英國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料

英國文學(xué)史資料BritishWritersandWorks=1\*ROMANI.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges<Beowulf>貝奧武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:UsingalliterationDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（頭韻）

SomeexamplesonP5Usingmetaphorandunderstatement（保守陳說）Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasGeofferyChaucer杰弗里?喬叟1340(?)~1400(首創(chuàng)“雙韻體”，英國文學(xué)史上首先用倫敦方言寫作。約翰·德萊頓（JohnDryden）稱其為“英國詩歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。)ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(綜合，廣泛)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGowerwritingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.=1\*GB3①<TheCanterburyTales>坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(雙韻體)bymiddleEnglish=2\*GB3②<TroilusandCriseyde>特羅伊拉斯和克萊希德③<TheHouseofFame>聲譽(yù)之宮MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:Romance(傳奇故事)Famousthree：KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulf=2\*ROMANIITheRenaissancePeriodAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Renaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology(占星術(shù))thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansionrediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeareBenJohnson.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙?斯賓塞1552~1599（后人稱之為“詩人詩人”。）Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?(B)A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteriaC.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody

=1\*GB3①

<TheFaerieQueene>仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanza（詩一節(jié)）DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter（五步抑揚(yáng)格）,andlastlineiniambichexameter.=2\*GB3②<TheShepherdsCalendar>牧人日歷Thethemeistolament（悼念）overthelossofRosalind.③<Amoretti>愛情小唱2.

ThomasMore托馬斯?莫爾1478~1535OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists=1\*GB3①<Utopia>烏托邦3.

FrancisBacon弗蘭西斯?培根1561~1626（哲學(xué)家、散文家；在闡述探究知識著作中提出了知識就是力量這一著名論斷；近代唯物主義哲學(xué)奠基人和近代試驗(yàn)科學(xué)先驅(qū)。）Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions（暗示，提及）,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.=1\*GB3①<TheAdvancementofLearning>學(xué)術(shù)推進(jìn)=2\*GB3②<Essays>隨筆(famousquotas:<Ofstudies>)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.4.

BenJonson=1\*GB3①<ComedyofHumours>=2\*GB3②<Volpone,orthefox>狐貍5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗?馬洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了無韻體詩。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestinaC.terzarimaD.blankverse=1\*GB3①<TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus>浮士德博士悲?。ㄒ勒盏聡耖g故事書寫成）=2\*GB3②<Tamburlaine>帖木耳大帝

③<TheJewofMalta>馬耳他猶太人6.

WilliamShakespeare威廉?莎士比亞1564~1616

=1\*GB3①

Historicalplays:HenryVI;HenryIV:RichardIII;HenryV；RichardII；HenryVIII=2\*GB3②FourComedies:<AsYouLikeIt>皆大歡喜;<TwelfthNight>第十二夜;<AMidsummerNight’SDream>仲夏夜之夢;<MerchantOfVenice>威尼斯商人③FourTragedies:<Hamlet>哈姆萊特;<Othello>奧賽羅;<KingLear>李爾王;<Macbeth>麥克白④ShakespeareSonnet:154<TheSonnets>Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefggAsonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.=3\*ROMANIIIThe17thCentury

1.JohnMilton約翰?彌爾頓1608~1674（詩人、政論家;失明后寫《失樂園》、《復(fù)樂園》、《力士參孫》。）=1\*GB3①Epics:

<ParadiseLost>失樂園

<ParadiseRegained>復(fù)樂園

=2\*GB3②Dramaticpoem:

<

SamsonAgonistes>力士參孫=3\*GB3③<Areopagitica>論出版自由<TheDefenceoftheEnglishPeople>為英國人民聲辯④<OnHisBlindness>我失明 Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestwhocanendurethesufferingbest.2.

JohnBunyan約翰?班揚(yáng)1628~1688（代表作《天路歷程》，宗教寓言，被譽(yù)為“具備永恒意義百科全書”，是英國文學(xué)史上里程碑式著作。與但丁《神曲》、奧古斯丁《懺悔錄》并列為世界三大宗教題材文學(xué)杰作。）Puritanpoet(清教徒派詩人)=1\*GB3①ReligionaryAllegory（寓言）:<ThePilgrim’sProgress>天路歷程3.JohnDonnetheMetaphysicalpoet(玄學(xué)派詩人).MetaphysicalPoetry(玄學(xué)詩)：（用語）thediction（用語，措詞）issimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.（主題：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻syllogism三段論=1\*GB3①M(fèi)editations沉思錄TheFlea虱子=2\*GB3②SongsAndSonnetsHolySonnets=3\*GB3③Valediction（告別演說，告別辭）:<ForbiddingMourning>=4\*ROMANIVThe18thCentury：Enlightenment同時為美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭與法國大革命提供了框架，而且造成了資本主義和社會主義興起，與音樂史上巴洛克時期以及藝術(shù)史上新古典主義時期是同一時期。Arevival（復(fù)興）ofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracyTheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)小說崛起：Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說)Gothicnovel(哥特式小說)：mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)1.

AlexanderPope亞歷山大?蒲柏1688~1744（18世紀(jì)英國最偉大詩人，其詩多用“英雄雙韻體”/“heroiccouplets”。詞句工整、精練、富有哲理性。）AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?(C)A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift=1\*GB3①<AnEssayonCriticism>批評論Artisticfeatures:1.Using“heroiccouplets”=2\*GB3②<TheRapeoftheLock>卷發(fā)遇劫記=3\*GB3③<MoralEssays>道德論

<EssayonMan>人論<TheDunciad>愚人記2.

SamuelJohnson塞繆爾?約翰遜1709~1784

=1\*GB3①Dictionary=<ADictionaryofEnglishLanguage>英語大詞典3.JonathanSwift喬納森?斯威夫特1667~1745（十八世紀(jì)出色政論家和諷刺小說家amastersatirist。）

=1\*GB3①<Gulliver’sTravels>格列佛游記(fictionalwork)Fourparts:Lilliput小人國Brobdingnag大人國FlyingIsland飛島Houyhnhnm馬島<AModestProposal>一個小小提議=2\*GB3②<TheBattleofBooks>書戰(zhàn)=3\*GB3③<ATaleofaTub>木桶故事④<TheDrapper’sLetters>一個麻布商書信4.DanielDefoe丹尼爾?笛福1660~1731（小說家，新聞記者，小冊子作者；十八世紀(jì)英國現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說奠基人。）Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular（方言）,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.=1\*GB3①<RobinsonCrusoe>魯賓遜漂流記ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,tempered（磨練）bynumeroustrials（考驗(yàn)）inhiseventfullife.Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.=2\*GB3②<MollFlanders>=3\*GB3③<ColonelJacque>④<Captainsingleton>5.HenryFielding亨利?菲爾丁1707~1754（英國小說家，戲劇家，被譽(yù)為“英國小說之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文體史詩),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.=1\*GB3①novels:<TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling>棄嬰湯姆?瓊斯<TheHistoryoftheAdventuresofJosephAndrews>約瑟夫?安德魯<TheLifeofMrJonathanWild,theGreat>大詩人江奈生?威爾德<Amelia>愛米利亞=2\*GB3②plays:<TheHistoricalRegisterfor1736>一七三六年歷史記事<DonQuixoteinEngland>堂吉柯德在英國6.OliverGoldsmith奧利弗?格爾德斯密斯1730~1774=1\*GB3①poems:

<TheTraveller>旅游人

<TheDesertedVillage>荒村=2\*GB3②novel:

<TheVicarofWakefield>威克菲爾德牧師傳7.

RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德?布林斯利?施萊登1751~1816=1\*GB3①<TheRivals>情敵=2\*GB3②<TheSchoolforScandal>造謠學(xué)校8.WilliamBlake威廉?布萊克1757~1827=1\*GB3①<SongsofInnocence>天真之歌Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.=2\*GB3②<SongsofExperience>經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.Include:

<TheChimneySweeper><London><TheTyger>LambisasymbolofpeaceandpurityTygerisasymbolofdread（恐懼）andoiolence=3\*GB3③

<TheMarriageofHeavenandHell>天堂與地獄婚姻9.RobertBurns羅伯特?彭斯1759~1796ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用蘇格蘭方言寫詩①<JohnAnderson,MyJo>約翰?安德生，我愛人②<ARed,RedRose>一朵紅紅玫瑰③<AuldLongSyne>往昔時光④<AMan’saManforA’That>不論那一套⑤<MyHeart’sintheHighlands>我心在那高原上⑥<BruceAtBannockburn>⑦<TheTreeOfLiberty>=5\*ROMANVTheRomanticPeriodTheromanticperiodbeganin1798thepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge’s<LyricalBallads>,andendin1832withSirWalterScott’sdeath.Romanticism:Itemphasizethespecialqualitieofeachindividual’smind.(人應(yīng)該是獨(dú)立自由個體)Init,emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace.TwomajornovelistsoftheRomanticperiodareJaneAusten(realistic)andWalterScott(romantic).“TheLakePoets”湖畔詩人，wholivedinthelakedistrict.WilliamWordsworth;SamuelTaylorColeridge;RobertSouthey1.WilliamWordsworth威廉?華茲華斯1770~1850（與柯爾律治、騷塞同被稱為“湖畔派”詩人。TheLakePoets）①<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withSamuelTaylorColeridge)②<IWonderedLonelyAsACloud>Theme:1.Natureembodieshumanbeingsintheirdiversecircumstance.Itisnaturethatgivehim“strengthandknowledgefullofpeace”2.Itisblisstorecolledthebeautyofnatureinpoetmindwhileheisinsolitude.Comment:Thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils(水仙)andpoet’sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.③LinesComposedAFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey④TheSolitaryReaper孤獨(dú)割麥女②<ThePrelude>序曲2.

SamuelTaylorColeridge塞繆爾?泰勒?科爾律治1772~1834

TheLakePoets①<TheRimeoftheAncientMariner>古舟子頌②<Christabel>柯里斯塔貝爾③<KublaKhan>忽必烈汗Artisticfeatures:mysticism,demonismwithstrongimagination,astrangeterritory④<FrostatNight>午夜冰霜⑤<Dejection,anOde>憂郁頌⑥<LyricalBallads>抒情歌謠集(withWilliamWordsworth)3.

GeorgeGordonByron喬治?戈登?拜倫1788~1824（拜倫式英雄Byronicheroes孤傲、狂熱、浪漫，卻充滿了反抗精神。內(nèi)心充滿了孤獨(dú)與苦悶，卻又蔑視群小。恰爾德·哈羅德是拜倫詩歌中第一個“拜倫式英雄”。）“Byronichero”isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin,againsttyrannicalrulesormoralprinciples.=1\*GB3①<DonJuan>唐?璜<ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage>恰爾德?哈羅德爾游記<Cain>該隱 =2\*GB3②<WhenWeTwoParted>當(dāng)初我們倆分別<SheWalksInBeauty>4.

PersyByssheShelley波西?比希?雪萊1792~1822=1\*GB3①PoeticDrama：<PrometheusUnbound>解放了普羅米修斯Theme:thedramacelebratesman’svictoryovertyrannyandoppression=2\*GB3②<QueenMab>麥布女王<RevoltofIslam>伊斯蘭反叛<TheCenci>欽契一家<ADefenceofPoetry>詩辯<TheNecessityofAtheism>無神論必要性③Lyrics:<OdetotheWestWind>西風(fēng)頌Theme:Theauthorexpresshiseagernesstoenjoytheboundlessfreedomfromthereality.Comparethewestwindtodestroyeroftheoldwhodrivesthelastsignsoflifefromthetrees,andpreserverofthenewwhoscattertheseadsshichsillcometolifeinthespring.Thisisapoemaboutrenewal,aboutthewindblowinglifebackintodeadthings,implyingnotjustanarcoflife(whichwouldendatdeath)butacycle,whichonlystartsagainwhensomethingdies.Comment:PercyByssheShelley's"OdetotheWestWind"iswritteniniambicpentameter.Itcontainsfivesonnetlengthstanzas,eachwithaclosingcouplet.Therhymingschemeformisababcbcdcdedee.Thetoneispoignant.Manywillagreethatthispoemisaninvocationforanunseenforcetotakecontrolandrevivelife.Artisticfeatures:Usingrerzarima(三行詩ababcbcdcdedefe…)<ToaSkylark>致云雀

5.

JohnKeats約翰?濟(jì)慈1795~1821(“美即是真，真即是美”是他著名詩句。)

=1\*GB3①Fourgreatodes:<OdeonaGrecianUrn>希臘古甕頌<OdetoaNightingale>夜鶯頌<OdetoPsyche>心靈頌<OdeOnMelancholy>憂郁頌=2\*GB3②<ToAutumn>秋頌Theme:ThethemeofJohnKeats'poem,"ToAutumn",isthatchangeisbothnaturalandbeautiful.Thepoempraisesthegloriesofthefallseasonbyusingalmosteverytypeofimagerytobothcharmandappealtothereader.Comment:Thespeakerinthepoemacknowledgesthattimepassesby,butalsoassertsthatthischangeusuallyyieldssomethingnewandbetterthanwhatcamebefore.Eachofthepoem'sthreestanzasrepresentstheevolvingoftwodifferenttypesofchange.Onetypeofchangeshowninthepoemisthechangeofperiodsinaday.6.

JaneAusten簡?奧斯丁1775~1817Shecomparedherworkstoafineengravinguponaliterarypieceofivoryonlyinchessquire.=1\*GB3①<SenseandSensibility>理智與感情<PrideandPrejudic>高傲與偏見(chapterI)【ElizabethBennet&Darcy】intheendfalseprideishumbledandprejudicedissolved【Collins&CharlotteLucas】seetherealityofmarriageasanecessarystepifawomanistoavoidthewretchednessofagingspinsterhood【Lydia&Wickham】shownthedangersoffeckless（軟弱，沒精神）relationshipsunsupportedbymoney.【Mr.&Mrs.Bennet,Mr.Collins,LadyCatherinedeBurgh】comiccharacters<MansfieldPark>曼斯菲爾德莊園<Emma>愛瑪<NorthangerAbbey>諾桑覺寺<Persuasion>勸導(dǎo)7.WalterScott沃爾特?斯科特1771~1832(歷史小說之父”)Fatherofhistorynovels=1\*GB3①<RobRoy>羅伯?羅伊=2\*GB3②<Ivanhoe>艾凡赫

=6\*ROMANVITheVictorianPeriod1832-1900Commonsenseandmoralpropreity,againbecamethepredominantpreoccupation.Criticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeopleandeverydayevents.1.

CharlesDickens查爾斯?狄更斯1812~1870（批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說家）criticalrealistwriter①<ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub>匹克威克外傳②<OliverTwist>奧利弗?特維斯特（霧都孤兒）③<TheOldCuriosityShop>老古玩店④

<AChristmasCarol>圣誕頌歌⑤<DombeyandSon>董貝父子⑥

<DavidCopperfield>大衛(wèi)?科波菲爾⑦<BleakHouse>荒涼山莊<HardTimes>艱難時世⑧<ATaleofTwoCities>雙城記(London&Paris)⑨<GreatExpectations>遠(yuǎn)大前途⑩<OurMutualFriend>我們共同朋友

是英國19世紀(jì)小說繁榮時期最出色代表作家，影響遍布?xì)W美以及世界各國。他那富有社會批判意義現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說不但使英國文壇煥然一新，而且對世界文學(xué)發(fā)展也產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。2.WilliamMakepeaceThackeray威廉?麥克匹斯?薩克雷1811~1863①<VanityFair>oraNovelwithoutaHero名利場(thenameisanexcerptfrom<ThePilgrim’sProgress>byJohnBunyan)②<TheBookOfSnobs>

3.CharlotteBronte夏洛蒂?勃朗特1816~1855①<JaneEyre>簡?愛JaneEyre,aplainlittleorphan,wassenttoLowood,acharityschool.Thereshesufferalotand8yearslatersheleftschoolandbecameabovernessatThornfieldHall.Thereshefallsinlovewiththemaster,Mr.Rochester.Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,e.g.charityinstitutionsuchasLowoodItisasuccessfulintroductiontothefirstgoverness（家庭女教師）heoineintheEnglishnovel,whomrepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenstrugglingforrecognitionoftheirbasicrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.②<Shirley>雪莉③<Professor>教師

4.

EmilyBronte艾米莉?勃朗特1818~1854①<WutheringHeights>咆哮山莊Astoryabouttwofamilieandanintrudingstranger.【TheEarnshawFamily】Mr.Earnshaw,hiswife,thesonHindley,thedaughterCatherine,Heathcliff【TheLintonFamily】Mr.Linton,hiswife,sonEdgar,daughterIsabella②<OldStoic>5.GeorgeEliot喬治?艾略特1819~1880①<TheMillontheFloss>弗洛斯河上磨坊②<AdamBede>亞當(dāng)?比德③<SilasMarner>織工馬南④

<Middlemarch>米德爾馬契6.AlfredTennyson阿爾弗萊德?丁尼生1809~1892（維多利亞時代最具代表性偉大詩人）PoetLaureate（桂冠詩人）①<InMemoriam>悼念Tomemorializehisfriend②<Break,Break,Break>③<IdyllsoftheKing>國王敘事詩7.

RobertBrowning羅伯特?白朗寧1812~1889

①<MyLastDutchess>我已故公爵夫人②<HomeThoughtsFromAbroad>海外鄉(xiāng)思theringandthebook指環(huán)與書pippapasses皮帕走過了ElizabethBarrettBrowing:①<SonnetfromthePortuguese>葡萄牙十四行詩8.RobertLouisStevenson①<TreasureIsland>金銀島9.ThomasHardy托馬斯?哈代1840~1928（小說多以農(nóng)村生活為背景；自然主義小說家。Wessexnovels;novelsofcharacterandenvironment）

=1\*GB2⑴Novels①<TessOfTheD’Urbervilles>德伯家苔絲Theme:experienceisastointensity,andnotastoduration②<JudeTheObscure>無名裘德③<UnderTheGreenwoodTree>綠蔭下④

<FarFromTheMaddingCrowd>遠(yuǎn)離塵囂⑤<TheMayorOfCasterbridge>卡斯特橋市長⑥

<TheReturnoftheNative>還鄉(xiāng)=2\*GB2⑵

PoemsWessexPoemsAndOtherVersesPoemsOfThePastAndPresentTheDynasts列國=7\*ROMANVII1900~1950The20thCenturyPlaywrights=1\*GB3①OscarWilde=2\*GB3②GeorgeBernardShaw1.OscarWilde奧斯卡?王爾德1856~1900

（TheAestheticMovement:ArtforArt’sSake）

=1\*GB3①4Comedies:<TheImportanceOfBeingEarnest>認(rèn)真主要<LadyWindermere’sFan>溫德米爾夫人扇子

<AWomanOfNoImportance>一個無足輕重女人<AnIdealHusband>理想丈夫=2\*GB3②Novel:<ThePictureOfDorianGray>多利安?格雷畫像=3\*GB3③FairyStories:<TheHappyPrinceAndOtherTales>愉快王子故事集2.GeorgeBernardShaw喬治?伯納?蕭1856~1950(英國出色批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義劇作家）criticalrealisticdramatist

=1\*GB2⑴Plays=1\*GB3①PlaysUnpleasant<MrsWarren’SProfession>華倫夫人職業(yè)<Widowers’Houses>鰥夫房產(chǎn)=2\*GB3②PlaysPleasant<ArmsAndMan>武器與人<TheManOfDestiny>左右命運(yùn)人③Plays<ManAndSuperman>人與超人<Pygmalion>匹格瑪利翁<TheAppleCart>蘋果車<SaintJoan>圣女貞德Novelists(Realists)1.JosephConcrad=1\*GB3①<LordJim>吉姆爺=2\*GB3②<HeartOfDarkness>黑暗心1.Whythebook’stitleisHeartofDarkness?ThestoryhappenedinCongo,theheartofAfrica,andthecolorofpeople’sskininthereisblack.Mostimportantpointaboutthetitleistotheevilinhumans’heart.2.Whatisthesymbolismofblackandwhite【Black/dark-】death,evil,ignorance,mystery,savagery,uncivilizedMiddleAges,whenscienceandknowledgewassuppressed,astheDarkAges.AccordingtoChristianity,inthebeginningoftimeallwasdarkandGodcreatedlight.AccordingtoHeartofDarkness,beforetheRomanscame,Englandwasdark.Inthesameway,Africawasconsideredtobeinthe“darkstage”.【W(wǎng)hite/light】life,goodness,enlightenment,civilized,religion.Yet,inConcrad,theusualpatternisreverseanddarknessmeanstruth(Thetruthwithin,thereforedarkandobscure.),whitenessmeansfalsehood.ThiscontrasttellsapoliticaltruthaboutcolonialismintheCongo.ThecontrastalsosuggestsapsychologicaltruthaboutMarlowandtheEuropeansmind.Whitealsosuggestsanynumberofunpleasantmoraltruths.Thetradeinivoryiswhiteanddirty.Kurtzthewhitemanistotallycorrupt3.CommentThebookimpliesthatcivilizationsarecreatedbythelawsandcodesthatencouragementoachievehigherstandards.Thelawactsasabuffertopreventmenfromrevertingbacktotheirdarkertendencies.Civilization,however,mustbelearned.Londonitself,inthebookasymbolofenlightenment,wasonce"oneofthedarkerplacesoftheearth"beforetheRomansforcedcivilizationupontheBritons.Butcivilizedsocietydoesnotgetridofprimevalsavagetendencieswhichlurkinthebackground.ThissavageryisseeninKurtz.MarlowmeetsKurtzandhefindsamanthathastotallythrownofftherestraintofcivilizationandhasde-evolvedintoaprimitivestate.4.Character【Kurtz】representswhateverymanwillbecomeiflefttohisownintrinsicdesireswithoutaprotective,civilizedenvironment.【Marlow】representsthecivilizedsoulthathasnotbeendrawnbackintosavagerybyadark,alienatingjungle.5.NarrativeStructureInHeartofDarkness,wehaveanoutsidenarratortellingusastoryhehasheardfromMarlow.ThestoryMarlowtellscentersaroundKurtz.However,mostofwhatMarlowknowsaboutKurtz,hehaslearnedfromothers.TheyhavegoodreasonfornotbeingtruthfultoMarlow.ThereforeMarlowhastopiecetogethermuchofKurtz’sstory.2.WilliamSomersetMaugham<OfHumanBondage>人性枷鎖3.EdwardMorganFoster(E.M.Foster)<APassageToIndia>印度之行<HawardsEnd>霍華茲別墅

Modernists=1\*GB2⑴3Novelists=1\*GB3①JamesJoyce=2\*GB3②DavidHerbertLawrence=3\*GB3③VirgirniaWoolf

1.DavidHerbertLawrence戴維?赫伯特?勞倫斯1885~1930①<SonsAndLovers>兒子與情人(autobiographical)【Mrs.Morel】,daughter