpartintheschoolsportsmeetforthesecondtimelastyear．【例14】ChinatookpartintheOlympicsthefirsttimein1951．A．a(chǎn)tB．forC．toD．on7．more“更多……”；后可接可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。反義詞是less；“更少”；接不可數(shù)名詞。fewer“更少”；接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)?！纠?5】(10年黃岡中考)—What'sthelow-carbonlifestylelike?—Save_______energy；produce_______carbon．A．more；moreB．less；moreC．less；lessD．more；lessSectionD1．standfor代表e．g．RedstandsforgoodluckinChina．【例16】(08年龍巖中考)TheTangcostume_______________(代表)Chinesehistoryandfashionculture．2．a(chǎn)tleast=aslittleas至少；反義詞是atmost=asmuchas至多?！纠?7】Thispairofshoescosts________________(至少)200yuan．【例18】(10年成都中考)ThefoodIcookisn'tdelicious；but_______Icanlookaftermyself．A．a(chǎn)tfirstB．a(chǎn)tlastC．a(chǎn)tleast【習(xí)題精練】Ⅱ．單項(xiàng)選擇1．(10年杭州中考)—Wouldyouliketohave_______chicken?—No；thanks．It'sdelicious；butI'vehadenough．A．someotherB．somemoreC．a(chǎn)nothersome2．(10年長(zhǎng)沙中考)Iamsureyouwill________yourclassmatesifyouarekindandfriendlytothem．A．catchupwithB．a(chǎn)greewithC．getonbadlywithD．makefriendswith3．(10年安徽中考)—ItseemsthatAliceneverwantstodoanythingexceptdrawpictures．—Right．That'swhatshelikestodo________．A．moreB．lestC．mostD．least4．(10年十堰中考)—WhereisJeff?—I'mnotsure．He______playingfootballontheplayground．A．maybeB．maybeC．canbeD．mustbe5．(10年安徽中考)Bobpromisesto________thefootballmatchunlesshehastohelphisparentsonthefarm．A．joinB．joininC．takepartto6．(10年山西中考)—Englishisdifficultforme．HowcanIimproveit?—Don'tloseyourconfidence．Ibelieveyouwill______itifyoukeeptrying．A．takeB．workC．pickD．make7．(09年山西中考)—Isitpolitetospeakandlaughloudly_____?—No；Idon'tthinkso．A.inpublicB．a(chǎn)tleastC．ontime8．(09年新疆中考)—Didyouwatchthebasketballmatchyesterday?—Yes；Wewereall______aboutthe________match．A．exciting；excitedB．exciting；excitingC．excited；excitedD．excited；exciting9．(09年廣州中考)Haveyou_________yournewclassmatesyet?A．hadfriendswithB．madefriendwithC．gotfriendtoD．madefriendswith10．(09年寧德中考)Icalledyouyesterday；butnobody________thephone．A．checkedB．repairedC．a(chǎn)nswered11．(09年天門中考)—whydoyoulikethatscarfsomuch?—BecauseIthinkitcan__________megoodluck．A．fetchB．bringC．passD．take12．(09年濰坊中考)LiuQian；asalittleboy；wasso_________hisownmagicworldthatheseldomwentouttoplaywithotherchildren．A．goodatB．madaboutC．popularwithD．a(chǎn)fraidof13．(09年福州中考)—WewillbuildasubwayinFuzhoubefore2014．—Wow；________!Willitpassourplace?A．whatanexcitednewsB．howexcitedthenewsisC．whatexcitingnewsD．howexcitingnews14．(08年南通中考)—Hello!MayIspeaktoMr．Smith?—__________；please．Heisansweringanothercallrightnow．A．GoonB．C．KeeponD．Holdon15．(07年廈門中考)Doctorsoftensuggest；“________vegetablesandmeatcanhelpyoukeepfit”．A．More；lessB．Few；muchC．Fewer；moreUnit2KeepingHealthy【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic1You'dbettergotoseeadoctorSectionA1．what'swrongwithsb．／sth．=what’sthematterwithsb．／sth．2．haveacold患感冒；have后可跟表示疾病的詞語(yǔ)。用來(lái)表示“患……疾病”。e．g．haveaheadache／theflu【例1】Youlooksopaleonyourface；doyou___________________(患感冒)?3．should／shouldn't情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“應(yīng)該／不應(yīng)該”e．g．ShouldIdosth．?Yes；youshould．／No；youshouldn't．／No；youneedn't．【例2】(10年江西中考)—Howwastheyouthclublastnight；Mark?—Itwasgreatfun．e．A．mustB．canC．shouldD．may以下是我們所學(xué)過(guò)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：(1)can能／會(huì)；can't不能／不允許；過(guò)去式could；couldn't。e．g．CanIdosth．?Yes；youcan／No；youcan't．(2)need“需要”；作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)無(wú)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化；多用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中。e．g．NeedIdosth．?Yes；youmust／haveto．No；youneedn't／don'thaveto．(3)must必須；mustn’t表示“禁止”。e．g．MustIdosth．?Yes；youmust．No；youneedn't／don'thaveto．(4)may“可以／能夠”；無(wú)否定形式。MayIdosth．?Yes；youmay／can．No；youcan't．【例3】(10年福州中考)—Dad；mustIdomyhomeworknow?—No．You________playgameswithyourfriendsforalittlewhile．A．wouldB．needn'tC．may4．takea(good)rest／havea(good)rest(好好)休息【例4】Afterawholeday'swork；wewantto____________________(休息一下)．5．英語(yǔ)中表示疾病的名詞或詞組大多可以采取“身體部位名詞+ache”或“sore+身體部位名詞”來(lái)表達(dá)。e．g．head—headachestomach—stomachacheback—backachetooth—toothacheear—earacheknee—sorekneethroat—sorethroateye—soreeyefoot—sorefoot【例5】(09年潛江中考)—hehavea________．Ican'teatanything．—Maybeyoushouldseeadentist．A．coldB．feverC．headacheD．toothache6．Plentyof意思是“大量的”；既可修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。一般用在肯定句中；否定句或疑問(wèn)句中改為enough或many(much)。e．g．Thereisplentyoftimeleft．Isthereenoughtimeleft?【例6】(10年山西中考)Theyhave______timetodothat；butwedon'thave________moneyforit．A．plentyof；someB．1ittle；fewC．plentyof；enoughD．a(chǎn)lotof；lotsof【考點(diǎn)鏈接】alotof／plentyof／anumberof(1)Thereare________peopleintheparkonSundays．(2)Youshoulddrink________water；andhaveagoodrest．【分析比較】alotof：lotsof表示“大量的；許多”。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。plentyof與alotof同義；既可修飾可數(shù)名詞也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。anumberof表示“許多；大量的”；修飾可數(shù)名詞。故(1)三者都可以用。而(2)填alotof和plentyof都可以。7．boiledwater開(kāi)水boilingwater在開(kāi)的水【例7】—Isthereany________(開(kāi)水)inthepot?—No；thereisn't．SectionB1．我們所學(xué)過(guò)的系動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ook；seem；feel；sound；get；be；smell；touch等；他們后面都可以接形容詞作表語(yǔ)；構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。e．g．feelhappy；soundgreat；smellterrible而實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后面是用副詞去修飾。e．g．singhappily；stepquietly．【例8】(10年漳州中考)—Themeat_________delicious．Ican'twaittoeatit．A．smellsB．tastesC．sounds2．hadbetter(not)dosth．最好(不要)做某事【例9】(07年泉州中考)—Myfatherdranktoomuchlastnight；hefeelssicknow．—He'dbetter________somuch．It'sbadforhishealth．A．nottodrinkB．drinkingC．notdrink3．take(1)“吃／喝”；有時(shí)可以用have替換。e．g．takesomefood／takeacupoftea(2)服(藥)takesomemedicine(3)“takesth．／sb．to+地點(diǎn)”把某物／某人帶到某地去；而bring是帶到說(shuō)話的地方來(lái)。e．g．I'lltakemydaughtertothezoothisSunday．(4)乘／搭(交通工具)e．g．Youshouldtakeabustothepark．(5)花費(fèi)(時(shí)間；勞力)常用于句型：Ittakessb．sometimetodosth．e．g．Ittakesusonehourtodoourhomeworkeveryday．(6)買。e．g．Iwilltakeit．(7)“做”；和名詞連用；表示與該名詞意義相關(guān)的動(dòng)作。e．g．takeawalk／takephotos【例10】(10年雞西中考)—Howlongdoesittakeyourfather________toworkeveryday．—Abouthalfanhour．A．drivesB．drivingC．todrive4．feellikesth．／doingsth．=wouldlikesth．／todosth．=wantsth．／todosth．想要某東西／做某事e．g．Hedidn'tfeellikegoingtoschool．【例11】Katedidn'tfeellike________(eat)becausehewasnotwell．5．dayandnight日日夜夜地e．g．Theyworkdayandnight．6．toomany“太多”；接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。toomuch“太多”；接不可數(shù)名詞。Muchtoo“太……”；接形容詞或副詞?！纠?2】(08年青島中考)Thesedayschildrenatschoolareunder_______pressurethattheydon'thaveenoughtimetoplayorexercise．A．muchtooB．toomuchC．somanyD．toomany【考點(diǎn)鏈接】toomuch／muchto／toomany(1)Thereave_______mistakesinthepassage．(2)Eating______candyisbadforyourteeth．(3)Theproblemis_______easyforthem．【分析比較】toomany“太多”；用于修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)。(1)題意為“這篇文章里有太多錯(cuò)誤”。mistakes是名詞復(fù)數(shù)；故填toomany。toomuch修飾不可數(shù)名詞。candy在此作不可數(shù)名詞。故(2)填toomuch。muchtoo“太……”；常用于修飾副詞或形容詞。(3)題意為“這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)于他們來(lái)說(shuō)太簡(jiǎn)單了”；easy是形容詞；故填muchtoo。SectionC1．hurtvt．使疼痛／損傷e．g．Mikehurthislegbadlywhenhefell．vi．疼痛e．g．Myheadhurtstoday；Iwon'tgotoschool．2．show(1)指“把……給某人看”showsb．sth．=showsth．tosb．e．g．Pleaseshowmeyourphotos．=Pleaseshowyourphotostome．(2)指“說(shuō)明；表明；證明”e．g．Heshowedthatitwastrue．(3)名詞；指“展覽會(huì)”e．g．a(chǎn)carshow【例13】—Willyoupleaseshowyournewpaintingtome?(同意句轉(zhuǎn)換)—Willyouplease________yournewpainting?3．nothingserious“沒(méi)什么嚴(yán)重的”；注意形容詞或不定式修飾不定代詞時(shí)都要后置。【例14】Thereis________intoday’smagazine．A．newsomethingB．nothingnewC．newnothingD．a(chǎn)nythingnew4．checkover“給……做體檢；給……做健康檢查”；代詞要放在中間。5．each和every都表示“每一”；后接單數(shù)名詞。each指兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上中的“每一個(gè)”；可用作形容詞或代詞。而every是指“三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上中的每一個(gè)”。只用作形容詞。不可以說(shuō)everyof。e．g．Everyboywasthereandeachdidhispart．each(1)可用作形容詞；指“各自的；每一的”。e．g．oneachsideofthestreet．(2)用作代詞；指“各自；每一”。【例15】Eachofthemhasanewhat．(同意句改寫)They_______________anewhat．6．Sb.haveanaccident某人發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)事故【例16】(09年福州中考)—Excuseme；couldyoutellme________?—Sorry；sir．Iwasn'tthereatthattime．A．howdidtheaccidenthappenB．howtheaccidenthappenedC．howdoestheaccidenthappenD．howtheaccidenthappens7．a(chǎn)sk(sb.)forsth.“請(qǐng)求、懇求（給予）、征求”；如：Whydon’tyouaskhimforsomeadvice?你為什莫不征求他的意見(jiàn)？Jackisaskingforajob.杰克正在求職?！炬溄印縜skfor…leave請(qǐng)假（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）；此時(shí)；leave在這里是名詞；是“假期、休假”的意思。SectionD1．Thanks／Thankyouforsth．／doingsth．謝謝你……【例17】(08年莆田中考)—Thankyouforthedeliciousfood．—_________．A．Don'tsaythatB．It'snothingC．I'mgladyouenjoyedit2．not…until直到……才e．g．Shedidn'tstoptalkinguntilourteachercame．=Shedidn'tstoptalkingbeforeourteachercame．=Shestoppedtalkingafterourteachercame．【例18】(10年漳州中考)—It'sgettinglate；Imustgonow．—It'srainingheavilyoutside．Don'tleave________itstops．A．a(chǎn)fterB．whenC．until3．worryaboutsth．／sb．=beworriedaboutsth．／sb．擔(dān)心某物或某人4．I'msorrytohearthatbothyouandyoursisteraresick．both…and………和……都；既……又……。當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。both兩者都。all三者或三者以上都。either兩者之一。neither兩者都不。none三者或三者都不。either…or…或者……或者……。neither…nor…既不……也不……。notonly…butalso…不僅……而且……。e．g．IlikebothEnglishandChinese．／Neithermathnormusicinterestsme．其中either…or…；neither…nor…；notonly…butalso…連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)遵循就近原則。e．g．NeitherhenorIamastudent．【例19】Mrs.TurnerhasboughtaCDplayerasapresent；but_______herson_______herdaughterlikesit．A．either；orB．notonly；butalsoC．both；andD．neither；nor【例20】Thoughourmathteachersaidthatwasn’tadifficultproblem；________ofthestudentsinmyclasscouldworkitout．A．bothB．a(chǎn)llC．neitherD．none【習(xí)題精練】Ⅱ．單項(xiàng)選擇1．(10年上海中考)—CanIwearanyclothesIliketoschool．—No；youcan't!You______wearauniform．A．mightB．mustC．whomD．which2．(10年上海中考)Isthisaphotoofyourdaughter?Shelooks_______inthepinkdress．A．lovelyB．quietlyC．politelyD．happily3．(10年蘭州中考)Howmuchdoestheticket_______fromShanghaitoBeijing?A．costB．takeC．spendD．pay4．(10年江西中考)—Doyouknowthewaytothepostoffice?—Yes；followmeandI'll_________you．A．callB．pickC.showD．invite5．(10年上海中考)Wewillhavenowatertodrink________wedon'tprotecttheearth．A．untilB．beforeC．thoughD．if6．(10年南京中考)—I'mveryworriedabouttomorrow'smathstest．IamafraidIcan'tpassthistime．—_______!I'msureyou'llmakeit．A．NoproblemB．Don'tworryC．That'srightD．Don'tmentionit7．(10年三明中考)—whotakeyoutothenewschool；yourdadoryoumom?—__________．Iwenttherealone．A．EitherB．BothC．Neither8．(09年漳州中考)Theyellowcoat________beLinda'sbecausenobodylikesyellowexcepther．A．can’tB．canC．mustn'tD．must9．(09年泉州中考)—whoisplayingthepianointhenextroom?Themusic________sobeautiful!—It'smysister；Kate．A．soundsB．hearsC．listens10．(09年龍巖中考)—CanItakethisseat?—_______．It'sforourteacher；Mr．Li．A．OfcourseB．You'dbetternotC．Yes；please11．(09年廣東中考)Theoldmanisillandhedoesn’tfeellike________．A．toeatsomethingB．toeatanythingC．eatingsomethingD．eatinganything12．(09年莆田中考)—Hishobbyis_____watchingTV______playingthepiano．—It'sreadingbooks．A．either；orB．both；andC．neither；nor13．(09年新疆中考)—How_________themedicinetastes!—Yes．Butthemedicinewillreallyworksoonafteryoutakeit．A．terribleB．deliciousC．sweetD．nice14．(09年廣州中考)Don'tworry．Allthechildren_________bythenurses．A．a(chǎn)rewelltakencareofB．takegoodcareofC．a(chǎn)retakengoodcareofD．takegoodcare15．(08年福州中考)—whatanicemodelship!—Thankyou．It_________methreedaystomake.A．paidB．spentC．tookD．wasted【考點(diǎn)解析】Topic2Imustaskhimtogiveupsmoking．SectionA1．Iamsorrytohearthat．聽(tīng)到這我感到很難過(guò)。這是表示同情的一種說(shuō)法。當(dāng)你聽(tīng)到別人不幸的事情時(shí)；應(yīng)說(shuō)此句用來(lái)表示你的同情?！纠?】—Jim；I’mafraidIcan’tgotoyourpartytonight．Mygrandmaisill.—____________A．I'msorrytohearthatB．That’sallrightC．ShehastostayinbedD．Don’tworry2．onTV／thephone“(通過(guò))電視／電話”；或直接譯成“在電視上／電話上”。【例2】(10年昆明中考)—I'mgoingtobuysomebooks．—Whynotshop________theInternet?It'smuchcheaperandmoreconvenient．A．onB．inC．a(chǎn)tD．with3．Isee．我明白了。此句為口語(yǔ)；在這里see指“明白；理解”之意。e．g．Hisyoungerbrotherdidn'tseethemeaningofthestory．4．stayuplate(doingsth．)熬夜(做某事)【例3】Hisfatheroftenstaysuplate________(watch)soccergames．【例4】Don’t________verylate．YouhavetogetupearlynextmorningA．stayupB．getupC．cutupD．giveup5．haveabadcold=haveaterriblecold患嚴(yán)重感冒【例5】—What'swrongwithyou；youngboy?—I'mfeelingterrible；maybeIhavea_______．A．badlycoldB．muchcoldC．difficultcold6．without介詞；沒(méi)有。withoutsth．／doingsth．反義詞是with【例6】Ican’tpasstheexam________yourhelp．A．withB．withoutC．don’thaveD．nothaveSectionB1．relax放松。relaxsb．／oneself放松某人(某人自己)。e．g．Listeningtomusiccanrelaxyou．relaxed可用作形容詞；“使人感到放松的”。【例7】(10年南充中考)一ourEnglishteacherisalwaysvery_________andmakesusfeel________．A．kind；relaxedB．kind；relaxingC．strict；torelax2．giveup“放棄”；代詞放在中間。e．g．giveitupgiveupdoingsth．放棄做某事【例8】Don’t_________．Workhardandyouwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A．giveupB．putupC．growupD．lookup3．throwabout“亂扔”；代詞放中間?！纠?】Wecan't______________(亂扔)litter．Weshouldkeepourschoolclean．4．litter作動(dòng)詞；意思與throwabout相當(dāng)。e．g．Don'tlitterthegroundwithpaper．作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)；指“垃圾；廢物”。e．g．Youmustn'tthrowaboutlitter．5．enough作形容詞時(shí)修飾名詞；置于名詞的前后均可。如：Doyouhaveenoughmoney?你有足夠的錢嗎？【鏈接】(1)enough作副詞時(shí)；修飾形容詞或副詞；應(yīng)置于所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后；如：Sheisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.=Sheistooyoungtogotoschool.她太小了；還不能上學(xué)。(2)enough作代詞；意為“足夠的東西”；如：Ihaveenoughtodo.我要做的事夠多了?！究谠E】enough一詞的位置；出“名”在前；幸?！埃ㄐ巍薄案薄保┰诤??！纠?0】(10年南充中考)—Doesthechildneedanyhelp?—No．Sheis________todressherself．A．enougholdB．youngenoughC．oldenough6．It's+adj．(for／ofsb．)todosth．(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做某事是……；用for指做這件事情是怎么樣的；e．g．It'sdifficultforhimtogettothebank．用of時(shí)；前面的形容詞是指這個(gè)人的性格特征。It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme．【例11】It'snice________Andy_______mewithmyEnglishstudy．A．a(chǎn)t；tohelpB．of；tohelpC．with；helpD．of；help【例12】(10年沈陽(yáng)中考)Mybrotheristwometresinheight；It'sverydifficulttofindclothesbigenough________him．A．a(chǎn)boutB．a(chǎn)tC．withD．forSectionC1．may有兩種含義；一種表示請(qǐng)求允許；譯成“可以”。e．g．一種表示推測(cè)；譯成“可能”。e．g．Hemaybeagoodteacher．／Shemaygotoworktomorrow．表示推測(cè)；譯成“可能”的還有must／might。must是比較有根據(jù)的推測(cè)；把握性最強(qiáng)。e．g.Thatmustbehisbike．Hisisblack．might表示推測(cè)的把握性比may更弱。e．g．Youmightgetaheadachewhenyouworktoohard．否定句中表示推測(cè)只能用can't。e．g．Themanintheroomcan'tbehim．HehasgonetoBeijing．【例13】(10年三明中考)—Whosejacketisthis?—It_______bewuLei's．Isawhimwearitjustnow．A．can'tB．mustC．may【例14】(10年河南中考)—It'ssuchalongway!WhatshallIdo?—You_______takemycarifyouwant.A．willB．mustC．may2．human的復(fù)數(shù)是humans3．work(1)作名詞時(shí)是不可數(shù)名詞；“工作”。e．g．Wehavemuchworktodotoday．(2)作動(dòng)詞；“上班；工作”。e．g．Sheoftenworkslate．(3)作動(dòng)詞；表示“取得成效”。Ithinkthethoughtwillworkwell．(4)作動(dòng)詞；表示“運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；工作”。e．g．MyTVsetdoesn'twork．【例15】(10年青島中考)Hemayleavenow；becausethereis________workforhimtodo．A．a(chǎn)littleB．someC．noD．a(chǎn)ny4．through／across／cross／pastacross的含義與on有關(guān)；表示某一動(dòng)作是在某一物體的平面上進(jìn)行；其意思是“橫過(guò)”。e．g．Wewalkacrosstheroad．cross=goacrosscross是動(dòng)詞；而across是介詞。through的含義與in有關(guān)；表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在立體空間；是從內(nèi)部穿過(guò)。e．g．Hewalkedthroughtheforest／village．past可作副詞或介詞；“在……旁經(jīng)過(guò)”。e．g．Hehurriedpastmewithoutstoppingtospeak．【考點(diǎn)鏈接】cross／across／through／past(1)Lookbothwaysbeforeyou________theroad．(2)Hewalked_________thefield．(3)Theballwentflying_________thewindow．(4)Studysome________exampapertogetanideaofthequestions．【分析比較】四者都有“經(jīng)過(guò)；通過(guò)”的意思；但詞性和用法不同。cross意為“橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)；越過(guò)；渡過(guò)”；為動(dòng)詞；相當(dāng)于walk(go；run)across；故(1)填cross。across意為“橫過(guò)；穿過(guò)”；為介詞；不作動(dòng)詞；不能作謂語(yǔ)；常放在動(dòng)詞之后；如：goacross；walkacross等。故(2)填across。另外；表示游渡；乘船過(guò)?；蜻^(guò)河時(shí)用across。through是介詞；含有“從……中間穿越”之意；表示四周含有物體的穿越。故(3)填through。試比較：Theroadrunsacrosstheplain．一條路橫過(guò)平原。Theriverflowsthroughthecity．這條河從城市穿過(guò)。past既可作副詞也可作形容詞；作副詞時(shí)有“穿越；經(jīng)過(guò)”之意。如：Willyougopastmyhouseonyourwayhome?你回家的路上會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)我家嗎?作形容詞時(shí)有“以前的；剛過(guò)去的”之意；如：Inthepastyear；Shanechangedjobs3times．在過(guò)去一年里莎恩換了3次工作。故(4)填past。【例16】(10年連云港中考)LiuXiangcamethird________the110-meter-hurdleracelastmonthinShan