2023年河南省洛陽市高考英語綜合練習(xí)試卷（一）-普通用卷

第=page11頁，共=sectionpages11頁2023年河南省洛陽市高考英語綜合練習(xí)試卷（一）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）A

Part-TimeStoreAssociateLocation55HillwoodAveFallsChurch，VA22046QualificationsProvidepoliteandimmediatecustomerserviceDutiesProcesscustomerpurchases，performgeneralcleaningduties，andkeepstockshelvesandmerchandise（貨物）displayscleanandneatOperateacashregisterefficientlyandaccuratelyAbilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment，includingelectric/manualhandjacks（千斤頂），floorscrubbers，andcardboardbalers（打包機）.GreetandreceivecustomersinawelcomingmannerRespondtocustomers'questionsandassistcustomerswiththeirshoppingprocessPerformgeneralcleaningdutiestocompanystandardsInterpretandapplycompanypoliciesandproceduresCooperatewithteammembersandcommunicateclearlytothestoremanagementteamExcellentcommunicationskillsCheckerrorsandothergeneralproblemsWorkbothindependentlyandwithinateamenvironmentFollowthecashpoliciesandprocedurestominimizelossesAbilitytosafelyandproperlyoperateequipment，includingelectric/manualhandjacks（千斤頂），floorscrubbers，andcardboardbalers（打包機）.PhysicalDemandsAbilitytostockmerchandisefromstorereceivingtoshelvingMeetanystateandlocalrequirementsforhandlingandsellingalcoholicdrinksAbilitytoplaceproducts，weighingupto45pounds（about20kilograms），onshelvesatvariousheightsEducationHighSchoolDiplomaorGEDPriorworkexperienceinaretailenvironmentpreferredRegularlyrequiredtosit，stand，bend，reach，push，pull，lift，carrygoodsandwalkaboutthestoreSalary＄15～＄18perhour（morethan10hoursbutfewerthan30hoursperweek）1.Whichisaresponsibilityofapart-timestoreassociate？______A.Helpingcustomerswithshopping.

B.Respondingtoonlinecustomerorders.

C.Deliveringgroceriestocustomers'homes.

D.Adjustingthecashpoliciesandprocedures.2.Whatisfundamentalforworkingasapart-timestoreassociate？______A.Havingadiplomaofuniversity.

B.Havingone-yearrelatedexperience.

C.Beingphysicallystrongandflexible.

D.BeingabletospeakEnglishfluently.3.Howmuchmoneycouldapart-timestoreassociatemakeatleastwithinaweek？______A.＄570 B.＄480 C.＄210 D.＄180BIt'sasmallpiece—merelyasquarebrickdrawingacurly-hairedArchangelGabriel—butitmaybetheoldestsurvivingartworkbytheRenaissancemasterLeonardoDaVinci.Ifconfirmed，thispaintingmayshowhistorianswhatDaVincilookedlikeasateenager.That'sbecausethe1471creationmay，infact，beaself-portrait（自畫像）DaVincimadewhenhewasjust18yearsold.

However，manydoubttheartwork'sauthenticity（真實性）.MartinKemp，anretiredprofessorofarthistoryatOxfordUniversitywhoisaLeonardoexpert，dismissedtheclaimabsolutely，"ThechanceofitsbeingbyLeonardoislessthanzero，"KemptoldTheGuardian."ThesillyseasonforLeonardonevercloses."

Thenearly8-inch-by-8-inchsquarebrickmaycontainclueslinkingittoDaVinci，accordingtoErnestoSolari，anarthistorianandDaVinciexpert，andIvanaRosaBonfantino，ahandwritingexpert.Bothsaythatasignatureanddatewrittenontheangel'sjawline—whichreads"DaVinciLionardo"withthedate"1471"—closelymatchDaVinci'shandwriting.

Nexttothe1471datearethenumbers52and72.It'spossiblethatthe52isareferenceto1452，Leonardo'sbirthyear.Meanwhile，the7and2mayrefertotheletters"G"and"B"（Gistheseventhletterofthealphabet，andBisthesecond），whichcouldstandforGabriel.Thesenumbersare"morethanasignature，itistypicalofthefamouspuzzlesthathelovedallhislife，"Solarisaid.

Whenanalyzingthehandwriting，BonfantinorevieweddocumentsknowntobelongtoDaVinci.Bonfantinonoticedthatthe"1"inthe1471datewasshorterthantheothernumbers，whichmatchedthepreviousexamplesofDaVinci'swriting.4.Whatdoesthepassagetellaboutthepainting？______A.Itishighermorethaneight-inch.

B.Itisaself-portraitdrawnbyhistorians.

C.ItmaybetheoldestartworkdrawnbyLeonardoDaVinci.

D.Itisonlyasquarepiecewithacurly-hairedmalecharacter.5.WhatdoesMartinKempthinkof"theself-portraitofDaVinci"？______A.Authentic. B.Skeptical. C.Valuable. D.Silly.6.WhydoSolariandBonfantinothinkthepaintingcontainscluesaboutDaVinci？______A.Itistypicalofhimtoexpresslove.

B.Ithasanimportantinfluenceonhim.

C.Thenumbersnexttothe1471arehisbirthday.

D.Thesignatureanddatearethesameashishandwriting.7.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext？______A.ADoubtfulPaintingfromDaVinci

B.ADiscussionabouttheOldestArtwork

C.AnIntroductionaboutDaVinci'sPainting

D.ADescriptionaboutDaVinci'sHandwritingCTwo-thirdsoftheworldpopulationlivesunderconditionswherethefreshwaterdemandismorethantwicethenaturalwateravailabilityforatleastonemonthperyear.Accordingtoofficialstatistics，1billionofthoseliveinIndiaand0.9billionliveinChina.OtherareasfacingthisproblemforlongerperiodsincludeBangladesh（130millionpeople），thewesternandsouthernstatesoftheUSA（130million），Pakistan（120million），Nigeria（110million），andMexico（90million）.

Communitiesusearangeoftechniquestoovercomethisproblem.Indrysummers，thosenearthecoastcandesalinate（淡化）seawater，althoughtheprocessrequiresalargeamountofenergyandexpense.Someremoteinlandcommunitieshavealternativemethodsthatsuittheirparticularconditions.Forexample，manyhigh-altitudeChileancommunitiesintheAndesusefogcollectors，specializednetsthatcangatherjustafewlitersaday.

Elsewhere，there'sanotherchoiceavailable.ResearchersatETHZurichhavedevelopedanewdevicethatpassivelyharvestswaterfromtheairaroundtheclock.Thedeviceismadeupofaspeciallycoatedglasssheetthatreflectssolarradiationandalsoradiatesawayitsownheat.Indoingso，itcoolsdownbyasmuchas15degreesCelsiusbelowthesurroundingtemperatures.Thisdifferenceintemperaturebetweentheairandthesheetcauseswatervaportocondense（凝結(jié)）onitsunderside，whichcanthenbeeasilycollected.

TestssofarhavebeenconductedonauniversitybuildinginZurichandsuggestthatthedevicecanproducetwiceasmuchwaterperdayasotherpassivewater-collectiontechnologies.Underidealconditions，researchersharvested0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremetreofthesurfaceperhour."That'sclosetothetheoreticalmaximumvalueof0.6decilitresperhour，whichisphysicallyimpossibletodo，"saysIwanHachler，adoctoralstudentwhoisworkingonthetechnology.Thezero-energyinputoftheset-upcouldmakeitsuitableforuseindevelopingcountries，particularlyinremotecommunitieswherewaterlackisoftencombinedwithpowershortages.Thescientistsarehopefulthatthedevicecouldbeusedwithotherwater-collectionmethods，suchasdesalination，toincreaseproductivity.8.What'stheauthor'spurposebymentioningofficialstatisticsinParagraph1？______A.Freshwaterinsecurityisaglobalcrisis.

B.Waterresourcesareunevenlydistributedglobally.

C.Lackofwaterseriouslyrestrictsmanycountries'growth.

D.Developedcountriesarebetterathandlingwatershortages.9.Whyisacoatedglasssheetusedinthenewdevice？______A.Toholdthecondensedwater.

B.Toworkasacoolingsurface.

C.Togetridofharmfulsolarradiation.

D.Torecordthechangesintemperature.10.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthenewdevice？______A.Itproducessatisfyingoutcomes.

B.Itislimitedtolaboratoryenvironments.

C.Ithasmetwiththeoreticalbottlenecks.

D.Itneedsfurtherconfirmationfromexperts.11.Whencanthezero-energydeviceharvestthemostwater？______A.Atnight. B.Inthemorning. C.Intheevening. D.Atnoon.DMusicisapartofeveryculturearoundtheworld.Infact，theabilitytoappreciatemusicisbuiltintoourbrains.Musicmakesusfeelgood.Manymusicstudieslookatthelong-termbenefitsofbeingamusiclistenerorparticipatinginamusicprogramasachild.Butcanlisteningtomusichelpusconnectandempathize（產(chǎn)生共鳴）withsomeonerightatthemoment？Anewstudyaimedtofinditout.

Inthisstudy，60universitystudentswereaskedtowatchseveral15-secondvideosinwhichapersonrecountsanautobiographical（自傳體的）experience.Insomecases，peopleinthevideotalkaboutarelativelyordinaryevent，likemovingintoanewapartment，whileotherstoriescontainstrongemotionalcontent，likerecallingaterribleaccidentoralovedone'sdeath.

Whilethestudentswatchedthesevideos，theresearchersrandomlyplayedeither"emotionallyneutral"musicorverysadmusicinthebackground.Afterwatchingeachvideo，thestudentsexpressedhowmuchsympathytheyhadforthepersoninthevideo，andhowmuchtheywantedtohelpthatperson.Theywerealsotestedontheirsocialreasoningskills—howwelltheyunderstoodtheperspectiveofthepersoninthevideo.Allofthesecouldbesignsofempathicconnection.

Resultsshowedthatpeoplewatchingthesadvideosfeltmoresadnessthemselvesandmoresympathyfortheotherpersonthanthosewatchingtheneutralvideos—notabigsurprise.Buttheseempathicfeelingswerestrengthenedbylisteningtosadmusic.Themusichadnoeffect，however，onwhetherornotthestudentscouldreasonouttheotherperson'sexperienceandunderstandcognitivelywhattheymightbethinkingorfeeling.

Whilemusicisnottheonlyway—otherartforms，likefictionanddancing，havealsobeenshowntoincreaseempathy，forexample—musiccouldbeapowerfultool."It'dbeveryinterestingtoextendourfindingfurther，toseeiflisteningtomusicinasocialcontextcanenhanceourreal-worldabilitytoempathizewithandfeelsympathyforothersinthelongterm，"saystheleadresearcherBrennanMcDonald.12.Whatdidthenewstudywanttofindout？______A.Whethermusicisculture-specific.

B.Whethermusiccanarouseemotions.

C.Whethermusiccanstrengthenthesocialeffect.

D.Whethermusicprogramscanimproveconfidence.13.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtododuringthestudy？______A.Tofilmashortautobiographicalvideo.

B.Tosharetheirunpleasantexperiences.

C.Tothinkupwaystohelpthoseinneed.

D.Towatchvideoswhilelisteningtomusic.14.Whichofthefollowingbelongstotheopinionoftheresearchers'？______A.Wecanincreaseoursympathybyusingsomemusic.

B.Musichelpsusunderstandothers'thinkingprocesses.

C.Mostadultsaremuchmoreemotionalthanchildren.

D.Musiccanimpactusbothemotionallyandintellectually.15.WhatwilltheresearcherBrennanprobablydonext？______A.Studydifferenttypesofmusic.

B.Testtheeffectofmusiconpeople.

C.Findwaystomakepeopleconcerned.

D.Comparetheeffectofdifferentartforms.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Ifyou'reshyoranxiousbynature，youmayworryyou'renotagoodconversationalist.It'simportanttostayengagedinanyconversation，sotheotherpersonfeelsvalued.Whenyoustartaconversation，remaincalm.Trytofindanobservationorinsighttogettheconversationgoing.Fromthere，askquestions，listen，andofferinsight.（1）______.

Startaconversation

Practiceaheadoftimeifyou'reeasytobeanxious.Manypeoplefeelmorerelaxediftheygivethemselvestimetoprepareconversationstartersaheadoftime.（2）______.Youcould，forexample，talkaboutanassignmentifyou'remakingaconversationinclass.

Keepaconversationmoving

（3）______.Agreatwaytokeepaconversationrunningsmoothlyistoaskaseriesofquestionsabouttheotherperson.Askquestionsaboutwhattheotherpersonissaying.Makearulethat，beforeyoubringupyourownexperiencesorinterests，youaskatleastonequestionaboutwhattheotherpersonsaid.

（4）______

Whenapersonistalking，payattentiontowhatthey'resaying.Keepyourmindfocusedonthepresentmomentinsteadofplanningwhatyou'llsaynext.It'sinevitablethatyouwillthinkofsomethingthatrelates.That'sokay.Itcanbegoodtohavesomeresponsesreadybutdon'tspendtimethinkingofhowtowordyourresponses.

Allowtheconversationtocometoanaturalend

Mostconversationswillruntheircourse.（5）______Youmaynoticenaturalpausescomingbetweentopicsandenthusiasmwillhavedecreasedslightly.Inthiscase，gracefullyleavetheconversationongoodterms.

A.Speakclearlyandavoidsilence

B.Thiswillkeeptheconversationmoving

C.Remembertoengageinonlyonethingatatime

D.Thiscanhelpyouformaconnectionwiththeotherperson

E.Youcanwritedownalistofpotentialconversationstarters

F.Peoplewanttofeelthattheotherpersonisinterestedinthem

G.Youandtheotherpersonmayhavebeenexhausteddiscussingatopic16.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.

A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）WhenwemovedintoourhomeinMaui，Hawaii.16yearsago，onegoodthingaboutthishousewasthehugeavocado（鱷梨）treegrowinginthebackyard.

ThistreegavethemostdeliciousavocadosIhaveever（1）______.Ilivedontheseavocadoswhen（2）______myfirstchild.（3）______avocadowastheveryfirstfoodformykids.Thistreewassohugethatit（4）______amassiveshadowoverourbackyard.Itwas（5）______ourmagicaltree.

Untiloneday，someonefromtheHealthDepartmentcametotellusthatouravocadotreewastoo（6）______andneededtrimming（修整）.InNewYork，yougetin（7）______ifyoudon't（8）______thesnowoffyoursidewalk.Here，it'swhenyourtreesaretoohigh.Soalongcamethetrimmer.（9）______justthetrunkandafew（10）______.Iwassad.Thekidswereall（11）______.Somefriendswhoknewitwouldsay，"It'sgoingto（12）______back.Yournextavocadoswillbecrazy!"Yeah，whatever.Thetreeisgone，so（13）______doingthat.Itjustdidn'twork.

Butafewdayslater，Inoticedsomeunusualbutterflies（14）______aroundtheyard.Andthen，thesuncameinthekitchencreatingthispleasant（15）______onceblockedbythehugetree.Afteraboutamonth，Istartedtonoticesometinygreen（16）______comingoutofthecutbranches，whicheventually（17）______full-onbrightgreenleaves.

Istartedtofeellikeallwasgoingtobefine，kindoflikelife.Littledoweknowwhatseemsreallydifficultisactuallylife'swayofmakingus（18）______.It'slife'swayofbringinginthebutterflies，the（19）______，andthedelightfulflowers.Weallknowthatfamous（20）______，"ItwillbeOKintheend.Ifit'snot，it'snottheend."21.

A.smelt B.tasted C.bought D.received22.

A.educating B.assessing C.nursing D.training23.

A.Fresh B.Ugly C.Soft D.Sour24.

A.created B.shared C.pictured D.cast25.

A.secretly B.truly C.suddenly D.randomly26.

A.large B.strange C.accessible D.valuable27.

A.risk B.silence C.trouble D.dark28.

A.gather B.drag C.pile D.clear29.

A.cutting B.leaving C.burning D.breaking30.

A.pears B.leaves C.flowers D.branches31.

A.sad B.angry C.annoyed D.excited32.

A.root B.spread C.grow D.come33.

A.continue B.stop C.regret D.remember34.

A.flying B.fighting C.screaming D.singing35.

A.peace B.atmosphere C.warmth D.wildness36.

A.insects B.worms C.balls D.shoots37.

A.turnedinto B.fadedaway C.tookup D.threwaway38.

A.prouder B.stronger C.wealthier D.wiser39.

A.shadow B.snow C.food D.sunshine40.

A.truth B.secret C.saying D.idea四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.Chinesejumprope，alsoknownasChineseropes，isachildren'sgameresemblinghopscotch（跳房子）andjumprope.Onereason（1）______itspopularityisthefactthatalthoughthemovescanbequite（2）______（challenge），thegameitselfisverysimple.There'snoneed（3）______（buy）expensiveequipmentsincewhatplayersneedisonlyarope.Chinesejumpropecombinestheskillsofhopscotchwithsomeofthepatternsfromahand-and-stringgamecalledcat'scradle（搖籃）.It（4）______（begin）in7th-centuryChina.Inthe1960s，childrenintheWesternworldadoptedthegame.Thegameis（5）______（typical）playedinagroupofatleast3playerswitharopeabout16feetin（6）______（long）tiedintoacircle.Twoplayersfaceeachotherstanding9feetapart，（7）______positiontheropearoundtheiranklessothatitistaut（拉緊的）.The（8）______（three）playerstandsbetweenthetwosidesoftheropeandtriestoperformaseriesofmoveswithoutmakinganerrororpausing.Therearemanyjumppatterns，mostofwhichareaccompaniedbyasong.Thisissometimescalledthe"firstlevel".（9）______jumpertriestocompletethechosenpattern.Ifthemoves（10）______（complete）successfully，thentheropeismovedfartherupandtheseriesisrepeated.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

（1）每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

（2）只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

Oneevening，Iwasridingbackhomewhenitsuddenlyrained.Istopcyclingandputontheraincoatcarriedalongwithme.Beforegoingonwithmyjourney，Ifoundanoldmancatchingintherain.Heisseatedinawheelchair，withoutumbrellaoraraincoat.Bigraindropsviolentlyfellonhiscoat，leavingbigroundmark.Hecouldn'tmovefast，lookinganxiety.Iwenttohimorcoveredhisbodywithhisraincoat.Knowinghelivedinnearby，Iwalkedhimhome."Whathelpfulaguyyouare!"themansaidtomethankfully.六、書面表達（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.某英語報社面向中學(xué)生征文，題目為Myexperienceofdoinghousework。請寫一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：

（1）你做家務(wù)的經(jīng)歷；

（2）你的感受和收獲。

注意：（1）詞數(shù)100左右；

（2）短文題目已為你寫好。

Myexperienceofdoinghousework

答案和解析1~3.【答案】A、C、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Duties部分的Respond

to

customers'

questions

and

assist

customers

with

their

shopping

process（回答顧客的問題，幫助顧客購物）可知兼職店員的職責(zé)是幫助顧客購物。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Physical

Demands（體力要求）部分中Ability

to

place

products，weighing

up

to

45

pounds

（about

20

kilograms），on

shelves

at

various

heights（能夠?qū)⒅剡_45磅（約20公斤）的產(chǎn)品放置在不同高度的貨架上）和Regularly

required

to

sit，stand，bend，reach，push，pull，lift，carry

goods

and

walk

about

the

store（經(jīng)常需要坐、站、彎腰、伸手、推、拉、舉、拿貨物和在店內(nèi)走動）可知，兼職店員需要體力強壯且靈活。A．Having

a

diploma

of

university.有大學(xué)文憑；B．Having

one-year

related

experience.有一年相關(guān)經(jīng)驗；C．Being

physically

strong

and

flexible.身體強壯靈活；D．Being

able

to

speak

English

fluently.能夠流利地說英語。故選C。

（3）數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)Salary部分中＄15～＄18

per

hour（more

than

10

hours

but

fewer

than

30

hours

per

week）（每小時15～18元（每周超過10小時但少于30小時））可知，每周的工作時間超過10小時但少于30小時，每小時15～18美元，故兼職店員一周至少能賺180美元，故選D。

這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章介紹了一個兼職店員職位的相關(guān)信息及要求。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段It's

a

small

piece

—

merely

a

square

brick

drawing

a

curly-haired

Archangel

Gabriel

—

but

it

may

be

the

oldest

surviving

artwork

by

the

Renaissance

master

Leonardo

Da

Vinci.（這是一件很小的作品僅僅是一塊方磚，上面畫著卷發(fā)天使加百列但它可能是文藝復(fù)興時期大師列奧納多?達?芬奇現(xiàn)存最古老的藝術(shù)品）可知，這幅畫可能是列奧納多?達?芬奇畫的最古老的藝術(shù)品。故選C。

（2）觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第二段However，many

doubt

the

artwork's

authenticity

（真實性）.Martin

Kemp，an

retired

professor

of

art

history

at

Oxford

University

who

is

a

Leonardo

expert，dismissed

the

claim

absolutely，

"The

chance

of

its

being

by

Leonardo

is

less

than

zero，"

Kemp

told

The

Guardian.（然而，許多人懷疑藝術(shù)品的真實性。牛津大學(xué)藝術(shù)史退休教授、達芬奇研究專家馬丁?坎普斷然駁斥了這一說法，他告訴《衛(wèi)報》："這幅畫出自達芬奇之手的可能性小于零。"）可知，馬丁?坎普對"達?芬奇的自畫像"持懷疑態(tài)度。A．Authentic.真實的；B．Skeptical.懷疑的；C．Valuable.有價值的；D．Silly.愚蠢的。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Both

say

that

a

signature

and

Date

written

on

the

angel's

jawline

—

which

reads

"Da

Vinci

Lionardo"

with

the

Date"1471"—closely

match

Da

Vinci's

handwriting.（兩人都說，天使下巴上的簽名和日期寫著"達芬奇?里奧納多"，日期是"1471"與達芬奇的筆跡非常吻合）可知，索拉里和邦凡蒂諾認(rèn)為這幅畫包含了達芬奇的線索因為簽名和日期與他的筆跡相同。故選D。

（4）標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段It's

a

small

piece

—

merely

a

square

brick

drawing

a

curly-haired

Archangel

Gabriel

—

but

it

may

be

the

oldest

surviving

artwork

by

the

Renaissance

master

Leonardo

Da

Vinci.If

confirmed，this

painting

may

show

historians

what

Da

Vinci

looked

like

as

a

teenager.That's

because

the

1471

creation

may，in

fact，be

a

self-portrait

（自畫像）

Da

Vinci

made

when

he

was

just

18

years

old.（這是一件很小的作品僅僅是一塊方磚，上面畫著卷發(fā)天使加百列但它可能是文藝復(fù)興時期大師列奧納多?達?芬奇現(xiàn)存最古老的藝術(shù)品。如果得到證實，這幅畫可能會向歷史學(xué)家展示達芬奇十幾歲時的樣子。這是因為這幅1471年的作品實際上可能是達?芬奇18歲時創(chuàng)作的自畫像）并結(jié)合文章主要介紹了一副可能出自達芬奇之手的畫作，專家對此有不同的看法?？芍?，A選項"達芬奇的一幅可疑畫作"最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一副可能出自達芬奇之手的畫作，專家對此有不同的看法。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

8~11.【答案】A、B、A、D【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段Two-thirds

of

the

world

population

lives

under

conditions

where

the

freshwater

demand

is

more

than

twice

the

natural

water

availability

for

at

least

one

month

per

year.（三分之二的世界人口每年至少有一個月生活在淡水需求量是自然供水量兩倍以上的條件下。）可知作者想通過在第一段提到官方統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們，淡水不安全是一個全球性的危機。A．Fresh

water

insecurity

is

a

global

crisis.淡水不安全是一個全球性的危機；B．Water

resources

are

unevenly

distributed

globally.水資源在全球分布不均；C．Lack

of

water

seriously

restricts

many

countries'

growth.缺水嚴(yán)重制約了許多國家的發(fā)展；D．Developed

countries

are

better

at

handling

water

shortages.發(fā)達國家更擅長處理水資源短缺問題。故選A。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The

device

is

made

up

of

a

specially

coated

glass

sheet

that

reflects

solar

radiation

and

also

radiates

away

its

own

heat.In

doing

so，it

cools

down

by

as

much

as

15

degrees

Celsius

below

the

surrounding

temperatures.This

difference

in

temperature

between

the

air

and

the

sheet

causes

water

vapor

to

condense

（凝結(jié)）

on

its

underside，which

can

then

be

easily

collected.（該裝置由一塊特殊涂層的玻璃板組成，它可以反射太陽輻射，同時也會散發(fā)出自身的熱量。在這個過程中，它會比周圍的溫度低15攝氏度?？諝夂捅“逯g的溫度差異導(dǎo)致水蒸氣在薄板的底部凝結(jié)，然后很容易收集）可知，在新設(shè)備中使用鍍膜玻璃板是為了作為冷卻表面。A．To

hold

the

condensed

water.來容納冷凝水；B．To

work

as

a

cooling

surface.作為冷卻表面；C．To

get

rid

of

harmful

solar

radiation.消除有害的太陽輻射；D．To

record

the

changes

in

temperature.來記錄溫度的變化。故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Tests

so

far

have

been

conducted

on

a

university

building

in

Zurich

and

suggest

that

the

device

can

produce

twice

as

much

water

per

day

as

other

passive

water-collection

technologies.Under

ideal

conditions，researchers

harvested

0.53

decilitres

of

water

per

square

metre

of

the

surface

per

hour.（到目前為止，在蘇黎世的一所大學(xué)建筑上進行的測試表明，該設(shè)備每天的產(chǎn)水量是其他被動集水技術(shù)的兩倍。在理想條件下，研究人員每小時從每平方米表面收集0.5（3分）升的水）可推知，這個新設(shè)備產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果。A．It

produces

satisfying

outcomes.它產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結(jié)果；B．It

is

limited

to

laboratory

environments.它僅限于實驗室環(huán)境；C．It

has

met

with

theoretical

bottlenecks.它遇到了理論瓶頸；D．It

needs

further

confirmation

from

experts.需要專家進一步確認(rèn)。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段Researchers

at

ETH

Zurich

have

developed

a

new

device

that

passively

harvests

water

from

the

air

around

the

clock.The

device

is

made

up

of

a

specially

coated

glass

sheet

that

reflects

solar

radiation

and

also

radiates

away

its

own

heat.In

doing

so，it

cools

down

by

as

much

as

15

degrees

Celsius

below

the

surrounding

temperatures.This

difference

in

temperature

between

the

air

and

the

sheet

causes

water

vapor

to

condense

（凝結(jié)）

on

its

underside，which

can

then

be

easily

collected.（蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)了一種新設(shè)備，可以全天候被動地從空氣中收集水分。該裝置由一塊特殊涂層的玻璃板組成，它可以反射太陽輻射，同時也會散發(fā)出自身的熱量。在這個過程中，它會比周圍的溫度低15攝氏度?？諝夂捅“逯g的溫度差異導(dǎo)致水蒸氣在薄板的底部凝結(jié)，然后很容易收集）可知，溫差越大，水越容易收集，一天中最熱的時候是中午，所以零能耗設(shè)備中午能收獲最多的水。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。主要說明了蘇黎世聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)了一種新設(shè)備，可以全天候被動地從空氣中收集水分。介紹了這種設(shè)備的工作原理以及效果。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

12~15.【答案】C、D、A、B【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段But

can

listening

to

music

help

us

connect

and

empathize

with

someone

right

at

the

moment？A

new

study

aimed

to

find

it

out.（但聽音樂能幫助我們在當(dāng)下與某人建立聯(lián)系并產(chǎn)生共鳴嗎？一項新的研究旨在找出答案。）可知，新的研究是想弄清楚音樂是否能提升社會效應(yīng)。故選C項。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段While

students

watched

these

videos，the

researchers

randomly

played

either

"emotionally

neutral"

music

or

very

sad

music

in

the

background.（當(dāng)學(xué)生們觀看這些視頻時，研究人員隨機播放"情緒中性"的音樂或非常悲傷的背景音樂。）可知，參與者在研究過程中被要求邊聽不同的背景音樂邊看視頻。故選D項。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段While

music

is

not

the

only

way

—

other

art

forms，like

fiction

and

dancing，have

also

been

shown

to

increase

empathy，for

example—music

could

be

a

powerful

tool.（雖然音樂不是唯一的方式，其他藝術(shù)形式，如小說和舞蹈，也被證明可以增加同理心，但音樂可能是一個強大的工具。）可推知，我們可以使用某些音樂來增加我們的共情能力。故選A項。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段"It'd

be

very

interesting

to

extend

our

finding

further，to

see

if

listening

to

music

in

a

social

context

can

improve

our

real-world

ability

to

empathize

with

and

feel

sympathy

for

others

in

the

long

term，'

says

the

lead

researcher

Brennan

McDonald.（首席研究員布倫南?麥克唐納說：

"進一步擴展我們的發(fā)現(xiàn)將非常有趣，看看在社交環(huán)境中聽音樂是否能長期提高我們在現(xiàn)實世界中對他人產(chǎn)生共鳴和同情的能力。"）可知，研究人員布倫南接下來可能會測試音樂對人的長期影響。A．Study

different

types

of

music.學(xué)習(xí)不同類型的音樂；B．Test

the

effect

of

music

on

people.測試音樂對人的影響；C．Find

ways

to

make

people

concerned.想辦法讓大家關(guān)注；D．Compare

the

effect

of

different

art

forms.比較不同藝術(shù)形式的效果。故選B項。

本文是一篇說明文。音樂是全世界文化的一部分，那么聽音樂能否幫助我們與此刻的某個人產(chǎn)生共情能力呢？一項新的研究試圖去弄清楚這一點。

一、速讀全文，了解大意知主題。

閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個方面。閱讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力，考生必須在十分有限的時間內(nèi)運用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實質(zhì)。

二、看題干，帶著問題讀文章。

首先要掌握問題的類型，客觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案；而主觀判斷題考查的是對文章的感情基調(diào)等，這類題必須經(jīng)過對作者的態(tài)度、意圖以及對整篇文章進行深一層的推理等。其次，了解試題題干以及各個選項所包含的信息，然后有針對性地對文章進行掃讀，對有關(guān)信息進行快速定位。此法加強了閱讀的針對性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。

三、邏輯推理，做好深層理解題。

在實際閱讀中，有時作者并未把意圖說出來，閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓義。要求讀者對文字的表面信息進行分析、挖掘和邏輯推理，不能就事論事，以偏概全。推理題在提問中常用的詞有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。

四、猜詞悟義，掃除閱讀攔路虎。

猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力。它不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文，而且要有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)會"順藤摸瓜"，通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對比，因果，常識，上下文等線索確定詞義。

16~20.【答案】B、E、F、C、G【解析】（1）聯(lián)系上文題。根據(jù)上文Trytofindanobservationorinsighttogettheconversationgoing.