高效晨讀英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)單句背誦

高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法單句語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)料高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法單句語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)料#據(jù)句意此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。5.Whenwalkingdownthestreet,IcameacrossDavid,whomIhadn'tseen(see)foryears【答案】hadn'tseen【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:當(dāng)沿街散步時(shí),我偶遇了戴維,我們已有好幾年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了。“沒(méi)見(jiàn)”表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在cameacross之前，且foryears是完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志，所以應(yīng)用表示過(guò)去完成的hadn'tseen。過(guò)去完成時(shí)Bythe1940sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom、andIwonderedifIwouldgrowanylarger.到二十世紀(jì)四十年代，我已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)得像一間屋子那么大了。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)I.Overthepastdecades,seaiceintheArctichasbeendecreasing(decrease)asaresultofglobalwarming.一直在減少.Tomhasbeenworking(work)inthelibraryeverynightthesedays.一直在工作(斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地進(jìn)行著).—Excuseme,whichmovieareyouwaitingfor?一ThenewStarWars.Wehavebeenwaiting hereformorethantwohours.【答案】havebeenwaiting本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:——打擾了，你們?cè)诘戎茨牟侩娪澳?一一新版的《星球大戰(zhàn)》。我們?cè)谶@兒等了兩個(gè)多小時(shí)了。結(jié)合句意可知,此處表示一直在等待著，并且還有可能繼續(xù)等下去，故用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)出2丫《beenwaiting)o.Mary hasbeenworking reallyhardonhisbookandthinkshe'llhavefinisheditbyFriday..—WhereisPeter?Ican'tfindhimanywhere.一Hewenttothelibraryafterbreakfastandhasbeenwritinghisessaythereeversince..Dashan,who(learn)crosstalk,theChinesecomedictradition,fordecades,wantstomixitupwiththeWesternstand-uptradition.【答案】hasbeenlearning【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:大山學(xué)習(xí)相聲——中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)喜劇形式——數(shù)十年了,他想把中國(guó)相聲與西方的脫口秀融合起來(lái)。由fordecades可知who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句要用完成時(shí)，再由主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wants可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)出2$beenlearning)o.We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently. well,itisn'tsurprising.Ourfriendandrelatives___D aroundallthetimeA.arecomingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencoming一般將來(lái)時(shí)1..—Whattimeisit?—Ihavenoidea.Butjustaminute,I(check)itforyou.【答案】willcheck【解析】句意:一一幾點(diǎn)了?一一我不知道。但是等一會(huì)兒,我給你查一下。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,check為臨時(shí)決定要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,will可表示臨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備去2.Asyougothroughthisbook,you(find)thateachofthemillionsofpeoplewholivedthroughWorldWarIIhadadifferentexperience.willfind句意：當(dāng)你瀏覽這本書(shū)的時(shí)候，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)那些經(jīng)歷過(guò)二戰(zhàn)的幾百萬(wàn)人中，每一個(gè)人都有不同的經(jīng)歷。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以主句使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)Theymadeuptheirmindthatthey (buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.【答案】wouldbuy【解析】句意:他們下定決心，一旦拉里換了工作，他們就買(mǎi)座新房子。根據(jù)主句中的關(guān)鍵詞made可知該題的語(yǔ)境是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的;同時(shí)once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的changed這一動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)還未發(fā)生，用的是一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法,所以主句應(yīng)該用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即wouldbuy。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單句語(yǔ)料動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Traveling_alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。Ignoring(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.動(dòng)名詞在句中做主語(yǔ)。Understanding (understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.Apologizing(Apologize)canbeharderthanrealizingyouhaveactedpoorly.Somebodyjumpingforjoyiseasytoseewhilearaisedeyebrowconveyingdoubtiseasiertomiss.Seeingisbelieving.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Collectinginformationisveryimportanttobusinessmen．收集信息對(duì)于商人來(lái)說(shuō)非常重要。Itisnousearguingwithhim.與他爭(zhēng)吵沒(méi)有用。(It作形式主語(yǔ))It'snousecryingoverspiItmilk.后悔是沒(méi)有用的。/覆水難收。(抽象動(dòng)作)Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式Beingadmittedintoakeyuniversityiswhatmoststudentswishfor.現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)hehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,___allowing__morepatientstobetreated.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughoutbedroomwindows,_making___airconditioningunnecessary.Newly-builtwoodencottageslinethestreet, turning (turn)theoldtownintoadreamland.Breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarecommonthesedays,___causing (cause)seriousharmtolifeandtheenvironment.不定式目的狀語(yǔ). Tocatch (catch)theearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly. Tomake (make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you'dbetterkeepthiscardathand..___Tolearn (learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息時(shí)，他們都高興得跳了起來(lái)。___Notknowing (know)whichuniversitytoattend，thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.【答案】Notknowing句意：女孩不知道該上哪一所大學(xué)，所以她就向老師尋求建議。句子主語(yǔ)thegirl和動(dòng)詞know之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因而應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)；由句意可知，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ).Clearlyandthoughtfully__written (write)，thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.【答案】written句意：這本書(shū)脈絡(luò)清晰，論述深刻，能夠激發(fā)那些自主探究答案的學(xué)生的自信心。book與write之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此填write的過(guò)去分詞形式。.___Heated___,liquidscanbechangedintogases.. Ordered (order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow..___Supported___(Support)byhisacademicresearch,ProfessorSaloveysuggeststhatwhenpredictingsomeone’sfuturesuccess,theircharacter,asmeasuredbyEQtests,mightactuallymattermorethantheirIQ.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)What’sthelanguage___spoken___inGermany?Haveyougoteverything required (require)?答案：required動(dòng)詞require與其邏輯主語(yǔ)everything為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故使用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)，此處非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)修飾everythingHaveyoureadthenovel__written (write)byDickens?你讀過(guò)狄更斯寫(xiě)的這部小說(shuō)嗎?(表被動(dòng)、完成)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)Muchtime__spent (spend)sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.Weather__permitting___(permit),we’llhaveanoutingtomorrow.permitting(Weatherpermitting一起構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Itissowettherethatthetreesareextremelytall，some__measuring (measure)over90metres.【答案】measuring句意：那里如此濕潤(rùn)，樹(shù)都長(zhǎng)得非常高，有的都超過(guò)了90米。measure在此表示“(某物的)長(zhǎng)度為“，some與其是主動(dòng)關(guān)系故填現(xiàn)在分詞。some__measuring_(measure)over90metres一起構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)MissLireturnedtotheclassonawheelchairtogiveuslessons.wewere (deep)moved,all (rise)toapplaudher.參考答案deeply,rising(allrisingtoapplaudher此處作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Herearethefirsttwovolumes,thethirdone__tocomeout (comeout)nextmonth.這是前兩卷，第三卷將于下月問(wèn)世。(thethirdone__tocome^t］此處作獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Havingdone結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)作表示先于主句完成.ManyChinesebrands,__havingdeveloped (develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.此處使用完成式的ing分詞形式是表示動(dòng)作先于主句完成，例如，Havingrealizedmymistake,Idecidedtoapologizetomyteacher..__Havingspent (spend)thepastyearasanexchangestudentinHongKong，Lindaappearsmorematurethanthoseofherage.【解析】 Havingspent句意：作為交換生在香港待了一年，琳達(dá)顯得比其他同齡的人更成熟。spend與句子主語(yǔ)Linda存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且spend這個(gè)動(dòng)作又發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

詞appear之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。長(zhǎng)難句分析一、長(zhǎng)難句的分類(lèi)1、帶有較多成分的簡(jiǎn)單句。如：Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.例如，決定選擇家庭電視節(jié)目和婦女雜志后，牙膏經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商還必須挑選出要用的確切的電視節(jié)目和電視臺(tái)，以及那些具體的婦女雜志。在這個(gè)有30多個(gè)詞的簡(jiǎn)單句中，動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不定式tobeused修飾的不僅是women'smagazine，而且還修飾televisionprogramsandstations.exacttelevision同時(shí)修飾programs和stations兩個(gè)詞，這在翻譯中可以看出來(lái)。插入語(yǔ)forinstance把主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)了。2、含有多個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句的并列句。如：Inthe1970shewasasurgeonatYale，hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.在20世紀(jì)70年代，他在耶魯當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生，有位出色的太太和5個(gè)漂亮的孩子，但他那時(shí)過(guò)得卻很不開(kāi)心。在第二個(gè)并列句中，即在had前面省略了andhe.Discrimination（歧視）isn,ttheironlyconcern；almosteveryonetestingpositivefortheHuntington,sgene（基因）developssymptoms（癥狀）duringmiddleage，anddoctorscandonothingtohelp.擔(dān)心受到歧視并不是他們唯一的憂慮，幾乎所有遺傳性亨廷頓病基因檢測(cè)呈陽(yáng)性的人在中年時(shí)癥狀都會(huì)顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)，而醫(yī)生對(duì)此卻無(wú)能為力。三個(gè)分句均為簡(jiǎn)單句，分別用分號(hào)和and連接。3、含有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句。如：Ican,tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth,spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable（不能再生的）resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.我不能總是生活在對(duì)這種可能性的憂慮中：由于地球上人口的不斷增長(zhǎng)，由于我們正在消耗掉越來(lái)越多的非再生資源，我們的孩子可能不得不過(guò)著更加貧窮的生活。在possibility后由that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句中還含有一并列結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：as…resources.However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents（文科生）graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective（預(yù)期的）workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.然而，我們這些有這個(gè)年齡段孩子的家長(zhǎng)們都知道，這樣的機(jī)會(huì)少得可憐；我們也知道，許多文科畢業(yè)生認(rèn)為未來(lái)的就業(yè)市場(chǎng)沒(méi)有他們的一席之地。本句的主謂語(yǔ)是：thoseofusknow。know有兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其中第二個(gè)省略了know。在主句中還有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句修飾thoseofus，在第二個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中還有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句修飾beliefo4、含有多個(gè)插入成分的句子。如：Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（無(wú)知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.他在電子郵件的地獄之旅是糊里糊涂開(kāi)始的。作為國(guó)際計(jì)算機(jī)聯(lián)合公司這家軟件公司的董事長(zhǎng)，他當(dāng)時(shí)還是第一次聽(tīng)說(shuō)他的雇員們是多么快地就接受了他們公司的新的電子郵件系統(tǒng)。aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational是he的同位語(yǔ)，asoftwarecompany是ComputerAssociatesInternational的同位語(yǔ)他們將從屬連詞when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)分隔開(kāi)了。5、并列復(fù)合句。如：Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.我經(jīng)歷過(guò)好的變化，也經(jīng)歷過(guò)壞的變化，但是我從來(lái)沒(méi)有懷疑過(guò)這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即不管我喜歡與否，變化總是不可避免的。在but后的那個(gè)并列的分句中有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，其中還含有一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Theyalsofoundthatthebusconductorhadamajorroleinpreventingvandalism（故意破壞行為），andatthetimeshewentupthestairstotheupperdecktocollectfares，vandalismdidnotoftenoccur.他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)公交車(chē)售票員在防止發(fā)生故意破壞方面發(fā)揮了重要的作用。當(dāng)售票員到雙層公交車(chē)的上層收費(fèi)時(shí)，破壞行為就不常發(fā)生。在前一個(gè)并列分句中有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，在后一個(gè)并列的分句中有一個(gè)修飾times的定語(yǔ)從句，這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句前省略了關(guān)系詞that或when.二、長(zhǎng)難句分析步驟1、首先確定句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、復(fù)合句或并列句。2、如果是簡(jiǎn)單句，首先確定主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；接著確定賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（如有的話）；然后確定定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等次要成分，即找出主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)各自的修飾語(yǔ)。按照所確定的各個(gè)成分，給出全句大意（可用翻譯法）。譯文意思應(yīng)當(dāng)通順，并和上下文意義基本吻合。如意義出入較大，文理不通，則分析可能有誤，這時(shí)應(yīng)考慮重新進(jìn)行句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。3、如果是并列句，首先應(yīng)找出并列連詞并把全句分解為若干個(gè)分句；接著按照簡(jiǎn)單句的分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后將全句綜合考慮。4、如果是復(fù)合句，首先找出從屬連詞并確定出主句，這時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意連詞省略現(xiàn)象和多義連詞在句中的確切含義；接著按照簡(jiǎn)單句的分析方法再細(xì)分各分句的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句意；然后確定從句的性質(zhì)，即該從句在句中修飾什么詞語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)；最后整體考慮全句大意，尤其要注意對(duì)修飾語(yǔ)的判斷是否準(zhǔn)確。三、長(zhǎng)難句分析的注意事項(xiàng)在分析句子成分時(shí)，還應(yīng)特別注意下列幾點(diǎn)：1、是否有同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)。2、是否有省略、倒裝和分隔等現(xiàn)象。3、替代詞的所指對(duì)象。4、判斷并列成分的層次。5、句首的并列連詞and、or、but、for通常起承上啟下的作用，不要將他們歸入后文的句法分析。6、在從句多的句子中，從句中又包含從句的現(xiàn)象。7、非限定動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)在句中作次要成分（定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)）時(shí)又帶著自己較長(zhǎng)的從屬成分，尤其是狀語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)分析。8、在有多個(gè)從句的復(fù)合句和并列句中，狀語(yǔ)（單個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或從句）究竟是全句的修飾語(yǔ)還是某個(gè)從句或詞語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)。練習(xí)：Canadahasvastareasofwilderness,fromtheArcticnorth,whereaveragewintertemperaturesareusuallyminus20degreescentigrade,tothe8,892-kilometre-longborderwiththeUSAtothesouth,whichisthelongestborderintheworldnotdefendedbyanarmyorthepolice.Montreal,aportintheprovinceofQuebec,isthesecondlargestcityinCanada,andalsothesecondlargestFrench-speakingcityintheworld,Parisbeingthelargest.Asamodern,dynamiccity,Montrealhasalivelynightscene,withmanyrestaurantsandclubs,aswellasculturalandstreetfestivalstoensurethatnovisitoriseverbored.Italsohassuperbscenery,abeautifulharbour,andallthecomfortsofmodernlifeandinternationalcuisine,inadditiontobeingclosetosomeverypopularskiareas.Thewaterfalls,thelargestofwhichisshapedlikeasemicircle,are670metreswide,andfall56metresinanawesomewhitesheetofwater.Althoughonlyahandfulofpeoplebecamesuccessful,manystayedandbuiltsettlementsinthearea,andtherearenowmanymuseumsshowingwhatlifewaslikebackthen.Indeed,sittinginfrontofthetelevisionwatchingasportsevent,withadrinkinonehandandsomefastfoodintheother,isverycommoninAustralia.Anotherpopularsport,cricket,isoriginallyfromtheUK,andhasbeenexportedtoandfollowedincountriesinfluencedbyit,suchasAustralia,India,Pakistan,KenyaandSouthAfrica.Ithinkthatthatthatthatthatstudentwroteontheblackboardwaswrong.Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelp